经济型抗CO2腐蚀油套管用低合金钢的研究

在油套管CO2腐蚀失效分析基础上,研究了不同成分和组织钢在模拟不同油田采出液介质中的抗CO2腐蚀性能和腐蚀行为.针对油田特定的腐蚀环境,优选出抗CO2、Cl-腐蚀性能良好的经济型低合金钢种.     

Cr对改善低合金钢抗CO2腐蚀性能的影响

研究了不同Cr含量的低合金钢在模拟不同油田CO2腐蚀环境下的抗CO2腐蚀性能,并对Cr元素改善钢的抗CO2腐蚀行为及机理进行了分析.     

镍基合金油套管的析出相及对腐蚀性能的影响

镍基合金油套管在凝固和热加工过程中极易产生析出相,使用SEM、TEM等方法分析了Inconel G3和Incoloy 028两种合金中析出相的形貌和结构,发现Incoloy 028合金富Cr、Mo析出相以σ相为主,而Inconel G3以MC和α（W-Mo）固溶体为主。对两种合金进行的晶间腐蚀和应力腐蚀开裂性能评估发现,晶界富Cr、Mo析出相严重降低了镍基合金油套管抗晶间腐蚀性能和在高温,高压,高含H2S、CO2介质中的抗应力腐蚀开裂（Stress CorrosionCracking）性能。     

超级13Cr在H2S和CO2共存环境下的腐蚀行为影响研究

对CO2和H2S共存环境中95 ksi钢级超级13Cr钢的腐蚀行为进行了研究,发现常温条件下H2S和CO2共存环境中,无论是采用恒载荷的方法还是四点弯曲的方法,都在试样的表面出现了局部腐蚀,而在高温条件下未发生点蚀和应力腐蚀现象。分析结果表明,95 ksi钢级的超级马氏体不锈钢在常温H2S和CO2共存环境中出现的局部腐蚀主要是因为夹杂物在应力集中和酸性溶液的作用下形成点蚀,并沿着相同应力水平的区域扩展,局部腐蚀增加了应力腐蚀开裂的敏感性。     

低铬抗硫套管的H_2S/CO_2腐蚀行为研究

通过高温高压及H2S应力腐蚀开裂(SSC)实验,采用SEM、EDS、XRD和TEM技术,研究3Cr110S在模拟环境中的H2S/CO2腐蚀行为。结果表明:在模拟H2S/CO2高温高压腐蚀环境中,H2S腐蚀占主导作用,3Cr110S的均匀腐蚀速率为0.1272 mm/a,局部腐蚀轻微,试样表面腐蚀产物为FeS;在施加应力为72%、80%的最低屈服强度时,3Cr110S试样均未发生应力腐蚀开裂,具有良好的抗SSC性能;3Cr110S回火索氏体组织的条束之间位相差大,铬元素在晶界及晶内以粒状碳化物析出、位错纠结、弥散分布碳化物的位错定扎对SSC裂纹扩展起着良好的阻碍作用。     

高含H2S和CO2环境中L80钢的腐蚀规律

 采用失重腐蚀方法研究了在模拟气田井下腐蚀环境中腐蚀影响因素(总压力、温度、腐蚀时间、H2S、Cl-、溶液流速),对套管钢(L80)腐蚀的影响规律,并用扫描电镜分析了腐蚀产物膜形貌。结果表明：60 ℃为L80钢在H2S+CO2腐蚀环境中的腐蚀临界温度,此时,L80钢的腐蚀速率最小;当总压力大于等于9 MPa,温度为120 ℃,H2S、CO2达到各自的超临界点,L80钢的腐蚀速率比温度为90 ℃时小;随腐蚀时间延长,腐蚀速率明显下降;相对在单一的CO2环境下,引入H2S可降低腐蚀速率;Cl-可促进L80钢的腐蚀;溶液流速加快,腐蚀速率提高。     

