孕育剂的生产应用研究

为避免因被孕育的铁液在浇包中停留时间过长而导致的孕育衰退,使铸件产生麻口和白口、降低铸件综合力学性能的现象的发生,通过用硅钡复合孕育剂取代75SiFe孕育剂孕育铁液,在相同生产工艺条件下,进行消除白口倾向作用的大小、抗孕育衰退的能力、力学性能对比、阶梯试块作壁厚敏感性试验、应力框铸造收缩应力试验等生产工艺性试验对比。结果表明,硅钡复合孕育剂孕育长效,衰退速率低,白口倾向小,石墨化能力强,改善了石墨形态,可明显增强铁液抗孕育衰退的能力,提高了铸件的综合力学性能。     

用于小型薄壁灰铸铁铸件的复合孕育方法

介绍了在中频炉熔炼及废钢+增碳剂+回炉料配料条件下,生产小型薄壁灰铸铁件的复合孕育方法.该孕育方法将SiSr孕育剂与SiFe复合使用,能有效确保A型石墨析出、改善断面组织的均匀性、减少白口倾向,因而既能强化孕育效果,又能降低生产成本.     

二次孕育对大断面球铁组织及性能的影响

介绍了4种不同类型的二次孕育剂对模拟尺寸为φ590 mm×800 mm的大断面球墨铸铁的组织及性能的影响。结果表明,二次孕育工艺对球铁尤其是大断面球铁的石墨及力学性能均有良好的改善作用;利用Si-Ba-Ca孕育剂进行孕育处理后再添加0.15%的该孕育剂作为二次孕育处理,可改善铸件组织及提高铸件力学性能;S-O孕育剂和Si-Ba-Ca孕育剂的效果相对较好,模拟铸件中碎块状石墨区域明显减少、石墨球形态圆整、球化率较高,还可以有效避免孕育衰退,使铸件获得较好的微观组织和最佳的综合力学性能。     

含锑复合孕育剂对可锻铸铁的作用

研究了含锑复合孕育剂对可锻铸铁白口倾向,退火石墨化速度,石墨的数量,大小及形状,基体组织以及机械性能的影响.试验结果表明:采用锑、铋这两个促进铸态白口倾向的元素和铝、钡硅铁这二种促进退火石墨化的组无复合孕育处理可锻铸铁,可以获得满意的综合效果.     

薄壁铸铁件型内/过滤器孕育的效率

本项目的目标在于开发一种将孕育与过滤器结合起来的系统用于薄壁铸铁件。这种方法能有效地消除白口，改善力学性能和铸铁的加工性能，同时又能提供有效的过滤。这种方法也能减少生产工序及利于自动化，因此能降低生产成本。测试的孕育过滤系统有效地降低了白口，改善了石墨形态。铸铁的清洁度通过对试验板和实验铸件的检测得以验证。得到的结果支持了这样的结论：开发的孕育一过滤集合体提供了一种生产洁净、良好孕育的薄壁铸件的方法。     

稀土复合孕育可锻铸铁快速退火研究

研究了稀土复合孕育对可锻铸铁白口倾向、铸态组织、初生石墨、第一第二阶段石墨化退火过程、石墨数量形状和分布、基体组织及机械性能的影响。初步探讨了稀土复合孕育剂合金元素的作用机理。结果表明,稀土复合孕育处理可锻铸铁可显著缩短石墨化退火时间。     

用稀土钙钡和FeSi75复合孕育处理改善气缸盖的组织和性能

用稀土钙钡和FeSi75复合孕育剂孕育处理气缸盖，能显著减小铸件的白口倾向，增加共晶团数，提高铸件的强度，同时硬度变化不大，气缸盖可获得优良的综合力学性能，渗漏率从60％降至10％以下     

孕育剂对灰铸铁件不同性能的影响

灰铸铁添加合金元素后,结构复杂的铸件在铸造缺陷处试压过程中渗漏或使用过程中漏油,白口倾向导致机械加工性能恶化。用合适的孕育剂进行孕育是消除铸件铸造缺陷和改善铸件切削性能的重要措施。在保证冶金质量的前提下,在铁硅孕育剂的基础上添加其它元素的复合孕育剂进行孕育可以显著提高铸件的力学性能。配合铸造工艺,一些孕育剂对技术要求高的灰铸铁件进行孕育可以同时提高铸件的铸造性能、机械加工性能和力学性能。     

稀土类孕育剂在薄壁复杂铸铁件上的应用研究

以1#稀土硅铁为主熔制的稀土类孕育剂抗衰退性能强,具有促进石墨化和激冷倾向双重作用;在相同试验条件下,稀土复合孕育剂的效果优于单一孕育剂,不仅提高铸件的强度,而且改善铸件的组织.该类孕育剂在薄壁复杂铸铁件批量生产中,可用来代替部分合金,降低生产成本.     

高碳当量灰铸铁孕育剂的试验与应用

提出了生产电机端盖薄壁灰铁件对孕育剂的要求。在生产条件下进行试验，确定硅钡稀土合金是生产此类铸件效果较好的孕育剂，该孕育剂在高砂型硬度、垂直分型、高碳当量及铸件壁薄等条件下，具有减少白口倾向、降低铸件硬度、加入量少、抗孕育衰退能力强等特点，是高碳当量灰铸铁孕育效果良好的孕育剂。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。