注气降黏开采稠油的工艺技术措施探讨

稠油生产过程中,应用各种降粘技术措施,降低稠油的黏度,提高稠油流动的速度,达到高效开采的技术要求。注汽降黏开采稠油技术得到广泛地应用,因此,有必要研究注汽降黏开采稠油的工艺技术措施,不断提高稠油油藏的开采效率,促进稠油油藏开发效率的增加。     

稠油油藏热采水平井均衡采油方法

稠油油藏热采水平井均衡采油对于稠油开采有非常重要的作用,一定程度上关系石油资源的有效开发。本文笔者针对稠油油藏热采水平井均衡采油方法进行分析研究,文章中简要阐述稠油油藏和水平井理念,同时也提出稠油油藏热采水平井均衡采油方法在其采油中的具体应用和应用优势,同时也总结稠油油藏热采水平井均衡采油方法的应用问题和解决策略。     

新疆油田稠油开采技术应用综述

我国稠油资源比较丰富,稠油开采技术的应用已经处于一个新的阶段。热力采油方法应用十分普遍,但对塔河以及轮古潜山稠油等部分深层稠油并不适合。稠油冷采技术通常包括稠油出砂冷采,化学降粘开采等。另外也有使用地震方法进行稠油开采的实验。通常由于油藏埋深不同,稠油性质的差异,以及经济收益的高低,开采技术都有可行性和适用范围。国内外在深层稠油开采技术的研究方面,主要实验了注蒸汽工艺、火烧油层工艺、非混相驱技术、重油沥青的反相乳化技术、稠油地下改质技术等。本文简要介绍新疆油田稠油开采技术及新工艺。     

热采开发技术在稠油油藏中的应用

目前稠油开发的主要手段是热力采油,这种开发技术能升高油层温度,降低稠油粘度,从而优化稠油的流动性,达到开采目的。本文首先对JQ稠油油藏地质特征进行了研究,而后分析了蒸汽吞吐技术和蒸汽驱技术在JQ稠油油藏中的应用,希望为热采开发技术在稠油油藏中的应用提供一定的帮助。     

稠油掺稀油开发技术研究

针对稠油开发的技术难度问题,采取掺稀油的开发方式,应用空心杆泵上掺稀油的生产模式,降低了稠油的黏度,提高了稠油的流动速度,降低了稠油流动的摩擦阻力,提高了稠油的开采效率,满足稠油油藏开发的技术要求。     

稠油降粘剂制备方法的研究与进展

本文综述了近年来稠油降粘方法以及化学法稠油降粘剂的制备方法,分别从油溶性稠油降粘剂和水溶性稠油降粘剂展开论述。详细介绍了油溶性稠油降粘剂降粘机理,从缩聚物型、聚合物型、表面活性剂型三方面阐述了油溶性稠油降粘剂的制备方法与应用;水溶性稠油降粘剂机理,从非离子表面活性剂型、阴离子表面活性剂型、阴-非离子表面活性剂型三方面介绍了水溶性稠油降粘剂的制备以及其耐温抗盐的应用。最后对水溶性和油溶性降粘剂进行对比分析各自优点及存在的问题,并且对未来进行总结和展望。     

胜利油田稠油热采开发技术研究进展

针对胜利油田稠油油藏地质特点及开发难点,重点介绍了中深层特超稠油油藏、浅薄层超稠油油藏、敏感性稠油油藏和低渗透稠油油藏等复杂稠油油藏的开发技术,并对其提高采收率机理和现场应用效果进行了总结概括。在此基础上,根据目前研究进展指出了稠油热采开发技术的发展方向,重点介绍了超深层低渗稠油和浅薄层特超稠油的开发技术及其应用。     

浅谈稠油井治理方法

随着稠油开采技术的越加成熟,稠油井产量所占比重越来越大,如何应用成熟的稠油开采技术提高稠油井的生产时率,对于稳产、上产具有重要的意义。本文主要介绍化学药剂法、井筒加热法、热洗法的应用效果及优缺点,从而摸索更经济实用的稠油开采方法。     