BT80SS抗H2S腐蚀石油套管的研制

根据化学元素对H2S应力腐蚀的影响,选用C,Mn,Cr和Mo为合金元素,控制S和P等有害元素的含量,同时加入RE;根据钢管的组织对抗H2S应力腐蚀的影响,采用淬火后高温回火的热处理制度,生产出了具有自主知识产权的抗H2S套管,该产品具有良好的耐H2S腐蚀性能。     

国外非API高耐蚀油套管品种开发现状

油套管服役条件日益复杂和严酷,具有更高耐蚀性的非API油套管应运而生。评述了JFE、住友金属、美国SMC镍合金集团和山特维克等国外先进钢管集团非API抗H2S应力腐蚀油套管、13Cr马氏体不锈钢油套管、双相不锈钢油套管和镍基合金油套管的品种开发现状,建议进一步加强开发非API高耐蚀油套管的力度。     

CO2分压对油管钢CO2/H2S腐蚀的影响

采用高温高压釜、失重法和扫描电镜，对不同CO2分压(310．2642、930．7926、1551．3210、2171．8494kPa)条件下油管钢N80和P110的CO2／H2S腐蚀进行了研究。结果表明，随着CO2分压的升高，两种钢的CO2／H2S腐蚀速率均单调增加；除了CO2分压极低的情况以外，P110钢的腐蚀速率总是大于N80钢。     

经济型抗CO2腐蚀专用油井管用钢成分设计分析

文章通过对油井管CO2腐蚀机理及影响因素进行分析,以各种化学元素在低Cr油井管用钢中的作用为基础,提出经济型抗CO2腐蚀专用油井管用钢成分设计思路,希望对抗CO2腐蚀专用油井管的开发有所助益。     

Effects of Carbon on the Corrosion Behaviour in Fe‐18Cr‐10Mn‐N‐C Stainless Steels

The effects of carbon on general and pitting corrosion behaviour of Fe‐18Cr‐10Mn‐(0.33～0.44)N‐(0～0.38)C alloys were investigated using potentiodynamic tests. Carbon made the nitrogen‐bearing alloys inert and thus promoted general corrosion resistance. These results were supported by experimental findings, such as elevated corrosion potential, reduced active dissolution rate, lowered passive potential and accelerated hydrogen evolution rate in sulphuric acid solution. The resistance to pitting corrosion in chloride solution was also enhanced by the addition of carbon, which was attributed to the improvement of the stability of the passive film. XPS analysis revealed that the cationic fraction of chromium in the passive film was increased and hence the protection ability of the film was improved by the carbon addition.     

几种新合金的耐磨蚀性能

根据新的磨蚀理论,设计了几种典型的耐磨蚀合金,分析了其组织特征,研究了其在不同介质条件下的磨蚀特性。结果表明,所有合金的耐磨蚀性能都优于高锰钢。其中以高碳高铬的927－1号合金的耐磨蚀性能最佳,它是湿态条件下理想的耐磨蚀材料。     

Kinetics of decarburisation of levitating liquid iron drops by carbon dioxide

Decarburisation experiments were carried out by levitating liquid iron droplets in a flowing gas stream containing carbon dioxide at 1723K. Decarburisation of liquid iron droplets by carbon dioxide can be adequately described by the mixed control of gas phase mass transport and dissociative chemisorption of carbon dioxide. Carbon monoxide in the gas phase does not have any significant effect on the rate of decarburisation. The rate of decarburisation decreases significantly with increase in sulphur content in the melt and this effect can be quantitatively explained using the Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption coefficient of sulphur is found to be 200. Influence of phosphorus and chromium in the melt on the rate of decarburisation is negligibly small.     

