多传感器手爪的研究

本文介绍了一种多传感器机械手爪，手爪上安装了接近觉接触觉滑觉滑力觉滑热觉与温觉等５种传感器。该手爪与简易视觉结合能使机器人完成一些不同截面形状和材质工件的识别。     

Reducing thermal transient induced errors in thermopile sensors in ear thermometer applications

In ear thermometers and similar applications, thermopile sensors have to face a challenging thermal environment. The steady-state sensor temperature as well as the change of sensor temperature, heat flow, and thermal gradients have a significant impact on the sensor's reading. As opposed to the well-known steady-state sensor temperature (so-called “ambient temperature”), the effects of thermal transients have not jet been understood well in the past. They occur when the sensor warms up while the thermometer is inserted into the ear. They have to be treated in addition to the traditional (steady state) ambient temperature compensation.Isothermal packaging of the sensor significantly reduces the error due to thermal transients. This can be combined with mathematical prediction of the remaining error. Based on an analytical thermal model, we show that the error can be represented by a series of derivatives of the sensor housing temperature. Numerical calculation and compensation of the error in only first order combined with an isothermal package allows for an error reduction by the factor of 30.     

过流保护用PTC传感器的研制

本文介绍了用于过流保护的PTC传感器的制作,探讨了它的阻温特性与过流保护之间的关系.实验表明:PTC传感技术在无触点自恢复过流保护上有很大的应用前景.     

基于单片机的数字磁通门传感器

主要研究了一种数字磁通门传感器.这种传感器采用单片机的A/D对磁通门输出信号进行采样.采样后的数据通过串口送给计算机进行运算,并得到最终的输出量.该传感器对地球磁场进行了测量.结果显示:它的误差较小,改善了传统磁通门传感器的温度性能,提高了输出信号的稳定性.     

无外力影响光纤Bragg光栅封装温度传感器

双出头光纤光栅温度传感器很容易因传输线路受到外力作用而产生测试误差。为了解决这个问题,针对原型和增敏2种情况,分别提出无外力影响的新型封装方法,有效地阻止了外力对光纤光栅的影响,并在5~95℃进行了灵敏度标定和外力影响试验,同时,对比了在封装管内填充热良导体和不填充热良导体对温度传感特性的影响。结果表明:采用该工艺封装的光纤光栅温度传感器线性度很好,相关系数均达到0.999以上;原型封装的灵敏度与裸光栅一致,增敏封装的灵敏度是裸光栅的2.86倍;填充热良导体后的传感器对温度的响应速度获得提高,而灵敏度和线性度未受影响;当温度不变时,传感器两端受到80 N的外力作用时,波长读数不产生变化,达到了无外力影响的封装效果。     

A 400°C silicon Hall sensor

The maximum operating temperature of conventional silicon sensors is limited to about 200°C, due to excessive thermal generation of carriers at higher temperatures. The minority-carrier exclusion effect can be exploited to reduce the number of thermally generated carriers, ultimately maintaining extrinsic carrier concentrations at intrinsic temperatures. Based on this effect, a silicon magnetic-field sensor with a maximum operating temperature of about 400°C is presented. The sensitivity has been improved by about 500% with respect to a previously reported version, and now measures about 60 V (A T)⁻¹ at room temperature. Additionally, the theoretical support of the exclusion effect has been improved with a more accurate analytical model.     

Calorimetric hydrocarbon sensor for automotive exhaust applications

We have developed a calorimetric sensor utilizing a thermoelectric device supported on a planar alumina substrate. By using a highly selective carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation catalyst and a non-selective platinum (Pt) catalyst, the device can be built to detect either CO or hydrocarbons with high selectivity. The CO oxidation catalyst comprises lead-modified platinum and exhibits excellent selectivity over the 200–400 °C temperature range. The thermoelectric device consists of two thick film junctions made of niobium pentoxide (Nb₂O₅)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and a lithiated nickel (Ni), which are supported on a planar alumina substrate. The thermocouple detects the difference in temperature due to different catalytic reactions over the two junctions and shows a high output signal because of the high Seebeck coefficient of Nb₂O₅-doped TiO₂ (−400 μV/°C). In gas bench tests, the sensor has a linear output of 0–2.75 mV over 0–1000 ppm of propylene and a response time of 2.5 s (at 90% of amplitude) at a gas temperature of 350 °C. An engine dynamometer evaluation shows that the response of the sensor parallels the change in CO and hydrocarbon constituent concentrations when the engine air-to-fuel ratio is varied.     