新型高效稠油助产添加剂的研究与应用

针对稠油开采中后期,油稠、地层压力低,地下含水高,常规的降粘助排剂效果不理想,研制了新型高效稠油助产添加剂,该剂由多种新型表面活性剂,固体气源药剂、复合催化剂等组成。具有较好的稠油稀化降粘性能及解堵效果,能够迅速补充地层能量,最大限度地发挥该稠油添加剂的助产效率。适用常规稠油开采及特稠油注汽开采。现场应用效果显著,具有广阔的应用前景。     

稠油热采及化学采油技术措施

针对稠油油藏开发实际情况,采取最佳的稠油热采技术措施,结合化学采油技术的应用,提高稠油油藏的开发效率,满足油田生产的技术要求。为了提高稠油热采的效率,采取化学采油技术措施,实施稠油解堵技术,解除稠油油层的堵塞状态,提高了稠油井的产量,满足稠油油藏开发的生产需要。     

Effects of asphaltene content on the heavy oil viscosity at different temperatures

Asphaltene content plays an important role in determining the high viscosity of heavy oil. This paper presents an experimental and theoretical study of the specific effects of asphaltene content on the heavy oil viscosity at different temperatures. In the experiment, a deasphalted heavy oil is obtained by using a standard ASTM method to precipitate asphaltenes from a crude heavy oil. Then eleven reconstituted heavy oil samples are prepared by adding the precipitated asphaltenes into the deasphalted heavy oil at a different asphaltene content each time. The viscosities of such reconstituted heavy oil samples with different asphaltene contents are measured at six different constant temperatures by using a cone-plate viscometer. Theoretically, two viscosity models for a colloidal dispersion system are applied to find the best fit to the experimental data by using non-linear regression. The following four important parameters are thus determined to characterize the reconstituted heavy oil samples: the solvation constant, shape factor, intrinsic viscosity, and maximum packing volume fraction. The detailed non-linear regression results show that the state of asphaltene particles in the heavy oil changes with the asphaltene content and temperature and that this state change strongly affects the heavy oil viscosity.     

稠油掺水输送机理研究

我国的稠油资源极其丰富,目前已探测的储量就高达80亿吨,但由于稠油富含胶质和沥青质,具有粘度高、密度大、流动性差等特征,因此稠油的开发及集输处理的工艺较为复杂。若要大规模地合理开发潜藏的巨大稠油资源,就必须寻求可靠、经济、有效的稠油输送方式。本文通过对国内外常采用的几种稠油降粘输送方式的优缺点比较,对收集到的油样室内流变性实验数据进行研究分析,认为稠油掺水降粘输送具有一定的优势,并找出了稠油及其油水乳状液的流变规律。     

重油热加工技术的研究进展

介绍了国内外各种重质油热加工工艺和发展状况,分析了其特点和适应性。同时,结合我国目前重油加工的现状,基于喷动床造粒原理提出了一种重油热裂解制球形焦的新工艺,为重油热加工的发展提供了新的思路。     

超稠油掺柴油集输水力及热力耦合模型研究

分析适合超稠油掺柴油输送方法的实际条件;在能量守恒的基础上推导出超稠油掺柴油集输过程中压力和温度的耦合方程,并以凤城油田超稠油物性参数做为数据参考,运用迭代法进行计算求解,得出超稠油掺柴油集输管道运行中,在不同混输流量下沿程各个节点的压力和温度。该计算模型能够较好的反应超稠油掺柴油集输过程中管线的水力及热力特性,为稠油掺柴油输送工艺提供了相关的理论基础。     

Heavy oil refining and transportation: effect on the feasibility of increasing domestic heavy oil production

As part of a programme to assess the feasibility of increasing domestic heavy oil production from US reservoirs, a study of the crude oil transportation system and petroleum refining industry has been initiated to determine their ability to accommodate additional domestic heavy oil. This paper summarizes refining trends and potential limitations in the production/transportation/refining network that may influence the expansion of domestic heavy oil production outside the current heavy oil producing areas. Although the number of refineries has decreased over the past decade, the remaining large refineries have been able to stabilize charge capacity and increase refinery throughput. A few refineries have been designed to economically process select heavy oils and obtain acceptable yields of products. However, refiners seek more light sweet crude oil and less sour or heavy crude to meet the requirements of clean fuels as mandated by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Transport of heavy oil poses significant problems in that there are limited heated pipelines, and transport of heavy oil to distant refineries adds to the cost of heavy oil production. Addition of significantly more heavy oil, either domestic or imported, will substantially reduce refinery efficiency and throughput affecting yields and margins. This will not change without significant investment in refinery modification to be able to process heavy oil.     

