基于智能水滴算法的装夹规划方法

针对计算机辅助工艺设计中的装夹规划问题,提出一种基于智能水滴算法的装夹规划方法。通过对加工特征进行分析来定义零件的操作单元及其约束关系,构建装夹规划的模型。将零件的各个操作单元与智能水滴算法中流动路径的各个节点相关联,利用水滴所携带的泥土量来表征操作单元之间的相似度,以此来构建智能水滴算法的适应度函数。在经过操作单元顺序约束矩阵所筛选出的可行解空间内进行迭代求解,通过水滴多次冲刷路径中的泥土量来筛选最优解,解码后获得了最优的装夹规划方案。以典型零件的装夹规划为例,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于加工操作单元的多态蚁群装夹规划方法

针对基于加工特征的计算机辅助装夹规划问题,提出一种基于多态蚁群算法的装夹规划优化方法。根据零件的加工特征,定义了加工操作单元,建立零件的装夹规划模型;接着提出了集成顺序优先约束的多态蚁群求解装夹规划的优化算法。其中顺序优先约束是通过对加工操作单元的划分,实现禁忌加工操作单元的动态调整;多态蚁群算法将局域搜索与全局搜索进行结合,并根据状态转移概率在可行的加工操作单元中进行选择,完成整个装夹路径的规划。最后通过典型零件装夹规划的实例,验证了提出的多态蚁群算法在求解装夹规划问题中的可行性和有效性。     

面向装配序列规划的模因算法研究

针对遗传算法在求解装配序列规划问题中收敛速度慢、产生重复解等问题,提出一种基于模因算法的装配序列规划方法。将模因算法中全局搜索与局部搜索相结合动态更新种群的策略引入,采用装配优先约束矩阵和干涉矩阵建立装配规划模型,并以装配单元之间的相异性之和构建适应度函数。在非干涉解空间中进行全局搜索,获得装配规划方案,再通过二叉树中序遍历调序算法将较优方案转化为可行解。通过交叉操作和变异操作后,在可行解空间内进行局部搜索,获得较优解。通过典型柱塞油泵装配规划验证了该算法的可行性和可靠性;并将其与遗传算法进行比较,证明其更有效。     

基于遗传算法的加工工艺决策与排序优化

针对箱体类零件的工艺路线排序问题,以总生产时间最短为优化目标,建立了加工中心零件的工步排序数学模型。考虑加工中心多次装夹下零件特征有多种加工方案的情形,通过引入特征约束矩阵和加工优先级系数,保证了工艺规划中约束的合理性。设计了相应的初始种群生成、染色体的选择、交叉和变异策略,利用遗传算法对加工方案进行选择与排序。最后通过多个实例分析验证了该方法可以有效提高工艺规划中加工工艺的排序优化能力。     

采用差分进化算法的复杂轴零件工艺路线优化

针对某复杂轴工艺路线编制不合理导致加工效率低的问题,从现有工艺路线优化方案出发,将加工特征以加工精度为加工元节点进行详细划分,构架合理加工元编码,以生产实际中装夹为依据,对工艺约束关系分组分析,获得更优的约束矩阵表达。利用差分进化算法,以机床、刀具及装夹更换最少为目标函数,合理设计差分变异、交叉及序列有效性校验与调整算法。通过对比表明,优化方案相较于优化前方案以及工艺约束不分组方案,刀具、装夹更换次数均有减少。     

基于装夹选择的缸体零件柔性机加工生产线平衡优化

针对缸体零件柔性机加工生产线工艺规划中的装夹选择和线平衡问题,提出一种基于不同装夹约束的生产线平衡优化算法,在机床总数确定的情况下,选择规划的装夹进行组合,对不同装夹组合下不同构型的生产线进行优化分析。该算法以加工元描述每个加工操作的属性,并在工艺约束的基础上引入不同装夹组合下的装夹约束和工位时间约束。综合考虑加工中心换刀、转位时间和不同构型下的工位数量,以节拍、工位数量和平衡率为目标建立优化模型。对基本蚁群算法进行改进,采用贪婪策略计算概率,利用精英保留,最终获得多个装夹组合方案下的生产线构型和最优解集。通过复杂实例验证了该方法的可行性和高效性。     

融合帝国竞争与遗传算法的零件加工工艺排序方法

针对计算机辅助工艺规划中的零件加工工艺排序问题,以最小化机床、装夹以及刀具变更次数为优化目标,构建了工艺排序的数学模型,并提出了融合帝国竞争与遗传算法的优化求解方法,将帝国竞争算法输出的较优加工序列作为遗传算法的初始种群,通过融合帝国竞争算法不受初始种群影响的特性和遗传算法的快速收敛能力提升算法求解性能。实验结果表明:混合算法寻找最优解的效果比采用单一算法的效果更好,并且收敛速度更快。     

具有柔性加工时间的机器人制造单元调度问题改进遗传算法

为克服传统遗传算法在求解具有柔性加工时间的机器人制造单元调度问题时易出现早熟收敛、冗余迭代等缺陷,提出了改进遗传算法。该算法采用基于工件搬运顺序的染色体编码,并根据调度问题特征,设计构造型启发式算法来生成初始种群,避免了大量不可行染色体的产生,提高了后续操作的优化质量。同时,在交叉变异操作中引入局部邻域搜索,通过对子代邻域的局部寻优提高了算法的收敛速度。最后,分别应用该算法和传统遗传算法求解六个基准案例,实验结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

自动化制造单元最小完工时间调度问题的混合启发式算法

自动化制造单元最小完工时间调度问题属于NP-hard难题,目前尚缺乏有效的调度方法。为此,提出基于遗传和禁忌搜索的混合启发式算法,用以搜索一组最满意的机器人搬运作业排序。以遗传算法为基本结构,在初始种群产生和交叉、变异操作中引入禁忌搜索技术,以提高优化质量。基于搬运作业规则的初始种群构造算法和两阶段交叉、变异算子克服了传统算子对可行搬运作业排序的破坏,而邻域移动算子则保证了禁忌搜索的多样性和集中性。最后,随机实验结果验证了算法的有效性。     

基于改进粒子群算法的无人直升机航路规划

针对山区环境下无人直升机航路规划的问题,提出了一种改进粒子群算法.首先建立航路规划数学模型,将路径长度、飞行高度和威胁指数引入适应度函数;然后采用惯性权重因子调节算法的全局和局部搜索能力,利用选择操作和杂交操作增加种群的多样性,避免陷入局部最优;最后当种群陷入局部极值时,采用变异算子跳出局部最优解.将该算法和传统粒子群算法比较,仿真结果表明,该算法可以避免陷入局部最优,缩短搜索时间,较快得到全局最优路径.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.