偏心阻振质量阻抑振动波传递特性研究

利用波动理论的分析、处理方法,分析了偏心阻振质量阻抑振动波传递的特性,给出了偏心阻振质量对平面弯曲波传递的阻抑公式;相应的模型实验表明测试数据与理论推导结果趋势一致;并分析了阻振质量连接方式对其隔振性能的影响。借助数值仿真手段,将偏心阻振质量引入水下双壳动力舱段的减振降噪中。结果表明:阻振质量偏心布置时与其固定的船体板中发生波型变换,衍生波产生附加隔声量,且附加隔声量的量值主要取决于波型变换的程度;偏心阻振质量有效的抑制了双壳动力舱段中高频段的声辐射。     

基于FE-SEA混合法的空心阻振质量阻振性能研究

阐述了FE-SEA混合法的基本原理,分别采用FEM、SEA和FE-SEA混合法对带阻振质量薄板结构的振动速度进行预测。通过设计带近似等质量的空心梁与实心梁阻振质量的薄板结构模型实验,对上述三种方法的预测结果进行了验证。通过定义特征尺寸与波长的比值△,找到了各自的控制频域。结果表明:采用Δ作为划分上述三种方法有效频域的指标是可行的;在分析频率8 kHz范围内,空心阻振质量比实心阻振质量的整体阻振效果提高了10 dB左右;尤其是在中高频区的阻振效果更加明显,但在100 Hz以下的低频区阻振效果不如实心阻振质量的好。说明空心阻振质量比实心阻振质量具有更好的应用前景。     

基于分形损失理论的粗糙节理岩体中应力波波速研究

从损伤力学的基本理论出发,推导了应力波在节理岩石中传播波速的解析解,建立了节理面图像分形维数与波速间的关系。为了从数值角度探讨节理面图像维数对波速的影响规律,基于图像每一像素颜色可表示为一个三维空间矢量的基本假定,构建了节理面图像的粗糙“颜色表面”模型,计算了该“颜色表面”的分形维数,此维数即为节理面图像维数,并通过实例验证了该法的可行性。在此基础上,通过数值方法探讨了波速随图像维数的变化规律,研究显示：随着节理面图像维数增大,节理面粗糙程度的增加,应力波波速相应减小,且在不同的图像维数区间里,波速减小的速率也有所不同     

弹载加速度记录仪在冲击环境下的失效研究

在弹体侵彻过程中,首先分析高g值冲击对弹载加速度记录仪的影响,得出应力波作用下加载到弹体内记录仪的加速度值,并研究了加速度记录仪壳体、缓冲材料及电路板的动态结构响应,进而提出可能出现的失效模式：壳体结构的失效、缓冲材料缓冲性能的不足、芯片与PCB板相对运动导致芯片的裂纹。针对各失效模式,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对记录仪各防护单元进行了数值模拟仿真,得出各防护单元失效的临界冲击加速度值: 电路板失效的临界冲击加速度为1.93×104g,当加载冲击加速度为1.63×105g时,壳体发生屈曲;增大冲击加速度至5.63×106g时,缓冲材料失效。经过实弹侵彻试验,得出记录仪在1.5×105g的冲击加速度下失效。该实验结果对后续弹体实际侵彻弹载记录仪的设计及优化提供数据支撑。     

锚杆长度对洞室抗爆性能影响的模型试验研究

摘要: 采用模型试验的方法, 在集中装药爆炸波作用下, 研究了长度不同的锚杆对洞室围岩的抗爆性能的不同影响程度,比较和分析了测点的应力、洞壁表面应变、洞室顶底板相对位移、顶底板及侧墙加速度和围岩宏观破坏形态。结果显示：较长锚杆可以扩大对围岩的加固范围和改变拱顶围岩的受力状态,有效限制围岩的变形,能较好地维护了洞室的稳定性;当锚杆间距一定时,破坏裂纹只是在锚杆加固区域外产生和延伸,试验结果为防护工程及坑道围岩的加固方法提供了参考。     

基于磁流变弹性体的缓冲装置设计及其冲击响应特性研究

利用聚氨酯基磁流变弹性体,结合ANSYS有限元仿真,设计制作了一种剪切式磁流变弹性体缓冲装置。搭建自由跌落冲击试验系统和冲击响应谱试验系统分别测试了该缓冲装置的冲击响应特性,研究了在不同磁场下缓冲装置的缓冲性能。实验结果表明在自由跌落冲击和冲击响应谱两种试验中,所设计的磁流变弹性体缓冲装置都具有较高的缓冲率,且装置的缓冲率随着磁场的增加而增大,表明磁流变弹性体缓冲装置起到了一定的缓冲作用,且可以实现外加电流对其缓冲效果的控制,该研究为磁流变弹性体在半主动/主动隔振缓冲领域的应用做出了有益探索。     