表面积效应对不同性质原油热力学行为影响研究

针对轻、重质油油藏注空气开发机理,选取典型轻、重质油样进行热重实验,采用改进的Ozawa-Flynn-Wall等转化率法对比分析了不同性质原油三种氧化阶段的热行为和动力学特征,同时探讨了表面积效应对轻、重质原油氧化反应的影响。研究表明：①各氧化阶段之间存在过渡区域,转化率的准确选取对动力学参数至关重要。②轻、重质原油不同氧化阶段的氧化特征存在明显差异,轻质油以低温氧化为主,燃料沉积和高温氧化不显著,且低温氧化、燃料沉积、高温氧化阶段的起始温度更低,更易诱发氧化反应;重质油燃料沉积和高温氧化显著,氧化反应速度更快。③表面积效应导致轻质油低温氧化活化能降低15%以上,峰值温度降低7~17℃。重质油燃料沉积和高温氧化显著增强,燃尽温度下降10~17℃。     

Experimental investigation of foam performance in the presence of crude oil

The foam performance in the presence of oil plays an important role in foam application in enhancing oil recovery. The present study systematically investigated the effect of oil type, oil content, surfactant type, surfactant concentration, alkane chain length, salinity, and polymer concentration on foam performance in both the absence and presence of oil. The results showed that oil viscosity and oil density as well as oil component all contributed to foam performance in the presence of oil. Within a certain oil content, both light oil and heavy oil had a positive effect on foam, but heavy oil had a higher tendency to stabilize the foam. The order of foam performance by different surfactants was changed by the oil. It is noteworthy that heavy oil is detrimental to sodium dibutyl naphthalene sulfonate (BM) foam. Light oil can improve foam performance while heavy oil can harm foam in some specific cases. Lower salinity, longer alkane chain length, higher surfactant concentration and the presence of a polymer all benefited foam in the presence of crude oil.     

超声波处理对辽河油田稠油黏度的影响

采用变幅杆式声化学反应器进行了辽河稠油超声波降黏的实验研究,考察了超声反应时间、反应温度对辽河稠油降黏率的影响,分析了超声波对稠油降黏的可能机理。并考察了在超声作用下含水稠油与脱水稠油降黏率的关系,超声波作用对稠油C_7沥青质和甲苯不溶物的影响。确定了最优的反应条件,稠油经超声反应4.5 h,温度300℃,处理后50℃时降黏效果最佳,且C_7沥青质和甲苯不溶物含量均较低。     

重油与水的乳化实验研究

采用非离子型乳化剂对重油和水共乳化,获得了能在50℃下稳定存放15天以上的乳化重油。研究表明,0.2%用量的乳化剂即可使重油和水有效乳化,90℃下,16%的掺水量,获得的乳化油的热值提高了10.6%。并且,一定比例的调和抽出油可有效的降低乳化油粘度并提高热值,进一步的实验研究尚待开展。     

重质油稳定性的耗散粒子动力学模拟

重质油的稳定性关乎其开采、储运及加工过程安全。准确的重质油稳定性判定方法对重质油生产及加工过程具有重要指导意义,然而重质油稳定性的经验判定法存在一定的局限性。从理论层面建立重质油稳定性的判定方法将提高重质油稳定性的预测准确度,本文基于耗散粒子动力学方法（DPD）模拟了不同重质油体系分子的微观聚集态。模拟结果表明,重质油体系的沥青质聚集率与胶体不稳定指数（C.I.I.）及稳定性判定图的判定结果吻合,验证了模拟体系的准确性。在此基础上,基于DPD模拟结果对C.I.I.及稳定性判定图的局限性进行了讨论,提出了改进的稳定性判定图用于重油稳定的快速判定。提出的重质油稳定性判定方法有望用于实际工业过程。