基于ZigBee无线传感网络的导线接头在线测温系统

基于无线传感网络的基本原理，将新型ZigBee无线自组网通信平台应用于输电线路跳线接头温度在线监测系统。介绍了系统的软硬件平台架构，说明了基于ZigBee技术的接头温度监测节点集群组网的方案和算法，设计了实现可靠、节能及高效的数据传输方法。应用结果表明，ZigBee技术具有自组织性、动态拓扑、网络容量大、以数据为中心等特点，在电气设备在线监测中具有独特的应用优势。个域网     

三维GIS技术在输电线路状态监测中的研究与应用

实施输电线路状态在线监测是保证线路安全、可靠供电主要措施之一,文章介绍了输电线路状态在线监测系统的建设方法,应用三维GIS技术实现了线路走廊可视化,并且应用模型简化技术、渐进式编码与流传输技术、空间粒子系统技术等实现了监测设备和监测数据的三维可视化,最后提出了在线监测数据的空间分析模型。     

变电站在线监测技术的发展方向

本世纪初,变电站在线监测技术的发展非常迅速,目前已经基本涵盖了变电站内所有设备,各种监测手段也越来越先进,但目前在线监测系统缺乏统一的通信标准,不利于电力系统的长远发展。笔者从变电站在线监测技术发展现状入手,总结在线监测技术在工程应用中所遇到的矛盾,分析建立开放的变电站自动化综合数据平台并将在线监测系统纳入该平台的必要性。     

基于光传感技术的特高压直流输电线路污秽度在线监测

为研究特高压直流输电线路积污特性,准确设计线路绝缘配置。本文研究了光传感技术测量输电线路绝缘子盐密的方法,设计制作了输电线路盐密在线监测系统。该系统由安装于线路杆塔的数据检测终端(ODU)以及监测中心组成,可实时监测终端所在环境下的气象参数和污秽度,方便工作人员了解线路积污情况。±800 kV楚穗直流输电工程已安装三套数据检测终端,分布在广州、南宁、曲靖三地。分析监测数据可知:气温、湿度受经纬度影响,其中纬度相同的地区气温、湿度大体一致;线路绝缘子污秽度一定程度上受气温、湿度的影响。     

基于无线传感器网络的高压输电线路在线监测系统

高压输电线路在线监测系统对保障输电线路的安全运行具有重要意义。根据高压输电线路的布局和监测参数的特点,设计并实现了一种层次型异构无线传感器网络。子网为Zigbee网络,负责图像和标量数据的采集;骨干网为基于IEEE 802.11的多跳自组织网络,负责数据的远距离可靠传输。设计了全参数高压输电线路监测系统,分析了设计和实现中的关键问题,如节点供电、传输距离、电磁兼容等。该系统具有可靠性高、可扩展性强、运行费用低等特点,尤其适合中国穿越偏远地区的高压输电线路的在线监测。     

河网区域1000kV特高压钢管塔组立施工研究

以湖北省河网地区为例,介绍了河网区域特高压输电线路的地形条件和铁塔的结构特点,研究并应用了河网区域特高压塔材的运输、铁塔组立施工平台的搭建、铁塔组立地锚的设置及组塔施工方案,采用新型履带式拖车、纤缆式桅杆起重机、新型锚固装置,解决了工程难题。     

恒张力控制系统在电力架线施工中的应用

随着大截面导线在特高压电网建设的应用,电网建设对输电线路施工技术要求在不断提高,施工质量要求也越来越高。恒张力控制系统的研制可保障在电力架线施工中张力展放导线的松驰度一致、保持张力平稳;保证多分裂导线展放时各根导线张力一致,张力精度不会随着展放导线速度的变化而变化,可实现张力同步控制,以达到提高施工质量之目的。     

基于M.C.M三维一体的大数据智能巡检在水电厂的应用

阐述了设备巡检目的及方法,分析了人工巡检、在线监测、多媒体巡检的优缺点。从某水力发电厂目前设备巡检的现状及难点出发,结合大数据、多媒体应用技术的发展以及该厂生产实际,就多媒体巡检区域、巡检设备、关键质量点、巡检点的选择,前端采集元件选择及安装,数据采集、计算与存储,智能巡检系统组成架构、如何在统一数据平台基础上实现三维一体的智能巡检以及智能巡检的应用进行详细说明。     

深海沉管隧道基础水下沉降监测技术

为消除管节间差异沉降,港珠澳大桥岛—隧过渡段沉管基础采用挤密砂桩+堆载预压的地基处理方式。详细介绍了采用液体压差式沉降仪监测沉管隧道基础沉降的应用技术,并获得了较好的复合地基沉降数据。采用多种技术手段保证仪器埋设成功率,包括作业时机选择、导线接头及导线保护等。对试验结果进行分析,结果表明该技术运行稳定性高、数据误码率低、不易受风浪及施工干扰,可实现对沉管基础的连续稳定无线监测。     

水文资料整编系统HDP5.0在咸阳市水文资料整编中的应用及探索

结合咸阳市在全省范围内率先开始采用水文资料在线整编系统HDP5.0进行资料整编工作。通过近3年时间的实践应用检验,充分说明了借助HDP5.0可以实现在线整编、校对和审查,并对数据进行分析与管理,实现数据统一存储、应用于管理。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。