岩石声发射信号能量分布特征的EMD分析

冲击荷载作用下岩石声发射信号具有瞬态性和多样性的特点,属于典型的非平稳信号。利用EMD方法对岩石声发射信号进行分解,得到一系列具有不同特征时间尺度的IMF分量,对每一个平稳的IMF分量提取能量特征。分析结果表明：冲击荷载作用下岩石声发射信号能量主要分布在前4个IMF分量内,且分布不均匀;岩石声发射信号各IMF分量的频谱与原始信号的频谱基本一致;随着岩石的密度、纵波波速、弹性模量的降低,冲击荷载作用下岩石声发射信号的优势频率越来越集中,且其优势频率有往低频发展的趋势;相比小波包分析,EMD分析法对于非平稳信号而言更具适应性。     

正交异性圆锥壳波传播问题的特征线法研究

本文采用广义特征线理论研究正交异性圆锥壳受冲击载荷作用下的波动问题，给出了数值积分采用的相容方程，为具体分析相应问题的波传规律提供了计算模型。     

考虑强液-固耦合效应的发动机液阻悬置动态特性仿真研究

以某轿车发动机液阻悬置为研究对象,运用INTESIM强液-固有限元方法建立了其动态特性分析的强液-固耦合有限元模型,仿真分析了其静、动刚度特性,并和实验结果进行了对比,验证了仿真研究结果的有效性,说明利用INTESIM强液-固耦合有限元方法可以有效的仿真液阻悬置的动态特性。     

基于冲击因子的两个装药延时起爆目标毁伤评估方法研究

在拟合冲击波散逸能量的分布的基础上,利用散逸能量密度、衰减系数等,给出了两个装药延时起爆时冲击载荷的计算方法。通过引入一种新型冲击因子,提出了两个装药延时起爆时水下目标的毁伤评估方法,最后利用试验数据估计出目标毁伤时冲击因子的临界值。结果表明,冲击载荷计算方法正确,冲击因子能较好的反映目标的毁伤情况     

基于模量/应变波耦合特性的FBG碳纤维增强塑料复合材料拉伸断裂监测

从光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）反射中心波长随碳纤维增强塑料复合材料（CFRP）拉伸试件表面应变变化敏感特性的角度,详细研究了拉伸过程中FBG中心波长的拉伸变化速率（即CFRP的宏观弹性模量）与复合材料内部断裂饱和状态的相关性和断裂瞬间试件表面的应变波响应特性,即：在拉伸过程中,CFRP拉伸试件的宏观弹性模量随着内部断裂的发生而不断减小,且在试件出现明显应力松弛状态前趋于平稳;应力松弛状态出现时,断裂区域表面接收的应变波响应略大于其他区域。通过设计相应排布形式,将FBG与CFRP断裂监测相结合,提出了一种基于FBG传感的CFRP断裂分阶段监测方法。该方法中传感探头直接与CFRP试件耦合,测量及传导光路全光纤化,可实现对CFRP断裂状态的绝对监测。     

An assessment of a frictional strain gauge probe for dynamic strain measurement

A probe for the measurement of surface strains on dynamically loaded structures has recently been tested at the National Engineering Laboratory (NEL). The procedure for estimating the amplitude of the conditioned signals from the frictional strain gauge attached to the probe is described and the usefulness of the technique is discussed. Calibration data are presented from comparative tests of the performance of the frictional gauge and bonded gauges on an axially loaded testpiece subjected to sinusoidal and random loading conditions.     

On-line measurement of plastic strain ratio of steel sheet using resonance mode EMAT

We have developed an on-line system for the measurement of plastic strain ratio of steel sheet using a thickness resonance EMAT that measures the thickness resonance frequencies of three different modes of bulk ultrasonic waves. The effective size of the EMAT is small, about 20 mm in diameter. A good correspondence was obtained between the in-plane average Young's modulus measured by this method and the in-plane average plastic strain ratio measured by tensile testing, with a standard deviation smaller than 0.04 in units of plastic strain ratio. The effects of temperature, lift-off, tensile stress, speed of the moving sheet and zinc coats were experimentally and theoretically analyzed. We show that none of them have a sizable effect on the measurement accuracy.     

