Fire analyses from mechanical properties

This paper reports a preliminary investigation into the feasibility of determining fire causes by analysis of the tensile properties of metals. Note: This paper is based on studies performed at The Ohio State University. Dr. Guenther is Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, and Director of Engineering, Systems Engineering Associates, Columbus, Ohio. D. L. McGarry is Manager, Metallurgical Engineering; R. P. Shearer is Manager, Electrical Engineering; and R. C. MacCleary is an Electrical Engineer. All are with Systems Engineering Associates, Columbus, Ohio.     

Temperature determination of a fire from mechanical properties

Technology is being developed to illustrate the feasibility of determining the temperature of a fire from the spring constant of a spring. Although preliminary in development, the first tests indicate a relationship between a fire's temperature and the spring constant of a heated spring. This discussion is based on studies performed at The Ohio State University. Note: D. A. Guenther is Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering, The Ohio State University, and Director of Engineering, Systems Engineering Associates. L. G. Goodwin and F. L. Brininger are, respectively, Project Engineer and Manager — Fire Investigation, Systems Engineering Associates, Columbus, Ohio.     

Experimental measurements of the thermal effectiveness of two types of protective clothing for fire fighters

Experiments were conducted to quantitatively assess and compare the thermal effectiveness of two types of lower torso protective clothing, commonly known as a day clothing set and a night clothing set, as a function of the moisture content and tightness of fit. Results were obtained giving the temperature distribution through the clothing sets. Note: Allan T. Kirkpatrick is Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. Henry, Curtis and Alan Adelgren are undergraduate students, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.     

The effect of humidity,air temperature,and wind speed on fine fuel moisture content

A controlled environmental chamber was used to study the effects of relative humidity, air temperature, and wind speed on moisture content of tobosa grass. Prediction equations were developed to show rates of change in fine fuel moisture content and equilibrium fine fuel moisture content for both absorption and desorption. Note: Mr. Britton is a Research Associate at Texas Tech University; Mr. Countryman, a Project Leader, Forest Fire Laboratory, Riverside, California; Dr. Wright, Associate Professor of Range Management, Texas Tech University; and Dr. Walvekar, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering, Texas Tech University. Mr. Britton’s current address is Range Science Department, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas. Note: This paper is College of Agricultural Sciences, Texas Tech University Contribution No. T-9-111.     

户田芳树的视界

东京农业大学造园系客座教授注册景观设计师一级造园施工管理技师二级造园技师出生于日本广岛县尾道市,1970年毕业于东京农业大学造园系．在东京、京都等地从事庭园师的实践活动后,加入城市设计顾问公司（公司法人为黑川纪章）、于1980年成立户田芳树造园设计室,后改名为株式会社户田芳树风景计画,长期以来创作出大量空间线条简单却富有动感的设计作品,尤其注重细节的处理,在整体上营造柔和、温暖的氛围的同时也不失细腻．     

An experimental determination of combustibility

The author describes a laboratory method for determining ignitability, rate of heat release, and total heat release as a measure of the combustibility of materials. The results may be applied to building design and designation of contents with an eye towards reducing the possibility of a major fire. Note: Professor Smith is Director of Chemical Engineering Research, Engineering Experiment Station, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.     

Fire and high buildings

The time necessary to evacuate today’s high-rise buildings in a fire emergency is unsatisfactory from the standpoint of the development of untenable smoke conditions. The Division of Building Research has been working on the problem for several years and suggests several approaches to controlling smoke movement in buildings. Note: Mr. Wilson is Assistant Director of the Division of Building Research, and Mr. Shorter is Head of the Fire Research Section. Note: The authors presented this paper at the 74th Annual Meeting of the National Fire Protection Association in Toronto on May 20, 1970. It is a contribution from the Division of Building Research, National Research Council of Canada and is published with the approval of the Director of the Division.     

An evaluation of the estimates of gross domestic agricultural output as used in input-output studies with particular reference to the western states

One basic task in the construction of an 11 western state multiregional input-output table is the preparation of reliable estimates of the value of gross output for the sectors comprising agriculture.A method which is often employed is to apportion national gross output to each state on the basis of some physical criterion, such as the number in the labor force, the acreage of crops grown, etc. This method has a number of obvious defects and serves only to mask the great regional and state differences in the mix of factors employed in agriculture—a more capital-intensive agriculture employs relatively less labor than a labor-intensive agriculture and productivity can vary greatly (mechanized cotton culture and harvesting in western states versus hand cotton farming in parts of the Southeast).That farm cash receipts are a good indicator of gross agricultural output is the basic assumption in the method presently developed. Cash receipts from farm marketings are readily available for each state, and these data have been published over a long series of years. Inflating farm cash receipts and associated data by a factor offers a simple but as yet unproven method to devise reliable estimates of gross output. Tests are continuing to establish its reliability.This paper is an abridged version of Working Paper No. 1, the first of a series to be undertaken as fulfilling the needs of one phase of a research commitment sponsored by the Western Regional Science Association Ad Hoc Committee on Input-Output. The unabridged Working Paper No. 1 is available from the Department of Agricultural Economics, University of California, Berkeley. Working Paper No. 2, now in preparation, supplements the information in this paper and deals with estimates of gross output of agriculture for four sector in agriculture for each of the 11 western states.Research Assistant, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of California, Berkeley.Postgraduate Agricultural Research Economist, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of California, Berkeley.     

