Ni60合金包覆WC粉激光熔覆涂层的组织与性能

通过激光熔覆Ni60合金包覆WC粉(简称镍包WC粉)在45钢基体上制备了WC增强镍基合金熔覆涂层,研究了涂层的显微组织、物相组成、显微硬度与耐磨性能等,并与Ni60合金+WC机械混合粉熔覆涂层的进行对比。结果表明:2种熔覆涂层均与基体形成冶金结合;与Ni60合金+WC机械混合粉熔覆涂层相比,镍包WC粉熔覆涂层组织更细小,成分偏析程度较轻;2种熔覆涂层均由γ-(Ni,Fe)固溶体、WC、Cr_(23)C_6、Cr_7C_3、W_2C等物相组成,镍包WC粉熔覆涂层中WC相的结构完整性较好;镍包WC粉熔覆涂层的平均显微硬度为933.1HV,略高于Ni60合金+WC机械混合粉熔覆涂层的(901.4HV);镍包WC粉熔覆涂层的平均摩擦因数和磨损体积分别为0.4,7.52×10~(-3) mm~3,均低于Ni60合金+WC机械混合粉熔覆涂层的,镍包WC粉熔覆涂层的耐磨性能优于Ni60合金+WC机械混合粉熔覆涂层的。     

45钢激光熔覆镍基WC合金的组织与性能研究

利用激光在45钢表面制备了复合粉末Ni60A+35WC-Ni(WC质量分数35%)的熔覆层和Ni60A+50WC-Co(WC质量分数50%)的熔覆层。观察研究了不同WC含量对熔覆层的宏观外貌、显微组织及横截面硬度的影响。结果表明,在45钢表面激光熔覆镍基WC合金对其显微硬度和耐磨性都有很大提升,能够极大改善基材表面性能。随着WC含量由35%提高到50%,熔覆层显微硬度和耐磨性能明显提升的同时,其宏观质量却变差。     

铝合金表面添加La_2O_3激光熔覆Ni基WC金属陶瓷涂层研究

添加适量La2O3,采用自配的熔覆材料在ZL108表面激光熔覆制备了Ni基WC金属陶瓷复合涂层,对熔覆层进行了显微组织和能谱分析、显微硬度测量以及室温下的干滑动摩擦磨损试验。结果表明,在铝合金表面激光熔覆处理时添加适量La2O3获得的Ni基WC金属陶瓷增强涂层无裂纹,组织细小,致密,WC颗粒增强相与基体之间结合良好。室温下熔覆层的磨损主要为显微切削和粘着磨损,干摩擦磨损性能优良。     

等离子熔覆超厚金属-陶瓷梯度涂层的工艺与组织

用等离子熔覆预先涂敷于碳钢表面的多层Ni60B TiC涂层,通过成分设计和工艺参数的优化,得到优良的超厚金属-陶瓷梯度材料。用光学显微镜、显微硬度计等对熔覆层中的显微组织,TiC的粒径、含量和形貌,涂层的硬度进行了研究。结果表明:涂层中的组织、成分呈明显的梯度分布;等离子束熔覆层底部为较粗大的等轴晶;中部为胞状树枝晶;熔覆层顶部是较规则的树枝晶;从熔覆层底部到顶层,TiC的粒径和含量呈梯度变化,TiC的形貌由球状过渡到花瓣状、团簇状;涂层的硬度也呈梯度分布。     

激光熔覆与激光-感应复合熔覆WC-Ni60A涂层的结构与性能特征

对单纯激光熔覆与激光-感应复合熔覆Ni60A+35%WC涂层的几何外形、稀释率、WC颗粒分布、显微组织与抗干滑动磨损性能进行对比分析。结果表明,单纯激光熔覆的最大激光扫描速度与最大送粉量仅为600 mm.min–1与25 g.min–1,当激光-感应复合熔覆采用相同的工艺参数时,复合熔覆层的宽度、热影响区、稀释率均大于单纯激光熔覆层,厚度却小于单纯激光熔覆层,WC颗粒与析出的碳化物不均匀地分布于复合熔覆层内,复合熔覆层的抗干滑动磨损性能比单纯激光熔覆层的差。但是,激光-感应复合熔覆的最大激光扫描速度可以提高到2 200 mm.min–1,最大送粉量可以提高到75.6 g.min–1,加工效率是单纯激光熔覆的3倍多,复合熔覆层内WC颗粒分布均匀,经检测无裂纹且稀释率仅为5.2%,抗干滑动磨损性能约是单纯激光熔覆层的1.42倍。     

激光功率对熔覆Ni基涂层性能的影响

为提高45号钢表面硬度和耐磨性,可以在45号钢的表面采用激光熔覆技术熔覆合金涂层提高其表面性能。镍基合金熔覆层硬度高、耐磨、抗腐蚀、抗弯曲、可以在极端环境下具有稳定的性能,但在激光熔覆层中易产生裂纹。为改善45钢表面性能,在相同的扫描速率下采用不同功率在其表面激光熔覆制备了Ni基(Ni60)复合涂层,对不同激光功率熔覆层的性能检测使用金相显微镜、显微硬度仪、扫描电镜。结果表明:随着激光功率的增加,表面粗糙度变大,熔覆层的宽度、高度、基材的熔化深度都有一定程度的增大,裂纹出现趋势减小。在45号钢上熔覆Ni60合金粉末可以提高基材表面显微硬度,熔覆层显微硬度高出基材显微硬度约700HV,激光熔覆技术在一定范围内可以实现对基材的表面硬化。     

