地铁隧道开挖过程三维物理模型动态试验研究

据相似材料大比尺三维概念物理模型理论,高仿真度制作了成型盾构隧道地铁站厅隧道开挖试验物理模型。模拟了双盾构隧道之间开挖站厅隧道的全过程,研究了站厅隧道、横通道开挖过程中模型地表沉降,土体的变形,盾构隧道及站厅隧道洞周特征点的位移。模拟并研究了混凝土加固桩对土体位移的影响,总结出土体的动态力学特征和变形规律,得出一些有益的认识和结论。对指导地铁施工、研究在已建成双隧道间拓展开挖站厅空间具有十分重要的意义。     

浅埋盾构隧道开挖面失稳大比尺模型试验研究

盾构隧道施工过程中支护压力不足会引起开挖面失稳。针对浅埋盾构隧道,采用大比尺物理模型试验对盾构开挖面稳定进行研究。试验通过控制支护板移动速度来模拟开挖面失稳变形过程,并对支护压力和地表变形进行监测,发现了支护力和地表变形发展的3个阶段。与此同时,采用数码摄像技术对失稳土体实时观测,并利用颗粒图像技术对图像进行处理得到失稳土体的位移增量场。对比发现,位移增量场的变化规律与支护力和地表变形的3个阶段相对应。     

盾构隧道开挖引起的土体位移有限元分析

为了研究某地铁隧道过江段开挖施工引起的土体位移变化情况,建立了隧道盾构施工的有限元模型,基于生死单元法模拟了过江段盾构隧道开挖过程,计算了盾构施工不同阶段的土体表面沉降量及土体竖向和横向位移沿深度变化情况。研究表明土体位移随盾构开挖过程逐渐变化,竖向位移沿地表至隧道埋深处逐渐增加,隧道位置处的侧向位移量最大,且土体位移与盾构参数有密切关系。     

类矩形盾构隧道开挖引起邻近地下管线变形研究

盾构隧道开挖环境影响的既有成果针对圆形盾构隧道施工效应做了较多研究,但针对类矩形盾构隧道施工效应的研究还较少。基于类矩形盾构隧道开挖面收敛位移变形模式,首先采用镜像法,提出类矩形盾构隧道施工诱发周围土体自由场位移的分析方法;其次,基于Winkler地基模型,将土体自由位移场施加于地下管线结构,提出类矩形盾构隧道施工诱发邻近管线变形的简化计算方法。通过工程实例分析,将土体自由场变形与实测数据进行对比验证;同时,采用有限元数值模拟方法,将管线竖向变形计算结果与本文简化方法进行对比分析。此外,针对隧道矩形长边宽度、隧道和管线埋深、管线直径、管线弹性模量、土体压缩模量、土体损失间隙参数等关键参数进行了影响分析。研究结果表明,采用类矩形盾构开挖面整体下沉收敛模式,镜像法解答得到的土体自由场位移与实测值吻合较好;提出的简化方法计算邻近既有管线变形的理论计算值与数值模拟值吻合较好。通过参数分析,可知隧道矩形长边宽度、管线埋深和管线弹性模量为敏感性参数。随着盾构矩形长边宽度的增大,管线变形曲线槽宽度显著增大;随着管线埋深的增加,管线变形显著增大;随着管线弹性模量的增大,管线变形显著减小。     

北京地铁10号线国贸—双井区间土压平衡 盾构施工数值模拟研究

 以北京地铁10号线国贸—双井区间盾构施工为背景,运用FLAC3D软件对盾构过程进行动态模拟,在模拟盾构隧道周围设置应力及位移监测点,计算得出隧道周围土体垂直和水平方向位移及相应的应力变化规律。研究结果表明：盾构推进过程中,盾构开挖面前方土体受到挤压作用,不仅表现在竖向位移,水平位移也有同样现象发生,水平位移绝对值不如竖向位移显著;在盾构开挖面附近边界,土体垂直和水平应力下降明显,释放率在50%左右;盾构推进对周围土体的剧烈扰动主要集中在开挖面处至开挖面后方20 m土体范围内。数值模拟结果跟实测结果吻合较好。     

明挖基坑开挖步长对下方已建地铁隧道影响分析

针对重叠隧道中上部公路隧道施工对下卧地铁隧道影响的几个关键影响因素,文章采用数值模拟方法探讨了下穿隧道施工中不同开挖步长、不同净距、不同埋深条件下进行基坑开挖时,土体位移、下部盾构隧道变形和管片结构受力特征。得出了基坑开挖步长越大、隧道之间净距越小、下穿隧道顶板埋深越大,则土层和盾构管片上浮变形量越大等重要结论,对类似工程的设计和施工具有重要的指导作用。     

深基坑分层开挖对邻近盾构隧道的影响分析

基坑工程的施工经常出现在已建盾构隧道的附近,从而必然使已建隧道产生附加变形。为了研究基坑开挖对邻近已建盾构隧道的影响,通过有限元软件PLAXIS针对某深基坑开挖对邻近地铁隧道的影响进行了一系列的模拟,土体本构模型采用PLAXIS小应变土体硬化模型。分析表明：基坑开挖将对邻近隧道产生很大的影响,盾构隧道不仅在水平方向会发生较大的位移,而且在竖直方向也会发生一定的沉降且沉降量不能忽视。     

