共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This study presents a novel three-dimensional (3-D) hydrodynamic focusing technique for micro-flow cytometers. In the proposed
approach, the sample stream is initially compressed in the horizontal direction by two sheath flows such that it is constrained
in the central region of the microchannel. The sample stream is then focused in the vertical direction by a second pair of
sheath flows and subsequently passes over a micro-weir structure positioned directly beneath an optical detection system.
The microchannel configuration and operational parameters are optimized by performing a series of numerical simulations to
examine the effects on the sample stream distribution of the vertical and horizontal focusing ratios, the entrance angle of
the second set of sheath flow channels, and the width and depth of the second set of sheath flow channels. The results indicate
that the horizontal and vertical sheath flows successfully constrain the sample stream within a narrow, well-defined region
of the microchannel. Furthermore, the micro-weir structure results in the separation of the cells/particles in the vertical
direction and ensures that they flow in a sequential fashion through the detection region of the microchannel and can therefore
be reliably counted. It is shown that the 3-D focusing technique can achieve a focused sample stream width of between 6 and
15 μm given an appropriate value of the horizontal focusing ratio. Thus, the viability of the microflow cytometer for the
counting and detection of individual biological cells is confirmed. 相似文献
2.
Novel continuous particle sorting in microfluidic chip utilizing cascaded squeeze effect 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Che-Hsin Lin Cheng-Yan Lee Chien-Hsiung Tsai Lung-Ming Fu 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2009,7(4):499-508
This article presents a novel technique for the continuous sorting and collection of microparticles in a microfluidic chip
using a cascaded squeeze effect. In the proposed approach, microparticles of different sizes are separated from the sample
stream using sheath flows and are then directed to specific side channels for collection. The sheath flows required to separate
the particles are generated using a single high voltage supply integrated with a series of variable resistors designed to
create electric fields of different intensities at different points of the microchip. Numerical simulations are performed
to analyze the electrical potential contours and flow streamlines within the microchannel. Experimental trials show that the
microchip is capable of continuously separating microparticles with diameters of 5, 10 and 20 μm, respectively. To further
evaluate the performance of the microchip, a sample composed of yeast cells and polystyrene beads is sorted and collected.
The results indicate that the microchip achieves a recovery ratio of 87.7% and a yield ratio of 94.1% for the yeast cells
and therefore attains a comparable performance to that of a large-scale commercial flow cytometer. Importantly, the high performance
of the microchip is achieved without the need for a complex control system or for sophisticated actuation mechanisms such
as embedded microelectrodes, ultrasonic generators, or micropumps, and so forth. 相似文献
3.
Ho-Cheng Lee Hui-Hsiung Hou Ruey-Jen Yang Che-Hsin Lin Lung-Ming Fu 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2011,11(4):469-478
A novel microflow cytometer is proposed in which the sample stream is focused initially in the horizontal (X–Y) plane by two
sheath flows and is then focused in the vertical (Y–Z) plane by a sequential micro-weir structure before entering the detection
region of the device. The proposed device is fabricated using a modified glass fabrication process, and is then characterized
both numerically and experimentally using fluorescent polystyrene beads with diameters of 7 and 15 μm, respectively. The experimental
and numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the hydrodynamic sheath flows in centralizing the particles in the horizontal
plane prior to entering the sequential micro-weir structure. Furthermore, it is shown numerically that the micro-weir structure
confines the particle stream to the center of the vertical plane such that the particles pass through the detection region
in a one-by-one fashion can be counted with a high degree of reliability. The experimental results confirm that the proposed
3-D focusing scheme enables the fluorescent beads with different diameters to be reliably sorted and counted. 相似文献
4.
