基于插值A*算法的路径规划

提出一个基于插值的路径规划算法-插值A*.此算法可以在每个栅格路径代价不一致的情况下生成一条平滑路径.由于大多数基于栅格算法规划的路径只能从一个栅格中心到另一栅格中心,也就限制了路径的方向只能是倍数,所以所谓最优路径其实是次优的.插值A*算法在路径规划时,使用线形插值来计算出更精确的路径代价,由此产生更优路径.     

从Web日志中挖掘用户浏览偏爱路径

Web日志中包含了大量的用户浏览信息，如何有效地从其中挖掘出用户浏览兴趣模式是一个重要的研究课题．作者在分析目前用户浏览模式挖掘算法存在的问题的基础上，利用提出的支持一偏爱度的概念，设计了网站访问矩阵，并基于这个矩阵提出了用户浏览偏爱路径挖掘算法：先利用Web日志建立以引用网页URL为行、浏览网页URL为列、路径访问频度为元素值的网站访问矩阵．该矩阵为稀疏矩阵，将该矩阵用三元组法来进行表示．然后，通过对该矩阵进行支持一偏爱度计算得到偏爱子路径．最后进行合并生成浏览偏爱路径．实验表明该算法能准确地反映用户浏览兴趣，而且系统可扩展性较好．这可以应用于电子商务网站的站点优化和个性化服务等．     

Using interpolation to improve path planning: The Field D* algorithm

We present an interpolation‐based planning and replanning algorithm for generating low‐cost paths through uniform and nonuniform resolution grids. Most grid‐based path planners use discrete state transitions that artificially constrain an agent's motion to a small set of possible headings (e.g., 0, π/4, π/2, etc.). As a result, even “optimal” grid‐based planners produce unnatural, suboptimal paths. Our approach uses linear interpolation during planning to calculate accurate path cost estimates for arbitrary positions within each grid cell and produce paths with a range of continuous headings. Consequently, it is particularly well suited to planning low‐cost trajectories for mobile robots. In this paper, we introduce a version of the algorithm for uniform resolution grids and a version for nonuniform resolution grids. Together, these approaches address two of the most significant shortcomings of grid‐based path planning: the quality of the paths produced and the memory and computational requirements of planning over grids. We demonstrate our approaches on a number of example planning problems, compare them to related algorithms, and present several implementations on real robotic systems.     

基于改进的不交化最小路集的网络系统可靠性算法

本文根据不交化布尔代数及BDD原理提出了一种简化的求解不交化最小路集的改进算法。对最小路集的路长进行排序,按最小路集的不同路长分两种方法不交化:对于长度为n-1的最小路集,在保持原有弧不变外,将网络图中其余未包含在该条最小路内的弧取逆加入,直接获得不交化运算结果;其余最小路集采用BDD方法进行不交化。最后的实例计算表明,改进的算法有较小的分枝树、较高的计算效率和精度,为大型网络系统的可靠性分析提供了一种新的途径。     

一个Linux多路径磁盘过滤驱动程序

研究Linux系统中多路径磁盘过滤驱动程序的设计和实现。驱动程序将物理磁盘的多路径封装为一个虚拟没备。虚拟设备的I／O请求转发到磁盘设备上执行，由路径选择算法将主机的负载均衡地分配到各路径上。当路径发生故障时由驱动程序将失败的I／O请求切换到其它路径，屏蔽了路径故障。驱动程序利用多路径改善了主机的I／O性能，提高了系统的可用性。     

Transient chaotic neural network-based disjoint multipath routing for mobile ad-hoc networks