盾构机二次掘进对地表沉降的影响

以北京地铁8号线15标段六营门站—五福堂站盾构区间作为研究项目,通过对区间隧道盾构开挖因故暂停后再次掘进所引起的地表沉降监测数据进行统计分析,得出土体变形位移和地表沉降的变化规律,再根据变形监测的数据以及变形发展趋势采取了有效工法和措施控制施工进度,确保了工程的施工安全,对今后隧道盾构法施工提供了一定的借鉴。     

浅埋条件下盾构施工参数对地层扰动影响研究——以福州地铁4号线某路段区间盾构隧道施工为例

以福州地铁4号线化工路站～福新东路站区间盾构隧道穿越软土地层施工为背景,采用数值模拟方法,建立了考虑土仓压力、刀盘-土体摩擦扭矩、注浆压力、盾壳-土体摩擦力的盾构动态开挖模型,研究了浅埋条件下各施工因素对周围土体的扰动规律。结果表明:盾构开挖过程,在土仓压力和盾尾注浆压力等因素的综合作用下,开挖空间上方地层出现先隆起后沉降的变化过程,一侧土体则在盾构开挖过程逐渐外扩,沉降及水平位移最大值分别出现在开挖轴线的竖向和水平面上;土仓压力和盾尾注浆压力的增加有利于减小地层沉降值,但对应侧面土体水平位移有所增大,刀盘与盾壳和土体间摩擦力的增加会进一步增加上部地层沉降和侧面土体水平位移,施工过程应根据地层变形控制要求,合理调整土仓压力和盾尾注浆压力,同时降低机械与土体的摩擦。     

盾构开挖面土仓压力对地层变形影响分析研究

本文以地铁区间盾构隧道施工为背景,采用有限元分析法,应用有限元软件研究了盾构推进过程中开挖面土仓压力的变化对周围土体变形的影响情况,并将数值模拟结果与实测结果进行了对比分析,得到了开挖面土仓压力的变化对工作面上土体以及盾构前方地表的影响的变形规律。分析结果表明:盾构推进引起的地表竖向位移最大值分布于隧道轴线上;开挖时开挖面土仓压力应控制在2.4bar～2.8bar;土仓压力过大会导致前方地表产生隆起,所以土仓压力不宜大于2.8bar。     

基于HSS模型的上海地铁深基坑开挖变形分析

为研究上海软土地区地铁深基坑开挖的变形性状,选取上海地区一典型软土地铁深基坑,基于土体小应变硬化模型(HSS模型)和相应的模型参数,采用PLAXIS 3D软件对该基坑的开挖过程进行了三维有限元数值模拟,并结合现场监测的数据对基坑围护结构的侧移和坑外地表沉降进行了对比。结果表明:使用HSS模型和合适的模型参数可以有效地模拟基坑开挖过程中的变形性状,实测结果与有限元分析结果相吻合,具有很好的工程实用价值; 该上海地铁深基坑的最大地表沉降与围护结构最大侧移间的关系符合上海地区最大地表沉降与围护结构最大侧移间的统计关系; 围护结构的最大侧移深度发生在基坑的开挖面处; 长窄型地铁深基坑仍存在较明显的空间效应,基坑长边中部的变形大于基坑角部,在长窄型基坑的设计和施工中应采取针对性措施。     

Prediction of tunnel displacement induced by adjacent excavation in soft soil

Deep excavation may have impact on the adjacent tunnels. The interaction between new excavations and existing tunnels has been increasingly serious with the rapid development of underground space and metro system in urban area. It hence creates a high necessity to predict tunnel displacement induced by nearby excavation to ensure the safety of tunnel. In this paper, a semi-analytical method to evaluate the heave of underlying tunnel induced by adjacent excavation is presented and verified by field measurement results. The influence of excavation and the resistance of tunnel are obtained based on Boussinesq’s and Mindlin’s solutions, respectively. Then the soil–tunnel interaction behavior is analyzed based on the displacement coupling condition by assuming the tunnel as an elastic beam. A visco-elastoplastic model (VEP model) is employed to simulate the rheologic deformation of soil. The behavior of the tunnel underneath excavation is studied by the new method to discuss the influence of different factors, including excavation area, relative distance and construction procedure. Results of case studies show a good agreement between prediction and measurements.     

基坑开挖对邻近隧道纵向位移影响的计算方法

基坑开挖卸荷会对邻近隧道产生影响,因此有必要对隧道的变形进行预测,确保隧道正常运行.针对目前计算模型的分析方法未考虑基坑壁应力卸荷对隧道位移的影响,以及有限元分析过程较为复杂繁琐,提出采用Mindlin解计算基坑壁与坑底卸荷的附加应力.然后将隧道结构视为弹性地基无限长梁,将开挖引起的附加应力施加于隧道结构上,建立隧道结构纵向变形方程,从而得到隧道位移及内力的计算公式.最后,将计算方法与数值模拟算例、工程实测进行对比分析,计算结果与其较为吻合.     