温度监测系统中传感器网络和RFID半无源标签的硬件动态行为评估

For the issue that traditional low temperature monitoring systems tend to ignore the dynamic behavior characteristics of hardware, a dynamic behavior characteristic assessing method based on wireless sensor networks (WSN) and semi-passive tags of radio frequency identification (RFID) is proposed. Thus, the aim is to evaluate the sensors dynamic behavior. The experimental test temperature is freezer temperature (5 ℃), room temperature (23 ℃) and greenhouse temperature (35 ℃). And three different sensor configurations WSN motes particles and four kinds of RFID tags (packaged or not packaged) were compared. In order to assess the hardware dynamic range of the sensor response, first-order response of the sensor is logarithmically and nonlinearly fitted. Experimental results show that the temperature sensor packages containing wireless and RFID nodes will affect the dynamic response, and its properties can monitor fast temperature changes, ensuring the normal operation of the cold chain system.     

汽车尾气用NO_x传感器

汽车尾气中的有害物主要有CO,HC,NOx,SOx以及一些微粒物质,给人类赖以生存的大气环境带来了严重的危害。汽车尾气用NOx传感器开发主要是为了解决NOx(包括NO,NO2)的排放问题,能够实现准确、快速地测定NOx含量,从而满足大气质量检测和环境保护的要求。目前,NOx气体传感器主要有半导体型、电位型和电流型。主要介绍了这3种汽车用NOx传感器的原理、结构及应用,并简要分析了其向微型化、集成化和智能化等方向发展的趋势。     

汽车氧传感器电压输出特性研究

在理论上,汽车氧传感器电压输出特性可用能斯特方程进行计算和描述,但在实际制造上,由于材料的选取、制造工艺以及工作温度等诸多因素,造成氧传感器的电压输出特性偏离理论曲线,另外,随着汽车氧传感器服役时间的增加,也不可避免地会出现这种偏差。通过试验和研究,提出350℃和850℃是评价汽车氧传感器电压输出特性的关键温度点,评价混合气浓状态λ应选择0.97,稀状态应选择1.10。     

Ultra-low-power components for an RFID Tag with physical and chemical sensors

In this work the development and optimization of the main components for a multisensing flexible Tag with RFID communication capabilities and integrated physical and chemical sensors for logistic datalogging applications will be reported. For this specific scenario, several constraints must be considered: power consumption must be limited for long-term operation, reliable ISO compliant RFID communication must be implemented, and special encapsulation issues must be faced for reliable sensor integration. In this work, the developments on application specific electronic interfaces and on ultra-low-power Metal OXdide semiconductor (MOX) gas sensors will be reported. The electronics for sensor control and readout as well as for RFID communication are based on an ultra-low-power MSP430 microcontroller from Texas Instruments together with a custom RFID front-end based on analog circuitry and a CPLD digital device, and are designed to guarantee a passive ISO15693 compliant RFID communication in a range up to 6 cm. A thin film battery for sensor operation is included, thus data acquisition and storage can be accomplished when no reader field is present. This design allows the user to access both the traceability and sensor information even when the on-board battery is exhausted. The physical sensors for light, temperature and humidity are commercially available devices, while for chemical gas sensing innovative MOX sensors are developed, based on ultra-low-power micromachined hotplate arrays specifically designed for flexible Tag integration purposes. A single MOX sensor requires only 8.9 mW for continuous operation, while temperature modulation and discontinuous sensor operation modes are implemented to further reduce the overall power consumption. The development of the custom control and RFID front-end electronics, together with innovative ultra-low-power MOX sensor arrays with flexible circuit encapsulation techniques will be described.     

Accurate Assessment of Packaging Stress Effects on MEMS Sensors by Measurement and Sensor–Package Interaction Simulations

In this paper, packaging-induced stress effects are assessed for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors. A packaged MEMS sensor may experience output signal shift (offset) due to the thermomechanical stresses induced by the plastic packaging assembly processes and external loads applied during subsequent use in the field. Modeling and simulation to minimize the stress-induced offset shift are essential for high-precision accelerometers, gyroscopes, and many other MEMS devices. Improvement of plastic package modeling accuracy is accomplished by correlating finite-element analysis package models using measured material properties and package warpage. Using a refined reduced-order MEMS sensor and package interaction model, device offset is simulated, optimized, and compared with data collected from a unique three-axis accelerometer, which uses a single mass for all three axes sensing. As a result, this accelerometer has achieved very low offset in all axes over device operation temperature range of to . Device offset performance was improved by at least five times after the MEMS design optimization as compared with the one prior to the optimization.     

