移动电话用彩色液晶显示器

各液晶显示屏生产厂家已开始加速对移动电话机用彩色液晶显示器的开发。看准将于2001年开始提供服务的W－CDMA（宽带CDMA）方式等移动电话的服务趋势和技术趋势,可以估计出彩色液晶显示器所需求的具体规格（如图1所示）。在移动电话机上装配彩色液晶显示器已经是勿容质疑了。各公司所关心的问题已经集中在如何降低消耗功率及降低成本的技术开发上。不少厂家正打算用反射型或半透射型的STN（SuperTwistedNematic,超扭曲向列型）液晶屏来实现。液晶显示屏生产厂家期望能在2001年～2002年真正普及装有彩色液晶显示器的移动电话机。现在…     

国内外彩色STN-LCD的应用及发展动态

本文介绍了彩色STN-LCD的性能、特点及与其他显示器件的比较，阐述了彩色STN-LCD的应用、国内外发展的动态以及未来的变化的趋势。文中也对国内发展彩色STN-LCD所面临的问题进行了讨论。     

移动电话机用的彩色显示屏

本文讨论了在移动电话机中采用彩色显示屏的必要性，介绍了STN与TFT液晶显示屏的应用状况，并展望了有机EL显示屏的应用前景。     

彩色STN-LCD模块

本文介绍了彩色STN-LCD模块的内部结构、证件部件，以及设计选用要求。     

采用多向非对称微透镜阵光控膜的高亮度反射式彩色STN-LCD

介绍一种多向非对称微透镜阵光控膜（MAMA-LCF），它能把多方向的入射光引入视野，大大增强反射式彩色超扭曲向列相液晶显示器（STN-LCD）的亮度。MAMA-LCF由一个非对称的微透镜阵列构成，覆盖于反射式彩色STN-LCD的前表面，在特定视区内可以获得最大增益约20X的MgO标准白色，而没有可见的莫尔条纹和视差效应。     

移动电话用液晶面板发展动向

液晶显示器的发展历史超过30年以上,一直到十几年前全彩主动式液晶显示器才大量应用在笔记计算机、移动电话等可携式电子产品,其中又以移动电话用液晶显示器的发展更成为全球嘱目的焦点。     

320×240黑白STN-LCD的研制

STN－LCD的背景色易使彩色显示失真，所以黑白STN－LCD的研制是极其重要的。文中介绍了研制黑白模式STN的几种方法及D－STN的结构、工作原理和制造工艺。     

移动电话用显示器技术的发展动向

视具体应用的不同，移动电话可以采用有机EL、STN、TFD（Thin Film Diode，薄膜二极管）、a-Si TFT和LTPS LCD等各类显示器，表1列出了移动电话常用显示器的主要特点。     

STN-LCD技术的发展

介绍了目前人们对改善STN－LCD特性所取得的一些研究进展，主要包括反射式STN－LCD彩色显示，高分辨率STN－LCD用液晶材料，采色STN－LCD用彩色滤光膜，以及STN－LCD用光学膜，如偏振片、相位差补偿膜等。     

Cellular mobile telephones and children

This paper discusses whether children are more vulnerable to cellular phone radiation than adults. Various studies of SAR are considered.     

STN-LCD发展趋势

介绍了显示器件的主要发展趋势,重点介绍了ＡＳＴＮ－ＬＣＤ（超曲向列相液晶显示器）的进步,对ＳＴＮ－ＬＣＤ的市场,也进行了讨论。     

Approximation of aging effect on dielectric tissue properties for SAR assessment of mobile telephones

In electromagnetic dosimetry of children heads for mobile telephones, the dielectric properties of biological tissues for adults are so far being used due to the lack of the ones of children. In this paper, we derived an empirical formula according to Lichtenecker's exponential law for the complex permittivity of various tissues as a function of the hydrated rate or the total body water (TBW). We first examined its validity using the data measured by Peyman et al. for rats, and then applied the formula to the dielectric properties of 7-year-old and 3-year-old child head models by means of the relationship between the TBW and the age. With the dielectric properties for children derived in such an approach, we analyzed numerically the spatial peak specific absorption rate (SAR) for a 900-MHz mobile telephone in adult and child head models. As a result, we found that the dielectric properties for children do not affect significantly the 1- or 10- g averaged spatial peak SAR as well as the penetration depth. The finding could be qualitatively explained as cancellation of the increased conductivity and decreased electric field penetrating into the tissue because of the same degree of increase between the conductivity and permittivity in children compared to adults. Even in an extreme case, the age effect on the spatial peak SAR of dielectric properties is still within 10%.     

