水热法改性凹凸棒石及其吸附性能的研究

分别以葡萄糖和淀粉为碳前驱体,凹凸棒石为原料,水热法制备有机改性凹凸棒石。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及吸附性能,考察葡萄糖和淀粉对凹凸棒石的形貌和性能的影响。结果表明,在制备改性凹凸棒石的过程中,碳前驱体对产物形貌和吸附性能有着明显的影响。葡萄糖分子在水热条件下碳化为直径50 nm碳颗粒,均匀负载在凹凸棒石表面,复合材料中含有─CH有机官能团;淀粉碳化为直径40~80 nm的碳球,不均匀的负载在凹凸棒石的表面,且表面含有─CH有机官能团。采用葡萄糖和淀粉为碳源的有机改性凹凸棒石对苯酚的去除率分别为70%和46%,分别是纯凹凸棒石对苯酚去除率的4倍和2.5倍。     

纤维素制备生物炭及其对亚甲基蓝吸附性能的评价

实验以纤维素为原料,采用水热碳化法制备生物炭,并用氨水对其进行表面改性用以吸附亚甲基蓝。结果表明,260℃水热碳化纤维素所得生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附效果最佳,用10%氨水改性后,生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能进一步提升。在吸附温度为55℃时,改性生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附率为93.5%,比未改性时提高了75.1%。反应动力学可用准二级反应模型描述。     

富氧官能团纳米碳/伊利石复合材料的制备及吸附性能研究

以伊利石为载体、葡萄糖为碳源,采用水热碳化、低温热处理法制备出富氧官能团纳米碳/伊利石复合材料,结合红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、热重(TG)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和N2吸附-脱附曲线、Boehm滴定等表征手段,探究富氧官能团纳米碳/伊利石复合材料的表面性质,并对影响复合材料吸附性能的因素进行了研究.结果表明:葡萄糖水热产物以无定形纳米碳形式均匀负载在伊利石表面,使复合材料表面含氧官能团数量得到增加;在水热碳矿比3:1,煅烧温度300 ℃,溶液初始pH=8的条件下,复合材料对溶液中亚甲基蓝吸附效果最好,亚甲基蓝的去除率为99.368％.     

Fe_3O_4/纤维素磁性纳米材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

以纤维素和氯化亚铁为主要原料,制备了一种新型的磁性纳米复合材料,用于吸附水溶液中的亚甲基蓝,探索了Fe_3O_4与纤维素的质量比、反应时间、吸附剂用量、亚甲基蓝初始浓度等对材料吸附性能的影响。结果表明,Fe_3O_4/纤维素复合材料吸附亚甲基蓝的最佳条件为:2 mL初始浓度10 mg/L的亚甲基蓝废水,Fe_3O_4/纤维素质量比为1∶8,吸附剂用量为8 mg,吸附反应时间为10 min。在此条件下,Fe_3O_4/纤维素复合材料对亚甲基蓝的去除率可达91%。Fe_3O_4/纤维素复合材料吸附亚甲基蓝的过程符合Langmuir模型。该新型复合材料的吸附性能和磁性能有力的结合,使其具有易分离、易回收且能够循环利用的特点。同时,该材料制作成本低、适宜大规模生产。     

Fe_3O_4/纤维素磁性纳米材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

以纤维素和氯化亚铁为主要原料,制备了一种新型的磁性纳米复合材料,用于吸附水溶液中的亚甲基蓝,探索了Fe_3O_4与纤维素的质量比、反应时间、吸附剂用量、亚甲基蓝初始浓度等对材料吸附性能的影响。结果表明,Fe_3O_4/纤维素复合材料吸附亚甲基蓝的最佳条件为:2 mL初始浓度10 mg/L的亚甲基蓝废水,Fe_3O_4/纤维素质量比为1∶8,吸附剂用量为8 mg,吸附反应时间为10 min。在此条件下,Fe_3O_4/纤维素复合材料对亚甲基蓝的去除率可达91%。Fe_3O_4/纤维素复合材料吸附亚甲基蓝的过程符合Langmuir模型。该新型复合材料的吸附性能和磁性能有力的结合,使其具有易分离、易回收且能够循环利用的特点。同时,该材料制作成本低、适宜大规模生产。     

水热碱改性枣木炭及其吸附性能研究

为处理净化印染废水,以枣木炭为原材料,利用KOH溶液在水热反应釜中对其进行改性处理,并考察其物理特性及吸附性能变化。结果表明,枣木炭经水热碱改性处理后,BET比表面积和孔数量都有所增加,其对亚甲基蓝吸附量也明显提高。改性处理效果最好的枣木炭在10 min内亚甲基蓝吸附量可达70.491mg/g,较未改性前提升了239.5%。此外对吸附过程进行动力学分析发现,改性枣木炭吸附亚甲基蓝以化学吸附为主。研究结果可为生物炭在工业废水处理中的应用提供参考。     

磷钨酸/碳球复合材料的制备与应用

以葡萄糖为原料,采用水热法合成纳米碳球。合成的碳球用硝酸进行处理,然后用磷钨酸进行附载,制备了碳球负载磷钨酸复合材料。采用IR、SEM技术对材料进行表征,同时研究了样品光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的效能。研究显示,碳球负载磷钨酸作为催化剂降解10 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液,经过180 min的反应后,亚甲基蓝的降解率达到92%,明显的高于纯磷钨酸做催化剂的20%。     

酸改性玉米秸秆碳前驱体吸附亚甲基蓝阳离子染料性能研究

采用低廉易得的玉米秸秆为碳源,盐酸、硫酸和磷酸改性后用于亚甲基蓝的吸附。不同温度吸附时,硫酸改性碳前驱体的吸附性能优于其他秸秆碳材料。形貌表征和表面官能团表征说明丰富的孔结构、羟基和羧基的引入及较强的氧化性是其吸附性能提升的原因。当pH为10,吸附时间为120 min时,硫酸改性吸附剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附率高达91%。该碳前驱体在吸附水中阳离子染料方面具有实践意义。     

GO-ATP纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

以GO-ATP纳米复合材料吸附水中亚甲基蓝(MB),最佳吸附条件:温度318.15 K,初始浓度100 mg/L,p H为10,60 mg GO-ATP纳米复合材料,吸附时间150 min。在此条件下,吸附效率最高为97.75%。GO-ATP纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,GO-ATP的吸附过程不只受内扩散影响。     

GO-ATP纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

以GO-ATP纳米复合材料吸附水中亚甲基蓝(MB),最佳吸附条件:温度318.15 K,初始浓度100 mg/L,p H为10,60 mg GO-ATP纳米复合材料,吸附时间150 min。在此条件下,吸附效率最高为97.75%。GO-ATP纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,GO-ATP的吸附过程不只受内扩散影响。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。