Ryota Aoki Masumi Yamada Masahiro Yasuda Minoru Seki 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2009,6(4):571-576
We present herein microfluidic systems to continuously focus the positions of flowing particles onto the center of a microchannel,
which is indispensable to various applications for manipulating particles or cells such as flow cytometry and particle-based
bioassay. A scheme called ‘hydrodynamic filtration’ is employed to repeatedly split fluid flows from a main stream, while
remaining particles in the main stream. By re-injecting the split flows into the main channel, these flows work as sheath
flows, focusing the positions of the particles onto the center of the microchannel without the help of sheath flows or complicated
devices generating physical forces. In this study, we proposed two schemes, and compared the focusing efficiencies between
the two schemes using particles 5.0 μm in diameter. Also, we confirmed that the flow speed did not affect the focusing efficiency,
demonstrating the versatility and applicability of the presented systems.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
5.
C. F. Kung C. F. Chiu C. F. Chen C. C. Chang C. C. Chu 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2009,6(5):693-697
This study aims to identify distinct blood flow characteristics in a microchannel at different sloping angles. The channel
is determined by a bottom hydrophilic stripe on a glass substrate and a fully covered hydrophobic glass substrate. The channel
has a height of 3 μm, and a width of 100 μm. It is observed that increasing the sloping angle from −90° (downward flow) to
90° (upward flow) increases the blood flow rate monotonically. These peculiar behaviors on the micro scale are explained by
a dynamic model that establishes the balance among the inertial, surface tension, gravitational, and frictional forces. The
frictional force is further related to the effective hematocrit. The model is used to calculate the frictional force, and
thus the corresponding hematocrit, which is smaller when the blood flows upward, reducing the frictional force. 相似文献
6.
We present a deposited microbead plug (DMBP)-based microfluidic chip capable of performing plasma extraction and on-chip immunoassay.
The DMBP used as a porous blood filter provides pure blood plasma without the contamination of blood cells or beads. Capillary-driven
flow eliminates the requirement of external pumps. The human IgG and goat anti-human IgG sample-to-answer assay was performed
in this chip within 600 s using only a 10 μl whole-blood sample. This easy-to-use, rapid, inexpensive, and disposable DMBP-based
chip holds a great promise for point-of-care application. 相似文献
7.
This study presents a sheathless and portable microfluidic chip that is capable of high-throughput focusing bioparticles based
on 3D travelling-wave dielectrophoresis (twDEP). High-throughput focusing is achieved by sustaining a centralized twDEP field
normal to the continuous through-flow direction. Two twDEP electrode arrays are formed from upper and lower walls of the microchannel
and extend to its center, which induce twDEP forces to provide the lateral displacements in two directions for focusing the
bioparticles. Bioparticles can be focused to the center of the microchannel effectively by twDEP conveyance when the characteristic
time due to twDEP conveying in the y direction is shorter than the residence time of the particles within twDEP electrode
array. Red blood cells can be effectively focused into a narrow particle stream (~10 μm) below a critical flow rate of 10 μl/min
(linear flow velocity ~5 mm/s), when under a voltage of 14 Vp–p at a frequency of 500 kHz is applied. Approximately 90% focusing efficiency for red blood cells can be achieved within two
6-mm-long electrode arrays when the flow rate is below 12 μl/min. Blood cells and Candida cells were also focused and sorted successfully based on their different twDEP mobilities. Compared to conventional 3D-paired
DEP focusing, velocity is enhanced nearly four folds of magnitude. 3D twDEP provides the lateral displacements of particles
and long residence time for migrating particles in a high-speed continuous flow, which breaks through the limitation of many
electrokinetic cell manipulation techniques. 相似文献
8.
Taotao Fu Denis Funfschilling Youguang Ma Huai Z. Li 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2010,8(4):467-475
The present study aims at scaling the formation of slug bubbles in flow-focusing microfluidic devices using a high-speed digital
camera and a micro particle image velocimetry (μ-PIV) system. Experiments were conducted in two different polymethyl methacrylate
square microchannels of respectively 600 × 600 and 400 × 400 μm. N2 bubbles were generated in glycerol–water mixtures with several concentrations of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate. The influence
of gas and liquid flow rates, the viscosity of the liquid phase and the width of the microchannel on the bubble size were
explored. The bubble size was correlated as a function of the width of the microchannel W
c, the ratio of the gas/liquid flow rates Q
g/Q
l and the liquid Reynolds number. During the pinch-off stage, the variation of the minimum width of the gaseous thread W
m with the remaining time could be scaled as
_boxclose_boxclose ()^ - 0.15 (T - t)^1/3 . W_{\text{m}} \propto ({\frac{{Q_{\text{g}} }}{{Q_{\text{l}} }}})^{ - 0.15} (T - t)^{1/3} . The velocity fields in the liquid phase around the thread, determined by μ-PIV measurements, were obtained around a forming
bubble to reveal the role of the liquid phase. 相似文献
9.