土体小应变条件下紧邻地铁枢纽的超深基坑变形特性数值分析

 以上海地区一紧邻地铁枢纽的超深基坑工程为分析对象,考虑土体的小应变刚度特性,建立地铁区间隧道和邻近基坑的二维有限元分析模型,探讨土体小应变条件下超深基坑的变形特性。算例分析表明,考虑土体小应变刚度特性可以显著减小超深基坑的变形,计算结果与实际情况更为吻合。对于紧邻地铁枢纽的超深基坑,开挖顺序对于基坑变形也有着显著影响,在同样的计算模型下,先开挖大基坑再开挖紧邻地铁枢纽的小基坑,可以明显地减小超深基坑的变形,这与上海地区已有的工程实践经验是一致的。所获得的结论对于紧邻地铁枢纽的深基坑工程设计与施工具有重要参考价值。     

基于HSS模型的基坑开挖对近邻地铁影响数值分析

随着城市轨道交通网络的不断扩大,城市深基坑工程大多邻近地铁区域.基坑开挖将导致周围土体产生附加位移,当土体位移过大时,就会对邻近结构物产生不利影响,因此开展基坑开挖对邻近地铁隧道区域和车站安全性影响的分析研究具有重要的现实意义.以天津某地铁车站明挖基坑工程为例,运用有限元软件Plaxis 3D分析基坑开挖对邻近隧道区间...     

深基坑开挖与紧邻在建地铁车站影响优化分析

以临近莞惠线新城车站的某市控制中心深基坑工程为背景,基于理正软件验算基坑支护结构,并将有限元软件Midas-sws及Plaxis结合,建立了既有渗流场、位移场的情况下深基坑按实际开挖工况的三维数值模型,以紧邻车站变形量和基坑结构应力最小为优化目标,对开挖工法进行优化,并分析了基坑开挖对新城站地铁的影响评估,可以为优化设计和安全施工提供有益的参考。     

Energy release process of surrounding rocks of deep tunnels with two excavation methods

Numerical analysis of the total energy release of surrounding rocks excavated by drill-and-blast(D&B) method and tunnel boring machine(TBM) method is presented in the paper.The stability of deep tunnels during excavation in terms of energy release is also discussed.The simulation results reveal that energy release during blasting excavation is a dynamic process.An intense dynamic effect is captured at large excavation footage.The magnitude of energy release during full-face excavation with D&B method is higher than that with TBM method under the same conditions.The energy release rate(ERR) and speed(ERS) also have similar trends.Therefore,the rockbursts in tunnels excavated by D&B method are frequently encountered and more intensive than those by TBM method.Since the space after tunnel face is occupied by the backup system of TBM,prevention and control of rockbursts are more difficult.Thus,rockbursts in tunnels excavated by TBM method with the same intensity are more harmful than those in tunnels by D&B method.Reducing tunneling rate of TBM seems to be a good means to decrease ERR and risk of rockburst.The rockbursts observed during excavation of headrace tunnels at Jinping II hydropower station in West China confirm the analytical results obtained in this paper.     

Investigation of response of metro tunnels due to adjacent large excavation and protective measures in soft soils

The inevitable influence of large excavation in soft soils on nearby tunnels is of great concern in practice. In this paper, the influence of a nearby large excavation on existing metro tunnels of the Ningbo Metro Line 1 in sensitive soft soils is investigated and presented. Considerable displacement in the left tunnel closer to the excavation induced by the nearby excavation was revealed by field monitoring. Visible cracks and leakages were observed in left tunnel linings. Three dimensional numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the responses of the ground and left tunnel due to the adjacent excavation. The development of bending moment and displacement of the left tunnel during different construction stages of the nearby excavation is obtained. Then the interaction mechanism between the nearby excavation, surrounding soils and existing twin tunnels is investigated, which is of significance to the interpretation of the influence of the nearby excavation on the existing twin tunnels. Several protective measures for alleviating the influence of adjacent excavation on left tunnel are studied, including divided excavation, soil improvement and a cut-off wall. It is found that the left tunnel is influenced to varying degrees during different construction stages and the time effect is distinct for this large excavation in soft soils, which would be suggestive to engineers to pay more attention to the protection of adjacent tunnel during the crucial construction stages. The bending moment and displacement of the left tunnel is strongly related to the unloading effects and displacement of surrounding soils, which can be alleviated by means of proper improvement of excavation sequence. Comparatively, longitudinally divided excavation is more effective in protecting the left tunnel than soil improvement or a cut-off wall. This study is of certain reference value for protecting metro tunnels adjacent excavation in soft soils.     

基坑开挖对邻近地铁车站影响因素研究

随着上海轨道交通网络的高速发展,在地铁车站基坑开挖时,往往会遇到旁边就是运营中车站的情况.作者以分析基坑开挖引起紧邻车站变形为目的,对实际的基坑开挖进行数值模拟.通过数值模拟分析,研究了张杨路地铁车站基坑开挖时新旧两车站间距、源头变形、土体弹性模量三个因素对在运营车站变形的影响,从而得到一些有用的结论.