放电诱导可控烧蚀及电火花修整成形加工基础研究

提出一种新加工方法——放电诱导可控烧蚀及电火花修整成形加工(简称间歇烧蚀加工)。利用极间金属材料在高压氧气间歇通入阶段产生剧烈烧蚀并将蚀除产物吹离加工区域这一特性来实现材料的高效蚀除及较低电极相对损耗率的目的,且在氧气关闭阶段进行常规电火花加工以对表面进行修整,保证了加工表面精度及质量。与火花油、水中传统加工和持续烧蚀加工的试验对比表明:在相同电参数下,间歇烧蚀加工的材料去除率较传统火花油中的电火花加工提高了4.28倍,相对电极损耗率降低了72%。通过放电波形分析了间歇烧蚀的加工机理,并基于电极对的表面微观形貌和成分分析对其加工特点进行了研究。     

水包油型乳化液钛合金TC4电火花加工特性研究

为解决钛合金在煤油介质中电火花加工效率低及在蒸馏水介质中加工表面质量差的问题,提出利用乳化剂将煤油和蒸馏水超声振动后形成水包油型乳化液作为工作介质的加工方法。分别以煤油、水包油型乳化液和蒸馏水为工作介质,对钛合金TC4进行放电加工试验,从加工效率、电极相对损耗率和表面质量三个方面,对比研究了不同工作介质中钛合金电火花加工的特性。试验结果表明：水包油型乳化液中的加工效率是煤油中加工效率的两倍左右,工件表面粗糙度值Ra比蒸馏水中的Ra值减小了15%~20%,加工后工件表面微裂纹较少,表面较平整,但其电极相对损耗率高。     

钛合金电火花加工工艺研究

钛合金在航空航天制造领域的应用愈加广泛,而电火花加工是某些结构特殊的钛合金零件加工的理想选择。针对传统钛合金电火花加工中放电状态不稳定、加工效率不高的问题,通过优选电极材料、优化放电参数及分析表面质量,提出了适合钛合金电火花高效加工的工艺方案,并通过实际产品加工验证了其有效性。     

钛合金电火花加工工艺试验研究

针对TC11钛合金电火花加工中放电状态不稳定、加工效率不高的问题,从电极材料和放电参数优选等方面开展试验研究,在此基础上提出了TC11钛合金电火花加工工艺方案,对该材料的高效加工具有一定的借鉴、指导意义。     

旋转电极电火花抛光金刚石膜

电火花抛光金刚石膜的工艺是预先在金刚石膜表面镀覆一层导电层,然后采用电火花进行加工,使金刚石膜表面突起的尖峰被迅速去除.在单脉冲放电抛光试验中深入地研究了镀层材料对电火花抛光金刚石膜的影响,并证实了加工中金刚石表面的石墨化是使电火花加工得以不断延续的关键.通过旋转电极的抛光试验,验证了旋转电极连续抛光金刚石膜的有效性,提出电火花抛光的机理模型.     

金刚石砂轮金属结合剂的气中单脉冲电火花放电去除机理

针对金属结合剂金刚石砂轮修锐困难的问题,提出采用气中电火花接触放电修锐的方法。为有效地实现微细金刚石砂轮的修锐,建立单脉冲电火花放电去除加工的试验系统,研究金属结合剂的气中和液中电火花放电去除机理。在试验研究中,主要分析无负荷电压和放电极性对脉冲放电电流、脉冲放电间隙、脉冲放电去除量、电极磨耗比等的影响。结果表明,正极性不易发生短路现象,而且气中的脉冲放电间隙小于液中的 ,适应于微细金刚石砂轮的修锐。此外,在气中放电中存在由绝缘破坏引起的火花放电向附有电弧柱的电弧放电转变的临界无负荷电压,且电火花放电的去除量可以明显小于电弧放电的去除量,但是当无负荷电压小于某一定值时电极消耗比会快速增加。修锐的试验结果显示,利用气中单脉冲电火花放电去除加工条件可以实现金属结合剂微细金刚石砂轮的修锐,产生较好的砂轮出刃形貌,改善磨削表面质量。     

多孔质电极电火花加工工艺

多孔质电极电火花加工采用多孔材料作为工具电极。多孔质电极由紫铜颗粒经高温烧结获得,在加工过程中可利用颗粒间孔隙形成的流道实现分布式的全向内冲液。通过制备符合电火花加工要求的多孔质电极并搭建实验系统,对多孔质电极的电火花加工性能进行了实验研究。经与实体电极进行对比发现,在工件上表面加工较浅的型腔时,由于多孔质电极表面不平整,易发生大量的侧向放电,其在材料去除率方面与实体电极相比没有优势;而在深孔中加工时,由于排屑条件恶化,采用多孔质电极后可利用分布式的内冲液极大改善极间状态,并可采用不抬刀方式加工,相同条件下材料去除率达到实体电极的4倍。     

钛合金钻削加工出口毛刺研究进展

钛合金材料因其硬度高、耐腐蚀、抗断裂性能好等优点被广泛应用于航空航天和军工国防等尖端领域。钛合金材料在钻削加工中易产生出口毛刺缺陷,影响工件的表面质量,且毛刺的后处理工序增加了该材料的加工成本。因此,开展关于钛合金钻削出口毛刺的研究,对于改善工件的表面质量、提高钛合金的适用范围有重要意义。本文以钛合金钻削加工中的出口毛刺为研究对象,针对出口毛刺类型、形成机理和控制策略三个方面进行了系统性综述,并对钻削加工钛合金出口毛刺的研究进行了展望。     

电火花沉积重熔碾轧修整试验

针对电火花沉积层存在的孔隙、微裂纹、表面组织疏松、连续性差及表面质量差等缺陷,提出了电火花沉积重熔碾轧修整加工方法。进行了所提方法与电火花沉积的对比试验,并对制备的沉积层进行了分析。结果表明：重熔碾轧修整时电极对沉积表面有较大的挤压碾轧作用,能有效消除沉积层内部孔隙、微裂纹、组织疏松等缺陷,细化沉积层晶粒结构,提高沉积层的连续性、完整性。电极对沉积层表面有显著的磨削涂覆作用,重熔碾轧修整表面粗糙度为电火花沉积表面粗糙度的76.3%,基本消除了表面孔洞、裂纹等缺陷,提高了沉积层表面质量。     

TC4钛合金多孔质电极电火花加工性能研究

采用了一种由紫铜颗粒经高温烧结获得的多孔材料作为工具电极进行了TC4钛合金电火花加工性能实验研究。多孔质工具电极可利用颗粒间孔隙形成的流道在加工过程中实现分布式的全向内冲液,增强钛合金电火花加工中的排屑作用。实验结果表明,多孔质电极能够采用不抬刀方式加工,其加工效率可达实体铜电极的3倍;且由于在冲液条件下钛合金加工屑向工具电极的反粘附着行为,使得其电极相对损耗率大幅降低。对半封闭复杂型腔的加工实验结果表明,采用多孔质电极进行粗加工能够大幅缩短加工时间,显示了多孔质电极在有一定深度的钛合金复杂型腔加工中具有较强的加工能力。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.