Microchannel emulsification for mass production of uniform fine droplets: integration of microchannel arrays on a chip 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Isao Kobayashi Yoshihiro Wada Kunihiko Uemura Mitsutoshi Nakajima 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2010,8(2):255-262
We present a novel microchannel emulsification (MCE) system for mass-producing uniform fine droplets. A 60 × 60-mm MCE chip
made of single-crystal silicon has 14 microchannel (MC) arrays and 1.2 × 104 MCs, and each MC array consists of many parallel MCs and a terrace. A holder with two inlet through-holes and one outlet
through-hole was also developed for simply infusing each liquid and collecting emulsion products. The MCE chip was sealed
well by physically attaching it to a flat glass plate in the holder during emulsification. Uniform fine droplets of soybean
oil with an average diameter of 10 μm were reliably generated from all the MC arrays. The size of the resultant fine droplets
was almost independent of the dispersed-phase flow rate below a critical value. The continuous-phase flow rate was unimportant
for both the droplet generation and the droplet size. The MCE chip enabled mass-producing uniform fine droplets at 1.5 ml h−1 and 1.9 × 109 h−1, which could be further increased using a dispersed phase of low viscosity. 相似文献
10.
Masoomeh Tehranirokh Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis Badariah Bais 《Microsystem Technologies》2009,15(5):753-762
In drug delivery systems microvalves are the key components that have been developed for active control of drugs. In this
research a normally closed microvalve with a glucose sensitive hydrogel actuating system is designed and simulated. Swelling
of the hydrogel forces a silicone rubber membrane to deflect and causes the valve to be opened. The component of the valve
that can be opened because of the hydrogel pressure is a silicon nitride cantilever beam which is sealed with a parylene layer.
Simulations have been done by FEM analysis and the results show that membrane deflection is large enough to enable the valve
to be opened and the fluid to flow through the microchannel. For both rectangular and trapezoidal microchannels with various
hydraulic diameters, output flow rates less than 50 μl/min to several hundreds of μl/min can be achieved. Final design has
been optimized for the opening point of microvalve at glucose concentration of 15 mM. Overall investigation has been done
for a microvalve with specific dimensions and with 4 kPa input pressure the output flow rate of 100 μl/min has been generated
which is in the desired range. 相似文献
11.
Towards a continuous microfluidic rheometer 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Pierre Guillot Thomas Moulin Roman Kötitz Matthieu Guirardel Arash Dodge Mathieu Joanicot Annie Colin Charles-Henri Bruneau Thierry Colin 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2008,5(5):619-630
In a previous paper we presented a way to measure the rheological properties of complex fluids on a microfluidic chip (Guillot
et al., Langmuir 22:6438, 2006). The principle of our method is to use parallel flows between two immiscible fluids as a pressure
sensor. In fact, in a such flow, both fluids flow side by side and the size occupied by each fluid stream depends only on
both flow rates and on both viscosities. We use this property to measure the viscosity of one fluid knowing the viscosity
of the other one, both flow rates and the relative size of both streams in a cross-section. We showed that using a less viscous
fluid as a reference fluid allows to define a mean shear rate with a low standard deviation in the other fluid. This method
allows us to measure the flow curve of a fluid with less than 250 μL of fluid. In this paper we implement this principle in
a fully automated set up which controls the flow rate, analyzes the picture and calculates the mean shear rate and the viscosity
of the studied fluid. We present results obtained for Newtonian fluids and complex fluids using this set up and we compare
our data with cone and plate rheometer measurements. By adding a mixing stage in the fluidic network we show how this set
up can be used to characterize in a continuous way the evolution of the rheological properties as a function of the formulation
composition. We illustrate this by measuring the rheological curve of four formulations of polyethylene oxide solution with
only 1.3 mL of concentrated polyethylene oxide solution. This method could be very useful in screening processes where the
viscosity range and the behavior of the fluid to an applied stress must be evaluated. 相似文献
12.