钛合金及其油井管耐蚀性能研究进展

综述了油井管现状、钛合金组织与力学性能,重点探讨了钛合金作为油井管的耐蚀性能、影响因素与耐蚀机理,并对第一性原理计算在钛合金管材成分设计与界面腐蚀特征中的应用进行了概述。研究发现,钛合金管材具有较强的抗硫化物应力开裂(SSC)性能,在高温高压(HTHP)油气田的工况条件下具有极低的腐蚀速率,对孔蚀、缝隙腐蚀、接触腐蚀以及氢脆等也具有高的抵抗力; Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)合金表面的钝化膜在含H_2S腐蚀环境中更易遭到破坏,其稳定性会因温度变化与其他元素介入而发生变化,抗腐蚀性能也会随之发生改变。     

Swelling of Precipitated Nickel Powder

Abstract

When nickel powders produced by precipitation are heated at elevated temperatures, cracks and voids form within the particles causing them to swell. This swelling has been correlated with the liberation of gases generated by trace impurities in the metal. Using gas volumetric, gas density balance, infrared, and microchemical analyses, carbon dioxide and nitrogen have been identified as the gases mainly responsible for the swelling when the powders are heated in nitrogen. On the other hand, hydrogen sulphide has the major influence when they are heated in hydrogen.     

舞钢湿硫化氢环境用低合金高强度钢

湿H2S环境下引起压力容器及管道的腐蚀、氢致开裂（HIC）、H2S应力腐蚀开裂（SSCC）是当前采油、炼油、化工、煤气生产中最为突出的腐蚀问题和技术难题之一。为此,舞钢对防止压力容器与管道在湿硫化氢环境中的开裂问题进行了广泛、深入的研究,相继成功地开发了一系列不同强度级别的湿硫化氢环境用抗硫化氢腐蚀用钢,具有碳当量低、力学性能（尤其是低温冲击韧性）优良、抗氢致开裂性能和抗硫化物应力腐蚀性能良好的特点,钢板的力学性能、抗氢致开裂性能及抗硫化物应力腐蚀性能均达到了国际先进或领先水平。本文还指出了抗湿硫化氢用钢的生产开发方向并提出了质量改进措施。     

Stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels

The similarities and differences in the stress corrosion cracking response of ferritic and austenitic stainless steels in chloride solutions will be examined. Both classes of materials exhibit a cracking potential: similar transient response (to loading) of the potential in open circuit tests or the current in potentiostatic tests and similar enrichment of chromium and depletion of iron in the film associated with localized corrosion processes. The ferritic steels are more resistant to localized corrosion than are the austenitic steels, which is responsible for the difference in the influence of prior thermal and mechanical history on cracking susceptibility of the two types of steel. Similarities in the fractography of stress corrosion cracks and those produced by brittle delayed failure during cathodic charging of the ferritic steels indicate that hydrogen embrittlement is involved in the failure process.     

经济型耐腐蚀钢中氧作用的研究

为了冶炼不同氧含量的碳素船体钢,通过机械性能试验和周浸试验研究了钢中氧含量对钢材腐蚀性能和机械性能的影响。结果表明,在连铸生产许可的氧范围内,随着钢水脱氧程度的减弱,钢中氧质量分数增加,钢材的平均腐蚀率略有下降,而耐点蚀性能有较明显增强,变化曲线的高氧端比低氧端平均点蚀深度下降约22.7%。弱脱氧钢的机械性能符合规范要求,可达到D级钢水平。分析认为,氧提高钢材耐蚀性的原因主要是固溶氧可提高铁的热力学稳定性,提高了蚀孔内铁的腐蚀电位,降低了蚀坑扩展速度。氧作为耐蚀元素应用可以显著降低耐蚀钢的成本,提高经济性。      

Wear Resistant Steels and Casting Alloys containing Niobium Carbide

Niobium, like titanium and vanadium, forms superhard MC carbides that remain relatively pure in technical alloys on account of their low solubility for other metallic alloying elements. However, because they have a greater hardness than the precipitated chromium carbides commonly used in wear‐resistant alloys, they are suitable as alternative hard phases. This contribution deals with new wear‐resistant steels and casting alloys containing niobium carbide. These include a secondary hardening hardfacing alloy, a composite casting alloy for wear applications at elevated temperatures, a white cast iron as well as two variants of a corrosion‐resistant cold‐work tool steel produced by melt metallurgy and by powder metallurgy. A heat‐resistant casting alloy is also discussed. Based on equilibrium calculations the microstructures developing during production of the alloys are analysed, and the results are discussed with respect to important properties such as abrasive wear and corrosion resistance.