Due to mobility of wireless hosts, routing in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) is a challenging task. Multipath routing is employed to provide reliable communication, load balancing, and improving quality of service of MANETs. Multiple paths are selected to be node-disjoint or link-disjoint to improve transmission reliability. However, selecting an optimal disjoint multipath set is an NP-complete problem. Neural networks are powerful tools for a wide variety of combinatorial optimization problems. In this study, a transient chaotic neural network (TCNN) is presented as multipath routing algorithm in MANETs. Each node in the network can be equipped with a neural network, and all the network nodes can be trained and used to obtain optimal or sub-optimal high reliable disjoint paths. This algorithm can find both node-disjoint and link-disjoint paths with no extra overhead. The simulation results show that the proposed method can find the high reliable disjoint path set in MANETs. In this paper, the performance of the proposed algorithm is compared to the shortest path algorithm, disjoint path set selection protocol algorithm, and Hopfield neural network (HNN)-based model. Experimental results show that the disjoint path set reliability of the proposed algorithm is up to 4.5 times more than the shortest path reliability. Also, the proposed algorithm has better performance in both reliability and the number of paths and shows up to 56% improvement in path set reliability and up to 20% improvement in the number of paths in the path set. The proposed TCNN-based algorithm also selects more reliable paths as compared to HNN-based algorithm in less number of iterations.     

基于块稀疏度估计的压缩感知自适应重构算法

块稀疏信号是一类具有特殊结构的稀疏信号。针对块稀疏信号块稀疏度未知的情况,提出了一种基于块稀疏度估计的自适应重构算法并将其应用于压缩感知。算法首先对信号的块稀疏度进行初步估计计算得到一个支撑块索引集合的估计值,利用得到的估计值对残差进行初始化;接着对测量矩阵的子块和当前残差进行相关性匹配操作以选取信号的支撑块集合;然后依据正则化原则再次对由相关性匹配操作得到的信号支撑块集合进行筛选;最后通过迭代过程获得信号最终的支撑块集合。仿真实验结果表明,提出的算法与现有的块稀疏信号自适应重构算法比较,具有较好的重构成功概率,且算法的平均运行时间更短。     

Backup path set selection in ad hoc wireless network using link expiration time

Topological changes in mobile ad hoc networks frequently render routing paths unusable. Such recurrent path failures have detrimental effects on quality of service. A suitable technique for eliminating this problem is to use multiple backup paths between the source and the destination in the network. Most of the proposed on-demand routing protocols however, build and rely on single route for each data session. Whenever there is a link disconnection on the active route, the routing protocol must perform a path recovery process. This paper proposes an effective and efficient protocol for backup and disjoint path set in an ad hoc wireless network. This protocol converges into a highly reliable path set very fast with no message exchange overhead. The paths selection according to this algorithm is beneficial for mobile ad hoc networks, since it produces a set of backup paths with much higher reliability. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of our algorithm in terms of route numbers in the path set and its reliability. In order to acquire link reliability estimates, we use link expiration time (LET) between each two nodes.In another experiment, we save the LET of entire links in the ad hoc network during a specific time period, then use them as a data base for predicting the probability of proper operation of links.Links reliability obtains from LET. Prediction is done by using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) network which is trained with error back-propagation error algorithm. Experimental results show that the MLP net can be a good choice to predict the reliability of the links between the mobile nodes with more accuracy.     

Automatic generation of basis test paths using variable length genetic algorithm

Path testing is the strongest coverage criterion in white box testing. Finding target paths is a key challenge in path testing. Genetic algorithms have been successfully used in many software testing activities such as generating test data, selecting test cases and test cases prioritization. In this paper, we introduce a new genetic algorithm for generating test paths. In this algorithm the length of the chromosome varies from iteration to another according to the change in the length of the path. Based on the proposed algorithm, we present a new technique for automatically generating a set of basis test paths which can be used as testing paths in any path testing method. The proposed technique uses a method to verify the independency of the generated paths to be included in the basis set of paths. In addition, this technique employs a method for checking the feasibility of the generated paths. We introduce new definitions for the key concepts of genetic algorithm such as chromosome representation, crossover, mutation, and fitness function to be compatible with path generation. In addition, we present a case study to show the efficiency of our technique. We conducted a set of experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed path generation technique. The results showed that the proposed technique causes substantial reduction in path generation effort, and that the proposed GA algorithm is effective in test path generation.     