Hyperthermia affects certain regulatory proteins, kinases or cyclins, resulting in alternations to the cell cycle and even
to apoptosis. Damage to the cell plasma membrane is a key factor in the killing of a cell by hyperthermia. Analysis at the
single-cell level is necessary for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of hyperthermia-induced cell death and the generation
of thermotolerance in surviving cells. Engineering approaches achieving precise control of cellular micropatterning provide
the potential for investigating the mechanisms of thermal injury to cells at the single-cell level. The main purpose of this
study is to fabricate a hydrogel chip with microwells for cellular patterning and to demonstrate the feasibility of measurement
of supraphysiological thermal injury in human carcinoma cells (HeLa cells) at the single-cell level. To accomplish this, measurement
of membrane injury by dye leakage post-thermal insult was performed and reported in this work. A hydrogel chip with microwells
with different diameters was fabricated. For cell concentrations at 0.5 × 106 cells/mL, the occupancy of cells on the microchip with 40 μm microwells was up to 86.6%, a value far higher than that found
on the 30 μm microwells (approximately 78.5%). Most microwells of 30 μm in diameter (about 70%) were occupied by a single
cell; hence, the hydrogel chip with 30 μm microwells was suitable for the applications of single-cell-based analysis. The
fluorescent images showed that calcein leakage occurred when cell membranes were damaged under supraphysiological temperatures
between 43 and 50°C. The normalized intensity of calcein decreased to 32% under a supraphysiological temperature of 43°C for
20 min. The intensity of calcein in cells was less than 20% under a supraphysiological temperature of 50°C. The feasibility
of the single-cell-based experiment of thermal injury in the microchip with hydrogel microwells was therefore successfully
demonstrated. 相似文献
13.
This paper describes the design and fabrication of a guide block and micro probes, which were used for a vertical probe card
to test a chip with area-arrayed solder bumps. The size of the fabricated guide block was 10 mm × 6 mm. The guide block consisted
of 172 holes to insert micro probes, 2 guide holes for exact alignment, and 4 holes for bolting between the guide block and
the housing of a PCB. Pitch and size of the inserting holes were 80 μm, and 90 μm × 30 μm, respectively. A silicon on insulator
wafer was used as the substrate of the guide block to reduce micro probes insertion error. The micro probes were made of nickel–cobalt
(Ni–Co) alloy using an electroplating method. The length and thickness of the micro probes were 910 and 20 μm, respectively.
A vertical probe card assembled with the fabricated guide block and micro probes showed good x–y alignment and planarity errors within ±4 and ±3 μm, respectively. In addition, average leakage current and contact resistance
were approximately 0.35 nA and 0.378 ohm, respectively. The proposed guide block and micro probes can be applied to a vertical
probe card to test a chip with area-arrayed solder bumps. 相似文献
14.
High-current density DC magenetohydrodynamics micropump with bubble isolation and release system 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
One of the major challenges for integrated Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) systems is the precise control of fluid flow in a micro-flow
cell. Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) micropumps which contain no moving parts and capable of generating a continuous flow in any
ionic fluid offer an ideal solution for biological applications. MHD micropumping has been demonstrated by using both AC and
direct current (DC) currents by a number of researchers with varying degrees of success. However, current MHD designs based
on DC do not meet the flow rate requirements for fully automated LOC applications (>100 μl/min). In this research, we introduce
a novel DC-based MHD micropump which effectively increases flow rate by limiting the effects of electrolysis generated bubbles
at the electrode–electrolyte interface through isolation and a mechanism for their release. Gas bubbles, particularly, hydrogen
generated by high current density at the electrodes are the main culprit in low experimental flow rate compared with theoretical
values. These tiny bubbles coalesce in the flow channel thus obstructing the flow of fluid. Since hydrolysis is inevitable
with DC excitation, compartmentalized electrode channels with bubble isolating and coalescence retarding mechanisms and bubble
release systems are implemented to prevent the coalescence of these bubbles and minimize their effects on flow rate. In this
novel design called bubble isolation and release system, flow rate of up to 325 μl/min is achieved using 1 M NaCl solution
in DC mode with potentials of 5 V and current density of about 5,000 A/m2 for a main channel of 800 μm × 800 μm cross-section and 6.4 mm length. 相似文献
15.
