汽轮机部分进汽试验台振动数值分析

针对汽轮机部分进汽试验台建立三维计算模型,通过有限元方法对不同工况下汽轮机组的振动情况进行数值分析,并通过在基频下实验与模拟结果的比较,验证了数值计算的正确性,同时给出了在倍频上没有出现振动的原因。计算结果表明:不同工况下,转速、进口总压对激振力引起的基频振动都有较强的影响;随着进口总压的上升,机组在基频上的振动将加强,同时也要关注高频激振力引起的高频振动。计算的结果为机组的安全运行提供了有价值的数据。     

汽轮机组汽流激振故障原因及分析

通过对近年来我国汽轮机组汽流激振故障案例进行整理,归纳分析了汽流激振事故原因,得出蒸汽激振力过大和轴瓦稳定性差这两个方面为汽流激振的主要原因．从发生部位、低频振动频率特征、低频振动振幅变化、与运行参数的关系以及其他相关特征几个方面分析了汽流激振的主要振动特征．根据分析结果,总结提出了汽流激振故障诊断的依据,并提出采用降低蒸汽激振力、提高轴瓦稳定性等主要措施预防汽流激振故障,为机组安全稳定运行提供技术参考．     

600 MW汽轮机叶轮偏心汽流激振力分析与模拟

以某发电厂超临界600 MW汽轮机转子为研究对象,根据蒸汽做功原理对动叶流道处的动偏心激振力进行了分析.在围带汽封处采用CFD软件模拟涡动转子泄漏蒸汽的三维黏性流场,确定了汽流激振力.计算结果表明:在不对称进汽工况下,转子将受到较大的静态汽流力;当采用对称进汽时,汽流激振力很小,有利于提高转子的稳定性;与额定工况比较,在阀门全开(VWO)工况下,径向激振力的增幅很大,而切向激振力和泄漏量的增幅却很小,表明大型汽轮机采取对称进汽方式可以提高转子运行的稳定性.     

超超临界汽轮机调节级叶片的汽流激振力研究

采用CFD方法,以某典型超超临界机组为对象,研究了部分进汽条件下叶片所受的不平衡激振力,并进行了动应力分析;对不同进汽方式下的汽流激振力的频谱进行了研究,所做工作可以为汽轮机叶片设计提供理论依据。     

基于减小汽流激振力的顺序阀启闭规律优化设计

汽轮发电机组通常会因为进汽不均匀而产生汽流激振现象,对机组正常的安全生产造成威胁.本文针对某电厂改造后的机组出现的振动现象,从振动机理上对其进行了分析,判断该振动是源于汽流激振力,并进一步设计了五种顺序阀启闭规律以削弱汽流激振对机组产生的不良影响.试验结果表明,优化设计的顺序阀启闭规律有效抑制了机组的汽流激振问题,显著...     

某亚临界机组发生汽流激振故障分析和处理方案

通过对某亚临界325MW机组发生汽流激振故障案例进行整理,归纳分析了汽流激振事故原因,得出蒸汽激振力过大为汽流激振的主要原因。从发生部位、低频振动频率特征、低频振动振幅变化、运行参数的关系以及其他相关特征几个方面分析了汽流激振的主要振动特征。根据分析结果,总结提出了汽流激振故障诊断的依据,并提出处理方案降低蒸汽激振力、提高轴瓦稳定性等主要措施预防汽流激振故障,为机组安全稳定运行提供技术保证。     

核电半速汽轮机轴瓦振动大问题的分析及处理

某核电半速汽轮发电机组在工程调试和运行期间,部分轴瓦振动大,导致机组跳机。据此对机组进行了振动监测、进汽管道振动测量、轴承座固有频率测试等,并结合对激振力传递路径和振动响应的分析,得出振动大的原因为机组不均匀进汽和调节阀节流引起的宽频激振力传递至轴承座上盖,从而引发其结构的共振响应。通过现场检查消除安装偏差、优化调节阀开启方式、加固轴承座上盖等措施,有效降低了瓦振水平,保障了机组的安全稳定运行。研究经验可为其他存在类似问题的机组瓦振原因分析和寻求改进措施提供参考和借鉴。     

某台300MW机组汽流激振故障的分析和处理

某台300MW汽轮机的振动明显受到调门开启顺序和开度大小的影响,通过对机组的振动特征以及调门产生的汽流力进行分析、研究发现:采用调整阀门的开启顺序产生汽流力来提高轴承载荷并不能减小或消除该机组的振动,反而增大了机组的振动;原因是转子在汽缸中的径向位置发生了变化,改变了通流部分的间隙;通过采取合理的调门开启顺序和开度减小转子在汽缸中的偏移,虽然轴承偏心率减小、轴承载荷下降,但是振动水平明显降低了。由此可知,抑制汽流激振的方法有若干种,有些方法在现场实施起来可能会出现矛盾,此时首先需分析引起汽流激振的主要因素,然后采取能解决问题的关键措施,才能取得满意的效果。     

超超临界百万机组不稳定振动故障分析与处理

某电厂百万机组在投运中出现不稳定的振动,高负荷下汽轮机高压轴振易突增。通过振动分析表明,汽流激振是引发不稳定振动的关键因素。依据现场收集的信息,确定了作用在汽缸上的管道力过大造成高压动静中心偏差严重,从而引起较大汽流激振力。通过对冷段管道优化、调整汽缸中心、提高轴承载荷等措施,机组的不稳定振动得到彻底解决。该事例对同类故障处理有很好的参考价值。     

汽轮机转子涡动汽流激振力分析与CFD数值模拟

汽轮机转子涡动时轴心偏离静子中心产生轴系失稳的Thomas/Alford汽流激振力,传统的叶顶间隙激振力公式对此不能全面准确评估。该文综合考虑转子涡动以及围带汽封二次流,在动叶通道,根据蒸汽做功分析涡动效应激振力;在叶顶围带汽封,用CFD数值模拟泄漏蒸汽三维粘性流场,确定蒸汽激振力。研究结果表明小的静偏心和动偏心条件下,转子涡动动偏心在动叶通道诱发的激振力要大于静偏心激振力;围带汽封汽流预旋速度对间隙激振力有重要影响;调门不对称进汽也是蒸汽激振力的另一个重要来源。     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

Measurements of concentration distribution of hydrogen jet using deflection of center of the laser spot

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new method to evaluate the concentration distribution of the hydrogen jet by using a He–Ne laser through the jet. This research attempts to apply the expression of concentration Gaussian distribution, the refraction formula of inhomogeneous refractive index medium, and the concentration inversion function to disclose the displacement of the center of the laser spot at different heights in the gas jet. The spot images of the laser beam passing through the gas jet at three vertical heights z = 10d, 20d, 30d, and different radial positions are obtained. The radial spatial asymmetry of the gas jet is also found in the experiment. Finally, the calculated concentration distribution curve and the fluent simulation curve, it is found that the two results are very similar. Our findings show that the error between the concentration distribution of this method and the simulated concentration distribution reaches 2.43%.     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996