Understanding emotions experienced when using a mobile phone in public: The social usability of mobile (cellular) telephones

The widespread and continued growth of mobile telephony within society means that protocols regarding acceptable public use are being continually redefined. In order to understand the different needs and motivations of mobile phone users and to assist with the development of effective policy, it is important first to consider the phone-related behaviours with which people are comfortable and those with which they become annoyed. A survey of 184 young adults was undertaken to explore the relationships between their comfort making and receiving mobile phone calls in different social contexts, their affective responses to public mobile phone use by others, and how such factors relate to key personal attributes and specific beliefs regarding calling behaviour. Mobile phone users differed in the extent to which they felt comfortable making and receiving calls in different social contexts and were less annoyed by others using mobile phones in locations where they themselves felt most comfortable making calls. Three important influences which predicted behavioural measures of phone use were found to be views regarding the application of public restrictions, desire to remain personally contactable and ‘social usability’ or anxiety regarding phone use in the presence of others. User personality and individual attributes such as age and gender were also found to be differentially associated with some aspects of phone-related behaviours.     

Realistically tilted and truncated anatomically based models of thehuman head for dosimetry of mobile telephones

Realistically tilted models of the human head have been developed to improve the accuracy of the numerical simulation of coupling between the human head and cellular telephones for the likely tilted positions of the antennas vis a vis the head. A “best fitting” technique is used to rotate an approximately 2×2×3 mm resolution model of the human head based on MRI scans of a male volunteer so that the handset may be modeled in the vertical position without stairstep approximation. With this technique, it is possible to move the head with six degrees of freedom in space, instead of the usual three, due to the simple translation thereby allowing a more realistic analysis of the EM coupling between cellular telephones and the human head. Furthermore, to avoid the problem of the large amount of computer memory required for the whole head simulations, we introduced new truncated head models, and the possibility of using them was carefully analyzed. Comparisons of the SAR (specific absorption rate) distributions show that it should be possible to use half head models at 835 MHz and even smaller one-third head models at the personal communications services (PCS) frequency of 1900 MHz. It is shown that, by using the truncated one-third model, it is possible to run with just 42 Mbytes of memory a case that originally needed 85 Mbytes. The truncated models should help to render these large SAR analyses possible by most of the commonly available workstations     

Slot antenna for hand held mobile telephones showing significantlyreduced interaction with the human body

A new conformal antenna for hand held mobile telephones is proposed. The slot antenna is investigated with a modified method of moments. It enables an accurate modelling of the slot and of any case structure to calculate input impedance as well as electric and magnetic near and far fields taking the influence of the user's head and hand into consideration. The interaction with the human body can significantly be reduced     

超扭曲向列型液晶显示器的光学特性

用 Frank 的连续弹性体理论和光学“4×4”矩阵法,研究和计算了STN-LCD 的光学性质,包括光透过率与外加电压、视角、波长的关系。计算表明:(1)较大的弹性比 K_(33)/K_(11),较小的 K_(22)/K_(11),较小的介电各向异性Δε,较小的预倾角θ_0将会提高 STN-LCD 的多路寻址能力;(2)T 随视角的交化很小,说明STN-LCD 具有宽的观看范围。明显优于 TN-LCD;(3)减小光学参量Δ_n·d 和改变偏振片的放置可以消除 STN-LCD 的固有色散(OMI-LCD),但这是以牺牲多路寻址能力为代价的。     

TN和STN—LCD制造技术

本文从生产角度概要介绍当前液晶显示器件市场的主要产品 TN 和STN-LCD 制造中的一些基本工艺和技术问题。     

移动宽带技术的演进路线及解决方案

介绍了移动宽带通信技术发展的历程,阐述了3GPP、3GPP2和LTE3种主流移动宽带技术的演进路线．对移动宽带和固定宽带技术在性能和网络构架上进行了比较,并就移动宽带网络建设方案和应用场景进行了探讨。     

STN-LCD盒厚的控制方法

本文从STN－LCD的构造、材料选择、制作工艺及环境管理等方面，综合介绍了STN－LCD盒厚均匀性的有效控制方法。