Therapists as parents: Is it good for the children?

How do children experience having a psychotherapist as a parent? Theory and research, in conjunction with the results of a small-scale study (n?=?20), suggest that children harbor both positive and negative feelings: Whereas most children feel that certain skills of their parents (e.g., empathy, tolerance, expertise in handling problems) are of benefit to them, they also decry their parents' tendency to act like a therapist at home, the long hours they work, and the occasional intrusions of patients into their home life. Being a therapist is good for one's children as long as one's professional skills are not applied indiscriminately. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

How good is the radial artery as a bypass graft?

The radial artery is being used with increasing frequency to replace the saphenous vein as a coronary artery bypass graft, on the basis of the belief that it will provide improved long-term patency. Innovative techniques in assessing the ulnar collateral circulation to the hand continue to evolve, giving comfort to the surgeon. Several centres have confirmed that the early results of surgery using the radial artery are similar to those using conventional grafts. Few late graft patency results or clinical data have been reported. Unresolved issues, such as the importance of pathological changes in the radial artery, the prevention of spasm, and the hypoperfusion syndrome, lurk in the background. The role of the radial artery continues to evolve.     

Case-finding instruments for depression. Two questions are as good as many

OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of a two-question case-finding instrument for depression as compared with six previously validated instruments. DESIGN: The test characteristics of a two-question case-finding instrument that asks about depressed mood and anhedonia were compared with six common case-finding instruments, using the Quick Diagnostic Interview Schedule as a criterion standard for the diagnosis of major depression. SETTING: Urgent care clinic at the San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred thirty-six consecutive adult patients without mania or schizophrenia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Measurements were two questions from the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders patient questionnaire, both the long and short forms of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, both the long and short forms of the Book Depression Inventory, the Symptom-Driven Diagnostic System for Primary Care, the Medical Outcomes Study depression measure, and the Quick Diagnostic Interview Schedule. The prevalence of depression, as determined by the standardized interview, was 18% (97 of 536). Overall, the case-finding instruments had sensitivities of 89% to 96% and specificities of 51% to 72% for diagnosing major depression. A positive response to the two-item instrument had a sensitivity of 96% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90-99%) and a specificity of 57% (95% CI 53-62%). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were similar for all of the instruments, with a range of 0.82 to 0.89. CONCLUSIONS: The two-question case-finding instrument is a useful measure for detecting depression in primary care. It has similar test characteristics to other case-finding instruments and is less time-consuming.     

Moral education and domains in the classroom: Is nothing as practical as a good theory?

Reviews the book, Education in the moral domain by L. P. Nucci (see record 2001-06857-000). In his book Education in the Moral Domain, Nucci summarizes more than two decades of developmental research indicating that it is impossible to ignore children's active understanding of sociomoral rules in search of simple "habit formation." Instead, he argues, children routinely form complex conceptions of both sociomoral events and adults' legitimate roles in those events and if adults ignore these conceptions it will only undermine their attempts at moral education. In the past, ideas like these were seen as damaging because they suggested that children should "question authority." By contrast, the recent developmental research reviewed in this book indicates that, although children and adolescents do sometimes "question authority," there is a surprising amount of consensus in children's and adults' sociomoral understanding and behavior. This book provides an intellectually compelling summary of recent developmental research on children's sociomoral development with a clear eye on the implications of that work for classroom moral education and the larger moral climate of schools. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Toward improved coronary artery revascularization: is this as good as it gets?

BACKGROUND: The administration of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients sensitive to nimesulide might be hazardous. OBJECTIVE: To assess the tolerance to both acetaminophen (paracetamol) and aspirin in patients with a history of urticaria induced by nimesulide. METHODS: Nine patients with a history of nimesulide intolerance were submitted to single-blind, placebo-controlled peroral challenges with increasing doses of acetaminophen and aspirin. RESULTS: Acetaminophen was tolerated by all patients, whereas two experienced immediate systemic urticaria after the administration of 125 mg of aspirin. CONCLUSION: Acetaminophen and aspirin are well tolerated by most nimesulide-sensitive patients. Since a minority of patients show aspirin sensitivity, tolerance of this agent should always be ascertained by properly performed peroral challenges.     

The provision of a sanctioning system as a public good.