基片式FBG在飞机蒙皮测试中的对称补偿研究

基片式FBG传感器封装结构在应变测试中受到广泛关注,尤其是在航空航天领域,其粘贴方式对监测飞机蒙皮应变具有重要意义。为了提高基片式封装结构的FBG测量飞机蒙皮应变精度,对薄板试验件粘贴基片式FBG传感器进行力学性能研究,实验结果表明传统粘结基片式FBG传感器方式会引起被测薄板材在拉伸过程中产生非线性变形。据此,通过ANSYS有限元分析软件仿真粘贴1 mm传感单元的1.5 mm薄板静态加载过程,并进行静力学有限元优化分析,力学分析及理论推导结果显示,对称粘贴基片式FBG传感单元能够解决应变与波长非线性关系,且能够有效补偿温度对测量的影响。搭建FBG解调系统与MTS力学测试实验系统,实验结果表明,在对称补偿的布点方式下,应变测试线性度为0.998,传感单元应变灵敏度为0.946 pm/με,提高了应变测试精度,可以有效的应用到飞机蒙皮应变测试。     

工业CT在航空机载传感器可靠性提升中的应用

利用工业CT技术对某型航空发动机数控系统的总温传感器故障件进行了检测,从而无损、高效、准确地检测到故障点,并利用其提供的传感器内部信息对故障原因进行了分析,采取了相应的改进措施。通过环境试验验证了改进措施的有效性,表明该型传感器的可靠性得到了显著提高。因此,工业CT为机载传感器的故障检测提供了一种行之有效的新途径、新思路,可以在其可靠性提升上推广应用。     

一种利用函数链神经网络的传感器建模新方法

讨论基于函数链神经网络 (FLNN)的传感器建模新方法 ,其结构简单、使用灵活、建模容易 ,易于实时硬件实现。两个算例说明网络的训练和非线性逼近方法 ,显示出网络的自适应能力、学习能力 ,基于FLNN的传感器模型可同时实现温度补偿和非线性校正。实际上 ,利用这种模型可以跟踪补偿环境改变引起的传感器特性的各种变化 ,在测控系统中具有良好的应用前景。     

压力传感器温度漂移补偿的一种新方法

提出了一种用于压力传感器的温度漂移补偿新方法。该压力传感器中包含了两个灵敏度不同的敏感电桥，它们被制作于同一芯片不同厚度的膜片上。所采用的一种电阻设置新形式，可有效节省芯片面积。通过双桥间的互补，同时消除了压力传感器的热零点漂移和热灵敏度漂移，文中给出了温度漂移补偿的具体算法及相应的实验结果。     

A low-cost inductive proximity sensor for industrial applications

In this paper, we present an inductive proximity sensor with fully integrated electronics. The sensor with the compact hybrid configuration is composed of a sensing flat coil and an integrated electronic interface. We focused during the development on the temperature stability and robustness of the sensor by keeping its low-fabrication cost. The sensor exhibits a longitudinal resolution of 120 nm for an aluminum target position up to 500 μm from the sensing coil with the side size of 3.5 mm. The temperature drift of the sensor is less than 700 ppm/°C for the same range of the target position. The total working range is from 100 to 1500 μm. The sensor power consumption is 100 mW and the active sensor dimensions are 3.5 mm×3.5 mm×1.2 mm. We also showed the facility of the sensor packaging. This kind of integrated sensor has the potential for even more industrial applications.     

Compensation of the temperature-dependent offset drift of a Hall sensor

We present a method to cancel the offset of a Hall sensor and compensate its temperature-dependent drift. We adapt and improve a compensation technique based on a correction using the input voltage. A more accurate compensation for the temperature drift is obtained by an offset calibration at two different temperatures. To decrease the calibration time, we propose a procedure for fast heating of the sensor. It consists of forcing a current pulse through a p-n junction of the sensor. Since the resistance of a forward-biased diode is small, this principle is compatible with low-voltage applications. After correction, the resulting offset is less than two percent of the initial offset over the temperature range −10 to +60°C. The corresponding residual equivalent offset is lower than 250 μT.     

基于雷达及北斗定位的车内防遗监测系统设计

针对近年来车辆驻停后滞留车内人员受高温致死和车内气体污染等伤害的安全问题,设计了一种基于MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)雷达及高精度北斗定位的车内人员防遗监测系统。该系统使用MIMO雷达作为人体探测的手段,采用高精度北斗定位的车辆运动检测方法,融合现有成熟的温度、气体传感器技术、4G通信技术,并使用基于Matlab APP Designer的上位机软件作为硬件配置及测试软件;系统的车载终端硬件系统具有独立、小型化的特点,能在车内多个地方布置,在上位机平台可观察各传感器的数据变化。系统实现了车辆运动检测、车内人体探测、车内环境监测、数据无线上传等功能,验证了系统在车内监测的可行性,为车载生命监测提供了一种独立、便捷、高效的新方法。     

暂态电化学多组份气体传感器研究(I)多孔薄层电极库仑型气体传感器

常见的电化学气体传感器就其工作状态而言,大多属稳态类型,功能单一,传感器性能的提高受到“稳态”的制约,本文根据薄层电化学原理,提出并建立了一类全新的暂态电化学多组份气体传感器－多孔薄层电极库仑型气体传感器。这类以多孔薄层气体电极为核心元件构成的库仑型气体传感器,既有检测多种气体组份的功能,又有响应快、灵敏度高、低温度效应等优异性能。