前驱体对熔盐法合成Bi2WO6光催化剂及其性能的影响

分别以Bi(NO3)3和Na2WO4溶液直接混合所得沉淀、加氨水所得沉淀及Bi(NO3)3×5H2O+Na2WO4×2H2O为前驱体,采用熔盐法合成Bi2WO6光催化剂粉体,研究了不同前驱体所制粉体的物相、形貌,以其为催化剂,在可见光照射下降解罗丹明B溶液. 结果表明,用后二者为前驱体均可得到薄片状纯相Bi2WO6粉体. 加氨水所得沉淀为前驱体所制Bi2WO6粉体的光催化性能最好,在可见光照射下对0.01 mmol/L RhB溶液的降解率在60 min内达99%.     

花状钨酸铋纳米粉体的制备及其光催化性能研究

文章以Na2WO4·2H2O和Bi(NO3)3·5H2O为原料,采用简单水热合成法制备了具有三维花瓣状结构的Bi2WO6光催化剂,并利用SEM和XRD等方法对光催化剂的形貌和结构进行了表征。考察了反应时间、Bi2WO6加入量、染料罗丹明B的初始浓度和光强对罗丹明B光催化降解效果的影响。实验结果表明,160℃下24 h水热合成的Bi2WO6光催化剂,以氙灯(不加滤光片)为光源,在500 W下光照60 min,对浓度为4.79 mg/L的罗丹明B溶液的去除率最高可达94.6%。由此可见水热合成的花瓣状Bi2WO6具有较高的光催化活性,在光催化降解染料废水方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

Bi2WO6在多孔Al2O3纤维上的原位生长及其光催化性能表征

以多孔Al2O3纤维为载体,应用水热方法使Bi2WO6在纤维上原位生长.利用XRD、SEM等分析测试手段对样品进行表征,研究了在水热温度为180℃条件下,不同水热保温时间和pH值对纤维上Bi2WO6形成及结晶形貌的影响.分析评价了负载有Bi2WO6的多孔Al2O3纤维在可见光辐照下对RhB溶液的光催化降解性能.结果表明,Bi2WO6微晶不仅能够在比表面较大的多孔Al2O3纤维上原位生长,且致密均匀,并具有良好的针状结晶形貌.不同的水热保温时间和pH值对应生成的Bi2WO6结晶形貌以及光催化性能也呈现一定的规律,在保温时间为9h,pH=1的条件下,Bi2WO6生长的最为致密均匀,且保持多孔结构,在60 min内可使RhB降解95％.     

超大Bi2WO6微球的水热合成及光催化性能研究

以硝酸铋、钨酸钠为原料,采用水热法合成了超大Bi2WO6微球,并使用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、紫外可见分光光度仪等手段对样品进行表征,考察了其可见光催化降解RhB的性能。结果表明,水热反应生成了结晶度较高的且具有大量孔结构的超大微球,样品的吸收阈值位于可见光范围内,禁带宽度为2.71eV。样品经可见光照60min,RhB的降解率达到93.2%,循环使用6次后,光催化性能未出现大幅减弱。     

低温固相反应合成Bi2WO6粉体及其可见光光催化性能

以Bi(NO3)3?5H2O和Na2WO4?2H2O为原料,采用固相法直接合成Bi2WO6粉体,研究了反应温度和保温时间对产物物相、形貌及可见光光催化性能的影响. 结果表明,350℃下保温2 h所得粉体含少量Bi2O3和Na2W4O13杂质,但光催化性能最好,可见光照射90 min对0.01 mmol/L RhB溶液的降解率达95%,且经5次循环后光催化活性和化学稳定性良好.     

pH值对Bi2WO6粉体的微波水热法合成及光催化性能的影响

以Na2WO4·2H2O和Bi(NO3)3·5H2O为原料,采用微波水热法通过调节pH值在200℃合成出花簇状和片状Bi2WO6粉体.利用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、选区电子衍射和高分辨透射电子显微镜等对Bi2WO6粉体进行了表征,并对合成粉体的光催化性能进行了研究.结果表明:pH值对Bi2WO6...     

Bi2WO6的静电纺丝法制备及其光催化性能

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、钨酸铵[(NH4)10W12O41]和柠檬酸铋铵(C6H13BiN2O7.H2O)为原料,利用静电纺丝技术成功制备了PVP/C6H13BiN2O7.H2O-(NH4)10W12O41(简写为PVP/BiWO)前躯体,对PVP/BiWO缓慢控温处理制得Bi2WO6。采用差热-热重分析(TG-DTA)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、紫外可见漫反射(UV-Vis-NIR/DR)等分析手段研究热处理温度对材料结构的影响,通过罗丹明B(RhB)光降解反应研究其光催化性能。结果表明,可见光照射下,热处理温度600℃时材料的光催化活性最好,并探讨了其光催化机理。     

Bi2Sn2O7粉体微波水热法制备及其吸附-可见光催化性能研究

以物质的量比为1∶1的Bi(NO3)3.5H2O和Na2SnO3.3H2O为原料,采用微波水热法合成Bi2Sn2O7粉体。采用XRD、SEM对粉体的晶相和形貌进行了表征,并以甲基橙为目标污染物,测试粉体的光催化性能。研究了合成时间、合成温度等因素对样品催化性能的影响,同时以KI、NBT及乙腈作为抑制剂,检测光催化过程产生的活性物质。结果表明:200℃、30 min微波水热合成的2 g/L Bi2Sn2O7粉体在暗光条件下搅拌2 h,对20 mg/L甲基橙溶液的吸附率为40%,将其置于250 W的卤素灯下光照2 h,甲基橙溶液的脱色率达95%以上。活性物种的检测表明光催化过程产生的主要活性物种为·OH和·O2-。     

纳米花瓣状Co_3O_4/NiO的制备及其光催化性能研究

以氯化钴、氯化镍和六次亚甲基四胺为原料,通过水热反应合成Co_3O_4/NiO前驱体材料,经过煅烧得到Co_3O_4/NiO样品。研究不同煅烧温度对样品形貌的影响,并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)检测样品的结构和形貌,结果表明:在400℃煅烧后,得到纳米花瓣状结构Co_3O_4/NiO,花瓣厚度为50nm,表面有多孔结构。对比纳米花瓣状Co_3O_4/NiO、Co_3O_4、NiO和无催化剂条件下对吡啰红B(PB)的紫外光降解效率,纳米花瓣状Co_3O_4/NiO表现了最好的光催化活性,在180 min后对PB的降解率达95%。     

Na7Co（H2O）CrW11O39·14H2O光催化降解孔雀石绿的研究

以取代型杂多酸盐Na7Co(H2O)CrW11O39.14H2O为光催化剂。在紫外灯辐射下,研究了模拟染料废水孔雀石绿的光催化降解的反应,讨论了催化剂投加量、孔雀石绿的初始质量浓度、溶液的pH值等对孔雀石绿降解率的影响。结果表明,孔雀石绿溶液光催化降解的最佳条件为:pH值为2,催化剂投加量为2 mg,孔雀石绿的初始质量浓度为5 mg/L,经15 W紫外灯照射1 h后,其降解率为90.94%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。