基于阻抗模型的玻璃棉声学参数反演方法研究

为了能准确获取玻璃棉材料的声学参数,文章对玻璃棉声学参数在不同阻抗模型下的声学参数进行了反演。采用了厚度分别为22 mm和44 mm的玻璃棉样本实测吸声曲线及各声学参数,选取四种常用阻抗模型,通过遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)对玻璃棉材料进行声学参数的反演,并选择反演效果最优的模型进行敏感性分析。比较各参数反演结果的误差比,并对比不同模型描述的吸声曲线与测试曲线的一致性,最后量化并比较Johnson-Champoux-Allard (JCA)模型中各参数对吸声系数的影响程度。研究表明,使用GA结合JCA模型或Johnson-Champoux-Allard-Lafarge (JCAL)模型反演的参数值与测试值误差较小;JCA模型适用于玻璃棉材料的声学参数反演,模型中流阻率和曲折度的敏感性较高,反演过程需保证其精确度。     

Non-contact strain measurement using metal foil gauges with the application of the laser speckle method

This paper presents a new method to measure cyclic strain with no contact using metal foil gauges assisted by the laser speckle method. When aluminium foil is pasted on a specimen and the specimen is loaded cyclically, slip bands are produced on the foil surface. There is a fixed relation between density of the slip bands and the strain amplitude or loading cycles depending on the foil material. Thus the fatigue strain of the base metal can be estimated by observing the surface change of the metal foil by the slip bands at a constant number of loading cycles. The method presented in this paper is intended to make a non-contacting strain measurement by the application of the laser speckle technique for the detection of the surface change. This method is based on observation of the changes in a laser speckle pattern depending on the surface roughness and surface property changes of the foil caused by fatigue. The laser speckle pattern can be analysed automatically and quantitatively using an image processing system.     

波阻抗对岩石动力学特性影响的模拟试验研究

利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验系统,对系列波阻抗的模型材料进行不同应变率下的冲击压缩试验。试验结果表明:岩石在冲击荷载下的应力波传播特征、动态应力应变关系以及破碎块度分形特征同时受波阻抗、应变率和冲击速度的影响。波阻抗相同时,反射波和透射波信号幅值均随冲击速度增大呈线性增大,同时应变率效应明显,随着应变率的增大:峰值应力呈线性增大,动态弹性模量增大,应变软化阶段延长;破碎程度增大,破碎块度分形维数呈线性增大。应变率相同时,随着波阻抗的减小:反射波幅值增大、透射波幅值减小;峰值应力减小,应变软化阶段延长,塑性段趋于明显,且有塑性流动现象出现;破碎程度增大,破碎块度分形维数增大。同时随着波阻抗减小,应变率增大对动态抗压强度的增大以及对破碎程度的加剧效果减弱,应变率效应减弱,逐渐趋于不明显。     

Mean stress/strain effect on fatigue behavior of an epoxy resin

Mean stress/strain effect on the fatigue life of an Epon 826/Epi-Cure Curing Agent 9551 epoxy system has been investigated by carrying out series uniaxial fatigue tests with four different mean strain ratios under strain-range-controlled mode. Quantitative analysis of the mechanical properties, such as mean stress relaxation, evolution of stress range and strain energy density, have been performed based on the stress–strain data recorded by a non-contact real-time strain measurement and control system. Mean stress/strain functions have been introduced into the equivalent damage parameters to include the mean stress/strain effect on the fatigue life of the epoxy polymer material. The procedure to characterize the mean stress/strain functions has been demonstrated and material constants were calibrated in the case of either stress, strain or energy approach, respectively. Good agreement can be seen between the predictions and the test data.     

Distributed strain measurement in a rectangular plate using an array of optical fiber sensors

Single mode optical fiber waveguide has been used to determine the two-dimensional strain distribution on a simply supported rectangular plate. Each of the fifty individual fibers in the rectangular grid array attached to one surface of the plate yields a measurement of the strain integrated along the length of that fiber on the specimen. By using similar sensor information from all of the fibers, both the functional form and the amplitude of the distribution may be determined. Limits on the dynamic range and spatial resolution are indicated. Applications in the measurement of internal strain and the monitoring of physically small critical-structural components are suggested.     

Grain size correction of welding residual stress measurement in a carbon steel plate using the critical refraction of longitudinal waves

In this, a method to measure welding residual stress in butt-welded joints of carbon steel plates using longitudinal critically refracted wave (L_cr wave) is proposed. Cross-correlation was employed to calculate the difference in time of flight between L_cr wave, and the optimal step length for the measurements is discussed. To determine L_cr wave acoustoelastic coefficient of the heat affected zone (HAZ), the relationship between the L_cr wave acoustoelastic coefficient and the grain size is established. The results show that one cycle is the optimal step length for the difference in the time-of-flight calculation, and with increasing grain size increase, L_cr wave acoustoelastic coefficient decreases in the form of a power function. In addition, grain size can be determined by using amplitude of the L_cr wave, so that the measured value of welding residual stress in HAZ can be corrected. The welding residual stress in melted zone (MZ) is corrected by calibrating acoustoelastic coefficient of the MZ. The acoustoelastic coefficient of the MZ is larger than that of parent material (PM). At last, welding residual stress in the butt-weld joint is measured and corrected with the L_cr wave technique. The results are verified by the hole drilling method.