Ni60-TiO_2-Al-B_4C-C合金激光熔覆涂层的组织及性能

以Ni60、TiO2、B4C、C、Al粉为原料,利用激光熔覆技术在45#号钢表面原位合成制备了TiC/TiB2增强的复合涂层,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、维氏硬度计对涂层组织进行测试分析。结果表明:复合涂层内部无裂纹、气孔等缺陷,与基体呈冶金结合;其主要物相为Ni3(Al,Ti)、TiC、TiB2、(Fe,Cr)7C3和α-Fe;激光熔覆过程中原位合成的块状TiC和六边形状TiB2增强相弥散分布在复合涂层中,明显提高了熔覆层显微硬度;涂层显微硬度呈梯度分布,最大可达767Hv0.2,约为基材显微硬度的3倍。     

45#钢表面激光熔覆梯度涂层的组织及性能

在45#钢表面激光熔覆梯度涂层,其中底层材料分别为Ni60A和Fe基合金粉末,上层材料自熔性镍基碳化钨粉末,使用洛氏硬度计、蔡司高级金相显微镜和显微硬度计对比分析熔覆层的组织及性能。结果表明:当Ni60A粉末作为底层材料时,熔覆层宏观表面相对平整光滑,平均洛氏硬度是基体(HRC:22)的2.5倍,熔覆层厚度均匀且熔池深度基本保持不变,第一道与最后一道熔覆层的高度差仅为0.10mm,当Fe基合金粉末作为底层材料时,高度差0.28mm;熔覆层及界面处无裂纹、气孔等缺陷,沿熔覆层与基体交界处向外晶粒呈现枝状晶到等轴晶,基体与熔覆层间冶金结合比较牢固;熔覆层上层显微硬度分布均匀,约是基体的3倍。激光熔覆梯度涂层材料且上层材料为自熔性镍基碳化钨粉末时,底层材料选择Ni60A粉末,得到的涂层成形质量更佳。     

激光熔覆Ni/TiC复合涂层组织与性能

采用激光熔覆技术在45钢样品表面制备了Ni/TiC复合涂层,利用光学显微镜、SEM,EDS,XRD、显微镜硬度计及摩擦磨损试验机等检测设备研究了Ni/TiC复合涂层的组织和性能。试验结果表明：Ni/TiC复合涂层没有出现裂纹、孔洞等缺陷,涂层与基体之间具有良好的冶金结合,涂层显微硬度沿层深皆呈明显的阶梯状分布,最外表面的熔覆层硬度最高,约为800 HV;熔覆试样的比磨损率比基体试样的比磨损率下降了86.5％,表明Ni/TiC复合涂层具有较好的耐磨性能。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆TiC复合涂层显微组织的研究

采用HL-5000型横流CO2激光加工机,在TC4钛合金表面制备了表面较平整、较细密、基本消除了裂纹与孔隙并与基体呈冶金结合的TiC复合涂层。通过SEM、EDAX、XRD、HXD分析了熔覆层的显微组织、成分、物相．测试了激光熔覆层的显微硬度。结果表明,激光熔覆制备的TiC复合涂层与基体呈冶金结合,涂层中有大量小块状、针状TiC颗粒和TiC树枝晶。激光熔覆层由TiC、γ—Ni、TiB2、CrB、Ni3B等相组成。熔覆层的显微硬度平均值约为950HV0.1。     

等离子喷涂WC/Co Fe基涂层摩擦与磨损性能

以普通铸铁为基体,碳化钨陶瓷粉末WC 12Co为热喷涂材料,采用大气等离子法制备WC/Co Fe复合涂层.通过SEM、EDS、XRD等手段对WC/Co Fe涂层微观组织与结构进行表征,并对WC/Co Fe复合涂层耐磨损性能进行测试.结果表明,等离子喷涂制备的WC/Co Fe涂层物相以WC相为主;WC涂层摩擦因数波动小于铸铁材料摩擦因数,表明WC复合涂层具有良好的抗摩擦性能.WC涂层耐磨损性能高于铸铁,主要归因于WC颗粒韧性好、硬度高、抗冲击及抗磨损性能强,与基体金属的结合性好.     

碳纳米管镍基复合刷镀层的组织和性能

研究了碳纳米管镍基复合刷镀层的组织、显微硬度和耐磨性等。结果表明：与常规镀层相比，含有碳纳米管的复合镀层组织明显细化，显微硬度有较大的提高，硬度热稳定性和耐磨性得到了明显的提高。     

Microstructure and wear resistance of nickel–carbon nanotube composite coating from brush plating technique

This paper investigates the microstructure and wear resistance of nickel–carbon nanotube (CNT) composite coating deposited by brush plating technique. The Ni/CNT coating deposited with a pulse current source has less porosity, higher hardness and higher wear resistance than that with a DC source. CNTs greatly improve the coating performance. The wear mechanism is mainly the smearing of the Ni/CNTs coatings, instead of the fracture for the Ni coatings.     