We developed a new approach for particle separation by introducing viscosity difference of the sheath flows to form an asymmetric focusing of sample particle flow. This approach relies on the high-velocity gradient in the asymmetric focusing of the particle flow to generate a lift force, which plays a dominated role in the particle separation. The larger particles migrate away from the original streamline to the side of the higher relative velocity, while the smaller particles remain close to the streamline. Under high-viscosity (glycerol–water solution) and low-viscosity (PBS) sheath flows, a significant large stroke separation between the smaller (1.0 μm) and larger (9.9 μm) particles was achieved in a sample microfluidic device. We demonstrate that the flow rate and the viscosity difference of the sheath flows have an impact on the interval distance of the particle separation that affects the collected purity and on the focusing distribution of the smaller particles that affects the collected concentration. The interval distance of 293 μm (relative to the channel width: 0.281) and the focusing distribution of 112 μm (relative to the channel width: 0.107) were obtained in the 1042-μm-width separation area of the device. This separation method proposed in our work can potentially be applied to biological and medical applications due to the wide interval distance and the narrow focusing distribution of the particle separation, by easy manufacturing in a simple device. 相似文献
16.
Cheng-Che Chung I-Fang Cheng Chi-Chang Lin Hsien-Chang Chang 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2011,10(2):311-319
We studied an imaging-based technique for the rapid quantification of bio-particles in a dielectrophoretic (DEP) microfluidic
chip. Label-free particles could be successively sorted and trapped in a continuous flow manner under the applied alternating
current (AC) conditions. Both 2 and 3 μm polystyrene beads at a concentration of 1.0 × 107 particles ml−1 could be rapidly quantified within 5 min in our DEP system. Capturing efficiencies higher than 95% could be 2 μm polystyrene
beads with a linear flow speed, applied voltage and frequency of 0.89 mm s−1, 20 Vp-p and 5 MHz. Yeast cells (Candida glabrata and Candida albicans) could also be captured even at a lower concentration of 2.5 × 105 cells ml−1. Images of aggregative particles taken from the designed trapping area were further processed based on the intensity of relative
greyscale followed by correction of the particle numbers. The imaging-based quantification method showed higher agreement
than that of the conventional counting chamber method and proved the stability and feasibility of our AC DEP system. 相似文献
17.
This paper develops novel polymer transformers using thermally actuated shape memory polymer (SMP) materials. This paper applies
SMPs with thermally induced shape memory effect to the proposed novel polymer transformers as on-chip microfluidic vacuum
generators. In this type of SMPs, the morphology of the materials changes when the temperature of materials reaches its glass
transition temperature (T
g). The structure of the polymer transformer can be pre-programmed to define its functions, which the structure is reset to
the temporary shape, using shape memory effects. When subjected to heat, the polymer transformer returns to its pre-memory
morphology. The morphological change can produce a vacuum generation function in microfluidic channels. Vacuum pressure is
generated to suck liquids into the microfluidic chip from fluidic inlets and drive liquids in the microchannel due to the
morphological change of the polymer transformer. This study adopts a new smart polymer with high shape memory effects to achieve
fluid movement using an on-chip vacuum generation source. Experimental measurements show that the polymer transformer, which
uses SMP with a T
g of 40°C, can deform 310 μm (recover to the permanent shape from the temporary shape) within 40 s at 65°C. The polymer transformer
with an effective cavity volume of 155 μl achieved negative pressures of −0.98 psi. The maximum negative up to −1.8 psi can
be achieved with an effective cavity volume of 268 μl. A maximum flow rate of 24 μl/min was produced in the microfluidic chip
with a 180 mm long channel using this technique. The response times of the polymer transformers presented here are within
36 s for driving liquids to the end of the detection chamber. The proposed design has the advantages of compact size, ease
of fabrication and integration, ease of actuation, and on-demand negative pressure generation. Thus, this design is suitable
for disposable biochips that need two liquid samples control. The polymer transformer presented in this study is applicable
to numerous disposable microfluidic biochips. 相似文献
18.