Low overhead path regeneration

Monte Carlo Path Tracing is a core light transport technique which is used for modern methods (like BDPT, MLT, VCM and others). One of the main challenge of efficient GPU Path Tracing implementation is inefficient workload caused by paths of different lengths; few threads process the long paths, while other threads are idle. A work distribution technique called “Path Regeneration” is commonly used to solve this problem. We introduce a novel GPU implementation of path regeneration technique called “in place block based path regeneration.” In comparison to previous approaches our algorithm possesses two main advantages: it has lower self-cost and it does not move any per-ray data along threads in memory, thus, our algorithm can be easily integrated to any advanced path tracing technique (like BDPT, MLT and other) or photon mapping. We tested our solution with path tracing using both CUDA and OpenCL.     

An index selection method without repeated optimizer estimations

The index selection problem (ISP) concerns the selection of an appropriate index set to minimize the total cost for a given workload containing read and update queries. Since the ISP has been proven to be an NP-hard problem, most studies focus on heuristic algorithms to obtain approximate solutions. However, even approximate algorithms still consume a large amount of computing time and disk space because these systems must record all query statements and frequently request from the database optimizers the cost estimation of each query in each considered index. This study proposes a novel algorithm without repeated optimizer estimations. When a query is delivered to a database system, the optimizer evaluates the costs of various query plans and chooses an access path for the query. The information from the evaluation stage is aggregated and recorded with limited space. The proposed algorithm can recommend indexes according to the readily available information without querying the optimizer again. The proposed algorithm was tested in a PostgreSQL database system using TPC-H data. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Testing for Perturbations of Program Statements

Many testing methods require the selection of a set of paths on which tests are to be conducted. Errors in arithmetic expressions within program statements can be represented as perturbing functions added to the correct expression. It is then possible to derive the set of errors in a chosen functional class which cannot possibly be detected using a given test path. For example, test paths which pass through an assignment statement "X := f(Y)" are incapable of revealing if the expression "X -f( Y)" has been added to later statements. In general, there are an infinite number of such undetectable error perturbations for any test path. However, when the chosen functional class of error expressions is a vector space, a finite characterization of all undetectable expressions can be found for one test path, or for combined testing along several paths. An analysis of the undetected perturbations for sequential programs operating on integers and real numbers is presented which permits the detection of multinomial error terms. The reduction of the space of (potential undetected errors is proposed as a criterion for test path selection.     

Automatic generation of path covers based on the control flowanalysis of computer programs

Branch testing a program involves generating a set of paths that will cover every arc in the program flowgraph, called a path cover, and finding a set of program inputs that will execute every path in the path cover. This paper presents a generalized algorithm that finds a path cover for a given program flowgraph. The analysis is conducted on a reduced flowgraph, called a ddgraph, and uses graph theoretic principles differently than previous approaches. In particular, the relations of dominance and implication which form two trees of the arcs of the ddgraph are exploited. These relations make it possible to identify a subset of ddgraph arcs, called unconstrained arcs, having the property that a set of paths exercising all the unconstrained arcs also cover all the arcs in the ddgraph. In fact, the algorithm has been designed to cover all the unconstrained arcs of a given ddgraph: the paths are derived one at a time, each path covering at least one as yet uncovered unconstrained arc. The greatest merits of the algorithm are its simplicity and its flexibility. It consists in just visiting recursively in combination the dominator and the implied trees, and is flexible in the sense that it can derive a path cover to satisfy different requirements, according to the strategy adopted for the selection of the unconstrained arc to be covered at each recursive iteration. This feature of the algorithm can be employed to address the problem of infeasible paths, by adopting the most suitable selection strategy for the problem at hand. Embedding of the algorithm into a software analysis and testing tool is recommended     

Estimating block selectivities

In many data base performance studies there is a need to estimate the number of records of a file which qualify in a query, as well as the number of blocks of secondary storage which contain these records. In this paper we present a model of data base contents and data placement on devices. We extend a multivariate statistical model that was used for the estimation of record selectivities in [5] to model the distribution of records that qualify in a query among the blocks of secondary storage. Then we show how to obtain estimates of block selectivities and we compare our estimates with the estimates of previous models.     