Wear study of Ni–WC composite coating modified with CeO2

In the present investigation, Ni–WC composite powder was modified with the addition of CeO₂ in order to form a new composition of Ni–WC–CeO₂. The Ni–WC and Ni–WC–CeO₂ compositions were used for coating deposition by high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying process so as to study the effect of CeO₂ addition on microstructure, distribution of various elements, hardness, formation of new phases, and abrasive wear behavior. Further, the effect of load, abrasive size, sliding distance, and temperature on abrasive wear behavior of these HVOF-sprayed coatings was investigated by response surface methodology. To investigate the abrasive wear behavior of HVOF-sprayed coatings four factors such as load, abrasive size (size in micrometers), sliding distance (meters), and temperature (°C) with three levels of each factor were investigated. Analysis of variance was carried out to determine the significant factors and interactions. Investigation showed that the load, abrasive size, and sliding distance were the main significant factors while load and abrasive size, load and sliding distance, abrasive size and sliding distance were the main significant interactions. Thus an abrasive wear model was developed in terms of main factors and their significant interactions. The validity of the model was evaluated by conducting experiments under different wear conditions. A comparison of modeled and experimental results showed 4–9% error. The abrasive wear resistance of coatings increases with the addition of CeO₂. This is due to increase in hardness with the addition of CeO₂ in Ni–WC coatings.     

打壳锤头等离子堆焊镍基涂层组织和性能

采用等离子堆焊技术在打壳锤头基体Q235钢表面进行堆焊,堆焊材料选用分别含有50%WC、40%WC和30%WC+TiC的复合镍基粉末。借助金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度仪、摩擦磨损试验仪等仪器对所得各堆焊层的显微组织、化学成分、显微硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性进行分析。试验结果表明,三种合金堆焊层显微组织均为γ-Ni固溶体和弥散分布的不同形态的硬质化合物相,如WC,(Ti,V)C等。三种合金堆焊层与基体界面处冶金结合良好,堆焊层稀释率低,且与基体Q235钢相比,耐电解腐蚀性显著提高。含有30%WC+TiC的镍基合金堆焊层与含有50%WC和40%WC的镍基合金堆焊层相比,具有更高的耐磨性和抗热腐蚀性。因而含有30%WC+TiC的镍基合金堆焊层综合性能最优,能够大幅度延长打壳锤头使用寿命,具有广泛的应用前景。     

WC颗粒增强镍基合金喷熔层腐蚀磨损行为及其人工神经网络预测分析

采用氧一乙炔焰喷熔工艺制备了碳化钨（WC）颗粒增强镍基合金喷熔层,研究了它的腐蚀磨损行为。结果表明：喷熔层耐腐蚀磨损性能随WC含量增加而提高,WC含量在20％～30％范围内,喷熔层耐腐蚀磨损性能最佳,超过30％时,其耐腐蚀磨损性能下降。载荷增加,腐蚀磨损率增大;速度增加,腐蚀磨损率下降。低速重载荷时,WC颗粒增强效果明显,且含30％WC喷熔层耐腐蚀磨损性能最好;高速轻载荷时,因WC原电池效应显著,WC颗粒增强效果减弱。基于人工神经网络的喷熔层腐蚀磨损行为预测与实验结果吻合较好,对喷熔层的应用具有重要指导作用。     

A study on the wear resistance characteristics of pulse electroforming Ni–P alloy coatings as plated

In this study, attempt has been initiated to investigate the wear resistance of Ni–P alloy coatings manufactured by pulse current (PC) electroforming technology. The wear tests of such plated coatings were carried out at ambient temperature and without lubricants. The parameters of the electroforming experiments include peak current density, duty cycle and pulse frequency. The results of this investigation showed that the internal stress of the PC-deposited Ni–P coating is much lower than that of direct current (DC) deposited Ni–P coating. The analytical results indicate that increasing of the phosphorus content in the layer reduces the hardness of the Ni–P electroformed coatings, and it gradually leads to transformation of the coatings structure from micro-crystalline to nano-crystalline/X-ray amorphous. Wear trace morphology shows that the wear mechanism of Ni–P coatings herein is related to hardness. As the hardness increases, the worn morphology of the coatings changes from with scratches and abrasions to that with the steel debris adhered on the coatings. The wear resistance of Ni–P alloy electroformed layers increases with the hardness of the coatings. The hardness primarily affects the wear resistance of the Ni–P as plated coatings, and the optimum wear resistance of Ni–P coatings can reach 11 times that of Ni coatings.     

感应熔敷微-纳米碳化钨复合涂层的耐磨性研究

用感应加热熔敷方法在Q235钢表面制备了微-纳米碳化钨复合涂层，并分析了涂层的微观结构、显微硬度及耐磨性。结果表明：涂层的组织主要由镍基固溶体和碳化钨颗粒组成。涂层与基体冶金结合；微-纳米碳化钨涂层的耐磨性比微米碳化钨涂层平均提高0．5倍。