Dietrich Kohlheyer Sandeep Unnikrishnan Geert A. J. Besselink Stefan Schlautmann Richard B. M. Schasfoort 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2008,4(6):557-564
This paper describes a microfluidic chip in which two perpendicular laminar-flow streams can be operated to sequentially address
the surface of a flow-chamber with semi-parallel sample streams. The sample streams can be controlled in position and width
by the method of electrokinetic focusing. For this purpose, each of the two streams is sandwiched by two parallel sheath flow
streams containing just a buffer solution. The streams are being electroosmotically pumped, allowing a simple chip design
and a setup with no moving parts. Positioning of the streams was adjusted in real-time by controlling the applied voltages
according to an analytical model. The perpendicular focusing gives rise to overlapping regions, which, by combinatorial (bio)
chemistry, might be used for fabrication of spot arrays of immobilized proteins and other biomolecules. Since the patterning
procedure is done in a closed, liquid filled flow-structure, array spots will never be exposed to air and are prevented from
drying. With this device configuration, it was possible to visualize an array of 49 spots on a surface area of 1 mm2. This article describes the principle, fabrication, experimental results, analytical modeling and numerical simulations of
the microfluidic chip. 相似文献
19.
Chia-Wen Tsao Song Tao Chien-Fu Chen Jikun Liu Don L. DeVoe 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2010,8(6):777-787
We developed a method of interfacing microfluidics with mass spectrometry (MS) using a robotic spotting system to automate
the contact spotting process. We demonstrate that direct and automated spotting of analyte from multichannel microfluidic
chips to a custom microstructured MALDI target plate was a simple, robust, and high-throughput method for interfacing parallel
microchannels using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Using thermoplastic cyclic olefin
copolymer (COC) polymer microfluidic chips containing eight parallel 100 μm × 46 μm microchannels connected to a single input
port, spotting volume repeatability and MALDI-MS signal uniformity are evaluated for a panel of sample peptides. The COC microfluidic
chips were fabricated by hot embossing and solvent bonding techniques followed by chip dicing to create open ends for MS interfacing.
Using the automatic robotic spotting approach, microfluidic chip-based reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) separations
were interfaced with electrochemically etched nanofilament silicon (nSi) target substrate, demonstrating the potential of
this approach toward chip-based microfluidic separation coupled with matrix-free laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. 相似文献
20.
This study presents a particle manipulation and separation technique based on dielectrophoresis principle by employing an
array of isosceles triangular microelectrodes on the bottom plate and a continuous electrode on the top plate. These electrodes
generate non-uniform electric fields transversely across the microchannel. The particles within the flowing fluid experience
a dielectrophoretic force perpendicular to the fluid flow direction due to the non-uniform electric fields. The isosceles
triangular microelectrodes were designed to continuously exert a small dielectrophoretic force on the particles. Particles
experiencing a larger dielectrophoretic force would move further in the perpendicular direction to the fluid flow as they
traveled past each microelectrode. Polystyrene microspheres were used as the model particles, with particles of ∅20 μm employed
for studying the basic characteristics of this technique. Particle separation was subsequently demonstrated on ∅10 and ∅15 μm
microspheres. Using an applied sinusoidal voltage of 20 Vpp and frequency of 1 MHz, a mean separation distance of 0.765 mm between them was achieved at a flow rate of 3 μl/min (~1 mm/s),
an important consideration for high throughput separation capability in a micro-scale technology device. This unique isosceles
triangular microelectrodes design allows heterogeneous particle populations to be separated into multiple streams in a single
continuous operation. 相似文献