粗糙体变形特性对接触过程的应力与应变的影响

运用W-M函数生成分形粗糙表面,建立一个新的双粗糙体接触模型,采用有限元方法模拟仿真了在粗糙体不同变形特性条件下的接触过程,并分析了接触表面的应力分布及不同接触位置的塑性应变随深度的变化规律．结果表明双粗糙接触表面的应力主要集中在个别的较高微凸体上,其应力最大值出现在微凸体肩部区域的位置;等效塑性应变在不同位置沿深度的变化,呈现出不同的规律,微凸体顶部区域沿深度方向的最大等效塑性应变均发生在次表层,材料表层下的塑性应变将会导致材料表层中的夹杂或微观缺陷周围萌生微孔和裂纹源,对比不同变形特性的模型,得出弹塑性一刚体模型的最大应力及应变值都大于弹塑性一弹塑性模型。     

应变能—内应力干涉模型的多轴高周疲劳研究

塑性应变能使材料微观组织结构发生不可逆变化而引起等效宏观应力,该应力随循环加载而增大。假定该应力的一种分布函数,将疲劳极限以上加载等效为塑性应变,建立了塑性应变与加载应力成线性关系的表达式,由此得到循环加载的塑性应变能。导出其最大应力与外加应力叠加达到材料本征断裂应力时的裂纹成核寿命,并由微裂纹引起上述两部分应力变化,得到继续加载直至宏观裂纹出现的疲劳寿命。所建立的多轴疲劳寿命公式由三个材料参数表达,并通过单轴疲劳试验数据确定。初步研究表明,该模型对所引用的多轴疲劳试验数据有很好的预测能力。     

基于Ayada损伤模型的板料冲裁过程数值模拟

使用DEFORM-2D软件对AISI-1045钢的冲裁工艺过程进行弹塑性大变形有限元数值模拟,采用Ayada断裂准则,预测了材料变形过程中静水应力、等效应力和等效应变的分布以及发展趋势、冲裁最后阶段微裂纹产生发展和最终断裂,模拟结果中的材料断裂和冲裁力的变化与实验结果一致.     

磨粒磨损中微观接触过程的有限元分析

分析了磨粒压入被磨损材料表面、磨粒在材料表面滑动和卸载脱离接触的过程,研究了这三个接触阶段材料表层的应力应变、接触压力和接触摩擦切应力特征。结果表明,微观接触过程不仅存在材料的非线性作用和摩擦接触的状态非线性作用,而且存在着由于材料表面变形引起的几何非线性作用,被磨损材料表层的应力应变和接触压力的分布和大小与材料表面变形过程有关。     

非均质材料的时变弹流润滑特性分析

通过将夹杂物所引起的表面特征位移引入到时变弹流润滑问题中,建立非均质材料时变弹流润滑模型,综合应用有限差分法、共轭梯度法及快速傅立叶变换算法进行数值求解,分析夹杂物对油膜厚度、压力及次表面应力的影响。结果表明:稳态条件下,硬夹杂物使得其上方的油膜压力增加、内部应力上升,而软夹杂物使得其上方的压力和内部应力均减小,但左右两边缘处出现应力集中;夹杂物的存在对油膜厚度的影响较小;当夹杂物体积和位置相同时,椭球体形夹杂物对油膜压力的影响比立方体形夹杂物显著,但含立方体形夹杂物的材料内最大von Mises应力对夹杂物弹性参数的变化更为敏感;时变条件下,非均质材料表面的油膜压力和内部的次表面应力均受动态效应的影响,呈现出与稳态下不同的特性。     

低碳钢Q345多尺度疲劳断裂行为研究

为了解决钢结构疲劳断裂问题,该文基于应力等效原理引入了材料内部微、细观缺陷的影响,利用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟了含损伤的低碳钢Q345多尺度疲劳裂纹扩展过程,研究了裂纹尖端场分布及其疲劳断裂行为。研究表明,材料内部微、细观缺陷引起的损伤对宏观裂纹尖端塑性区分布、尖端应力强度因子和J积分均具有较大影响,裂纹达到一定长度后,影响更为显著,且会较为明显地加速宏观裂纹扩展。     

中厚板辊式矫直过程模型算法修正与应用

用数值计算和实验验证相结合的方法,研究了将材料模型和中性层偏移引入矫直模型的分层算法。研究结果表明:分层算法结果与实验数据有较好的一致性;运用分层算法通过变形运算,可得到每个弯曲单元的应力应变分布,同时得到截面上残余应力分布,在1～4弯曲单元,残余应力的最大值位于弹性区向塑性区的过渡处,在5～9弯曲单元,残余应力的最大值位于板材的表面。     

25Cr2Ni2MoV钢焊接接头的超高周疲劳特性

对25Cr2Ni2MoV钢焊接接头开展常温拉压条件下的超高周疲劳试验,并对失效试样进行断口分析,研究焊接接头的疲劳失效机理。结果表明,疲劳寿命曲线呈现阶梯状:在高应力短寿命区,疲劳断裂发生在试样母材区较多,多为表面或次表面夹杂物裂纹萌生;在低应力长寿命区,疲劳断裂发生在试样焊缝区较多,多为内部气孔裂纹萌生。断口分析发现:缺陷(裂纹源)尺寸较小或者越靠近试样内部,疲劳寿命越长,且较小缺陷同内部较大缺陷具有相似的裂纹萌生潜力。通过有限元模拟疲劳试样内部微缺陷处的应力分布得出,焊缝区气孔和夹杂物周围的应力集中程度大于母材区夹杂物。结合断口分析发现,母材区弥散分布的粒状颗粒夹杂物数量较多,并且聚集起来会形成更大的缺陷,相比焊缝区夹杂物更容易萌生疲劳裂纹。     

硅微球轴承接触问题的有限元分析

利用有限元分析软件Abaqus建立了硅微球轴承的有限元模型,采用有限单元法(FEM)对微球与硅滚道的接触问题进行数值求解。考察了微球的不同尺寸和材料对硅微球轴承滚道接触应力的影响。结果表明:随着微球尺寸的增大,滚道表面最大接触压力和滚道内最大Mises应力均减小;随着微球公转速度的增大,微球材料密度对滚道侧壁表面接触压力和侧壁内Mises应力有显著的影响。该研究将为MEMS旋转机械中硅微球轴承的设计提供理论依据。     

耦合宏微观效应的约束应力区疲劳裂纹模型的求解与应用

用约束应力区描述材料损伤状态,建立耦合宏微观效应的跨尺度疲劳裂纹模型,可描述材料疲劳破坏从微观缺陷到宏观断裂的整个过程。约束应力的分布取决于材料的损伤状态。假定约束应力为线性分布,在远场均匀拉应力作用下,应用Muskhelishivili方法,对跨尺度裂纹模型进行了解析求解,得到了裂纹张开位移与跨尺度应变能密度因子的解析解。以跨尺度应变能密度因子作为疲劳裂纹从微观到宏观扩展的控制参量,对疲劳破坏全过程进行了数值模拟计算。以LC4铝合金板为例,利用模型精确再现出不同疲劳荷载作用下的实验S-N曲线。由于模型考虑了微观因素的影响,疲劳实验数据的发散特性也精确再现出来。另外,通过数值计算,分析了微观效应对疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.