Model experiment of hazardous forest fire whirl

The fluid dynamical scaling laws of forest fires are derived by dimensional analysis and a scale model is constructed to investigate a forest fire which seriously injured several fire fighters. The result of the small-scale experiment indicate that a fire whirl could be generated in such a fire. Note: Mr. Richard I. Emori is with the Mechanical Engineering Department, Seikei University, 3-Kichijoji Kitamachi, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan. Mr. Kozo Saito is a Research Associate with the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.     

Considerations on arcing as a fire cause

It has been concluded in this study that the evidence of arcing is not a sufficient reason to blame electricity as the cause of fire. Note: Dr. Béland is Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Sherbrooke.     

Fire protection system for a hyperbaric chamber

An automatic fire protection system has been developed, installed in a hyperbaric chamber, and tested. The system meets or exceeds previously determined requirements. Note: This report is based on work sponsored by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command and the Naval Ship Systems Command.     

Flame propagation of burning solid material with moisture

The author has developed an analytical model in an effort to determine the effect of moisture on flame propagation. To some degree, the study clarifies the fire controlling mechanism of liquids. Note: Mr. Ying is an Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences.     

A fire station placement model

The authors have constructed an analytical model to solve the fire station placement problem. Quick and ready graphs have been prepared for its application by fire service personnel. Note: Mr. Guild is a member of the Department of Industrial Engineering, and Mr. Rollin is with the Ordnance Research Laboratory.     

Design of buildings for fire safety — Part I

Conventional fire protection practices are examined in the light of recent advances in fire science, and fallacies of the present fire protection philosophy are pointed out. Note: Dr. Harmathy presented this paper at the Second International Fire Protection Engineering Institute held at the University of Maryland, April 27 to May 9, 1975.     

A heat stress monitoring system for fire fighters

A portable lightweight seven-channel radiotelemetry system has been developed, which is capable of monitoring environmental stresses and physiological response of fire fighters exposed to heat stress during fire fighting operations. Note: Dr. Uwe Reischl is connected with the Social Ecology Program at UC, Irvine, and Dr. Peter Reischl is a member of the Biomedical Engineering Department at USC.     

The accumulation of gases on an upper floor during fire buildup

Full-scale tests with rapidly developing and slowly developing fires were conducted in an effort to contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of death by toxic gases in building fires. Note: Dr. Wagner’s present address is Department of Electrical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant GI-12.     

Fire detection in hyperbaric chambers

Hyperbaric chamber environments introduce new problems in fire detection. While the ionized particle detector offers great potential, the current first choice should be suitably modified infrared detectors backed up by ionized particle detectors. The ideal detector for hyperbaric service is yet to be developed. Note: This report is based on work sponsored by the U.S. Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory.     

Fast response sprinklers in patient room fires

The Center for Fire Research conducted a series of tests which examined the use of automatic sprinklers in patient room fires. The fullscale fire tests were conducted in a patient room, corridor, and lobby test arrangement. Center for Fire Research National Engineering Laboratory National Bureau of Standards Note: This paper is a contribution of the National Bureau of Standards and is not subject to copyright.     

Space Tourism: Waiting for Ignition

Space tourism is in its infancy, having been launched a little over a decade ago by billionaire businessman Dennis Tito's venture into Space. Ondřej Doule , Assistant Professor of Human-Centered Design and Aerospace Engineering at the Florida Institute of Technology, and Chair of the Space Architecture Technical Committee at the AIAA, considers the shift that will have to be made in designing Space Architecture as space shuttles and stations transition from being ostensibly high-security labs into floating hotels.     

Space separation for prevention of farm fire spread

Space separation between farm buildings can be calculated to prevent spread of fire by radiation. The method is based on the size and intensity of the radiating source and the permissible intensity of radiation on adjacent building surfaces. A table of recommended minimum distances for different sizes and types of buildings is presented. Note: Based on a paper presented by Professor Moysey at the 1964 Annual Meeting, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Ft. Collins, Colo., June 21–24.