Discusses the limitations of the rational-structural and goal/expectation approaches to the problem of public goods (PGs), presents a new approach—the structural goal/expectation approach—intended to overcome these limitations, and tested 4 predictions derived from the new approach in a study of 48 4-person groups of undergraduates. According to this new approach, members who have realized the undesirable consequence of free riding and the importance of mutual cooperation will cooperate to establish a sanctioning system that assures other members' cooperation instead of trying to induce other members into mutual cooperation directly through cooperative actions. One important condition for their voluntary cooperation in the establishment of a sanctioning system is their realization that voluntarily based cooperation is impossible. In the study, each member of the group was given resource money that they could keep for themselves or contribute to the provision of a PG. The increase in the personal benefit due to one's contribution was reduced to zero, and Ss were not allowed to see each other in person. Some groups were given opportunities to develop a negative sanctioning system that punished the least cooperative group member. The level of punishment depended on the total amount of contribution made by the group members to the sanctioning system, which was separate from the contribution to the original PG. Results support the approach's predictions. (31 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

What is good for the goose is apparently not good for the gander.

A Black psychologist comments on issues raised by W. Mischel (see record 1977-30801-001) that have been treated with benign neglect by White colleagues. Discussion focuses on psychometric assessment of personality in minority groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

What's good for the goose may not be as good for the gander: The benefits of self-monitoring for men and women in task groups and dyadic conflicts.

The authors posit that women can rely on self-monitoring to overcome negative gender stereotypes in certain performance contexts. In a study of mixed-sex task groups, the authors found that female group members who were high self-monitors were considered more influential and more valuable contributors than women who were low self-monitors. Men benefited relatively less from self-monitoring behavior. In an experimental study of dyadic negotiations, the authors found that women who were high self-monitors performed better than women who were low self-monitors, particularly when they were negotiating over a fixed pool of resources, whereas men did not benefit as much from self-monitoring. Further analyses suggest that high self-monitoring women altered their behavior in these negotiations--when their partner behaved assertively, they increased their level of assertiveness, whereas men and low self-monitoring women did not alter their behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

铜精矿矿样品加工、试样处理、样品保存过程中最优条件探索

本文考察了不同制样工具对样品粒度、均匀性的影响、硫酸加入对Cu%测试结果的影响及样品保存方式对测试结果的影响,通过试验找到了各环节操作常见问题,并就问题点提出相应的解决方法,以提高检测结果的准确性。     

As good as it seems? A review of EMDR experimental research.

The article reviews 7 experimental studies that examined eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment. The 7 studies varied greatly in their complexity, their designs, how treatment effects were measured, and their results. Each study is detailed and critically examined. A summary of results is provided as well as suggestions for clinical application and future research. In addition, questions are raised regarding F. Shapiro's (1995) approach to disseminating information about EMDR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Characterization of hemoglobin variants by MALDI-TOF MS using a polyurethane membrane as the sample support

A new method for the sampling and off-site analysis of hemoglobin variants by mass spectrometry is reported. This technique uses a nonporous polyurethane membrane as the collection device and transportation medium of a blood sample for analysis. The same membrane is then used as the MALDI-TOF MS sample support for mass spectrometric analysis. Minimal invasive sample collection is afforded by collecting less than 1 microL of blood using a common lancet device. MALDI-TOF MS is performed directly on the membrane, after washing off the interfering plasma components, followed by the addition of matrix. This reduces the time of analysis and prevents sample loss. Enzymatic digestion can be performed directly on the membrane, using in this case trypsin, allowing for further characterization of the sample. The method is much less invasive compared to drawing blood with a syringe. The sample may be transported to the laboratory by regular mail, and thus the method can serve remote locations. We demonstrate the procedure by characterizing the Hb Shepherds Bush hemoglobin variant, b74-(E18)Gly-->Asp.     

Utility of WAIS–R seven-subtest short form as applied to the standardization sample.

Summary scores from the full Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS–R; D. Wechsler, 1981) and the 7-subtest abbreviated form of the WAIS–R were examined across age and education levels in the standardization sample. Full scale IQ (FSIQ) scores demonstrated the highest comparability between forms, followed by verbal IQ (VIQ) and then performance IQ (PIQ) scores. In comparison with FSIQ and VIQ, correlations between the test versions were consistently lower for PIQ. Lower reliability was found among education groups and tests that included subtests that demonstrated greater variability. Age grouping did not impact the alternative forms reliability. The findings support the use of the 7-subtest short form of the WAIS–R primarily for VIQ and FSIQ summary scores with the additional caution that results from abbreviated scores result in reduced reliability and a larger standard error of measure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)