软件测试路径选择优化模型及其进化求解

路径测试是一种非常重要且应用广泛的结构测试方法, 已有路径生成方法的测试效率不高、测试开销较大, 且易生成冗余测试路径. 针对以上问题, 主要研究路径选择问题的优化模型及其进化求解方法, 目的在于: 在不降低测试覆盖率的前提下, 减少冗余路径的数量, 降低测试消耗. 首先, 以多条路径作为决策变量, 基于该决策变量包含的边数和路径数, 建立多目标优化模型; 然后, 采用多目标进化算法求解该模型, 得到目标路径集. 将所提方法应用于7个基准测试程序, 并与其他算法比较. 实验结果表明, 相比其他算法, 所提方法能够在保证测试充分性的条件下, 降低测试消耗, 从而提高测试效率.     

基于模糊层次算法的移动互联网安全态势评估研究

针对移动互联网领域日益严重的安全问题,通过对现有网络安全态势评估算法的研究,提出了一种基于改进模糊层次算法的移动互联网安全态势评估模型。首先对移动网络的安全态势要素进行分析和研究,提出了一种移动互联网安全态势评估指标体系;针对传统模糊层次模型中指标权重选择不确定性问题,采用群组层次分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP）与熵权法相结合的方式,建立多因素二级评估模型。实验结果表明改进后的评估方法更加客观,有效地反映了指标权重,得到的评估结果更加准确、真实。     

Path delay analysis for hierarchical building block layout systems

This paper describes a path delay analysis system which employs an accurate signal delay calculation method for MOS LSIs, taking poly resistance into account. The system takes mask patterns generated by a hierarchical building block layout system as inputs, and verifies timing margins of a large-scale random logic LSI in a module-by-module bottom-up fashion. Path delay analysis using a critical path trace algorithm and an enumerative path trace algorithm in combination is effective in locating critical timing regions in a chip and in analysing critical paths in detail in the regions.     

基于劳动分工的群机器人地图创建探索策略研究

受社会性昆虫劳动分工的启发提出一种群机器人地图创建的探索策略,以提高群机器人创建地图的效率。当机器人所在顶点位置有未访问的路径时,机器人随机选择一条未访问路径进行访问;如果当前位置的所有路径都已被访问,机器人会根据响应函数对下一访问位置进行概率选择。对算法分别进行了不同地图规模和机器人数量的计算机仿真实验,根据算法评价指标(覆盖时间、路径重复覆盖次数和覆盖率)对实验结果进行了评价,并与随机选择的算法进行了对比,结果表明算法是可行、有效的。最后指出了下一步研究的方向。     

Estimating the performance of multidimensional access methods based on nonoverlapping regions

Most cost models for the prediction of the performance of multidimensional access methods are based on Minkowski operations. However, this approach does not correspond to the space‐partitioning strategy of multidimensional access methods that produce nonoverlapping index regions, for example, the KDB‐tree and its variants. This article proposes a new cost model for the prediction of the selection (search) performance of the related access methods, including its adaptation for nonuniform data. The results of an extensive set of experiments conducted on both simulated and real data show that the cost model and its extension provide a basis for a highly accurate analysis of these structures in both low‐ and high‐dimensional situations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 22: 259–277, 2007.     

A comparison of pivot selection techniques for permutation-based indexing

Recently, permutation based indexes have attracted interest in the area of similarity search. The basic idea of permutation based indexes is that data objects are represented as appropriately generated permutations of a set of pivots (or reference objects). Similarity queries are executed by searching for data objects whose permutation representation is similar to that of the query, following the assumption that similar objects are represented by similar permutations of the pivots. In the context of permutation-based indexing, most authors propose to select pivots randomly from the data set, given that traditional pivot selection techniques do not reveal better performance. However, to the best of our knowledge, no rigorous comparison has been performed yet. In this paper we compare five pivot selection techniques on three permutation-based similarity access methods. Among those, we propose a novel technique specifically designed for permutations. Two significant observations emerge from our tests. First, random selection is always outperformed by at least one of the tested techniques. Second, there is no technique that is universally the best for all permutation-based access methods; rather different techniques are optimal for different methods. This indicates that the pivot selection technique should be considered as an integrating and relevant part of any permutation-based access method.