制备条件对钯/陶瓷膜催化剂性能的影响

将钯纳米颗粒负载于陶瓷膜表面制备钯/陶瓷膜催化剂,并用于对硝基苯酚催化加氢反应中,考察了陶瓷膜孔径,硅烷偶联剂KH550溶剂及其浓度和改性时间,钯盐浸渍浓度、温度及时间以及还原温度对膜催化剂催化性能的影响.结果表明,采用孔径为200 nm 的氧化铝陶瓷膜,在6g/L的硅烷偶联剂KH550溶液中浸渍48 h,然后在40℃的浓度为0.030 mol/L乙酸钯溶液中浸渍20 h,最后采用水合肼在0℃还原30 min,得到的钯/陶瓷膜催化剂在对硝基苯酚催化加氢反应中显示了较好的催化性能,其加氢速率达15.5 mol/(h·m2).     

钯/陶瓷膜催化剂上对硝基苯酚加氢宏观动力学

对硝基苯酚催化加氢法是制备对氨基苯酚的一种清洁合成工艺。采用液相浸渍还原法将钯催化剂负载于陶瓷膜表面制备钯/陶瓷膜催化剂,对该膜催化剂上对硝基苯酚加氢的宏观动力学进行了研究。在高压反应釜中考察了对硝基苯酚浓度、氢气压力以及反应温度等因素对对硝基苯酚加氢速率的影响,并采用幂函数方程进行实验数据拟合。实验结果表明,反应对对硝基苯酚呈0级,对氢气是1.05级,反应活化能为17.88 kJ/mol,指前因子为2 304 mol/(h·m2·MPa1.05)。依据上述结果建立了反应的宏观动力学方程,并对模型进行验证,结果表明模型计算值与实验结果吻合较好。这可为钯/陶瓷膜催化对硝基苯酚加氢制备对氨基苯酚的过程开发提供基础数据。     

常压催化加氢合成3-氟-4-氨基苯酚新技术

用浸渍法制得0.2%铁元素改性的Ti O2为载体的负载5%Pd催化剂,用于3-氟-4-硝基苯酚常压催化加氢合成3-氟-4-氨基苯酚,用熔点、元素分析、IR和1H NMR对它的结构表征为目标产物;确定优化工艺条件为:0.1mol硝基物,0.26g催化剂,60mL无水乙醇作溶剂,反应温度为40°C,0.1MPa下加氢反应3h,产率为98.6%,产物的纯度达99.2%。     

负载Pd-Fe双金属催化剂催化含氟芳香硝基化合物的选择性加氢

采用浸渍法制备了负载Pd-Fe双金属催化剂,考察了催化剂常压下催化3-氯-4-氟硝基苯的选择性加氢性能。结果表明,用硼氢化钾还原,在500℃焙烧4h,钯和铁的质量分数分别为5％和0．2％的TiO2负载Pd-Fe催化剂,具有很好的催化活性和选择性。在3-氯-4-氟硝基苯0．1mol,催化剂0．26g,无水乙醇80mL,50℃,0．1MPa和反应2h的条件下,TiO2负载Pd-Fe催化剂催化3-氯-4-氟硝基苯加氢反应,反应产率98．1％,3-氯-4-氟苯胺选择性99．1％。TiO2负载的Pd-Fe催化剂用于催化其他含氟芳香硝基化合物的常压加氢也表现出很高的催化活性和选择性,无脱卤现象。     

钼改性骨架镍的结构特征及其对硝基T酸液相加氢制备T酸的催化作用

对钼改性骨架镍的结构特征进行了研究,考察了其在中性至偏碱性水溶液中催化硝基T酸液相加氢制备T酸的作用。优化出适宜的反应条件为:反应温度80~130℃,反应压力2.5~3.5 MPa,硝基T酸的初始浓度0.63 mol/L,m(催化剂)∶m(硝基T酸)=8∶1 000。研究表明,钼改性骨架镍催化活性高,性能稳定,催化剂连续套用15次,硝基T酸转化率均高于98.2%。     

5-硝基-1,10-邻菲罗啉还原合成5-氨基-1,10-邻菲罗啉的研究

综述了硝基化合物还原制备氮基化合物的主要方法。分别以氯化亚锡-盐酸、铁粉-硫酸、5％Pd／C-水合肼为催化加氢还愿体系,还原5-硝基-1,10-邻菲罗啉合成了5-氮基-1,10-邻菲罗啉。结果表明：钯炭催化剂与水合肼组成的还原体系具有较好的还原效果。     

Pd/C催化剂制备条件优化及其在4-氨基二苯胺生产中的应用

采用浸渍法制备了Pd/C催化剂,考察了催化剂制备过程中加料方式、还原方法、载体种类、钯质量分数和浸渍液质量浓度对催化剂性能的影响,得到了制备Pd/C催化剂的优化工艺条件:载体为NH-03型活性炭,浸渍液质量浓度为20 g/L,采用滴加的方式将PdCl_2溶液加至活性炭浆液中,还原剂为(w)20%的次亚磷酸钠溶液,钯质量分数为5%。优化制备条件下制得的Pd/C催化剂用于催化加氢制备4-氨基二苯胺,表现出较好的活性,其中4-硝基二苯胺和4-亚硝基二苯胺转化率均可达到100%,4-氨基二苯胺选择性大于99%,加氢反应时间小于30 min。催化剂SEM表征结果表明:自制的Pd/C催化剂表面活性炭载体凸起部分与Pd粒子粒径相当,有利于Pd粒子在活性炭表面的负载,提高Pd粒子的吸附牢固度和分散性,进而提高了Pd/C催化剂的活性。     

ZnCl_2改性活性炭负载磷钨酸催化氧化NMST制备NMSBA

[目的]提高活性炭负载磷钨酸(HPW@C)催化氧化2-硝基-4-甲砜基甲苯(NMST)制备2-硝基-4-甲砜基苯甲酸(NMSBA)的催化能力。[方法]使用ZnCl_2对HPW@C催化剂进行改性,找出最佳改性条件并探究原因。[结果]在浓度为0.10 mol/L的ZnCl_2溶液中浸渍6 h,并在600℃下活化4 h的活性炭所制备的HPW@C催化剂催化氧化NMST制取NMSBA效果最佳。反应90 min时,最佳改性条件下处理的活性炭所制备的HPW@C催化剂比未改性的催化剂NMSBA的浓度提升10.68%。[结论]ZnCl_2改性后的活性炭所制备的HPW@C催化剂,提高了HPW@C催化氧化NMST制取NMSBA的能力。BET和Boehm数据显示,活性炭表面积的增加以及酸性官能团的提高增强了催化剂的催化能力,其中介孔在催化氧化NMST制取NMSBA中起到重要的作用。     

用Pd-Fe/TiO2常压催化加氢合成3-氟-4-氨基苯酚的研究

以自制的Pd-Fe/TiO2为催化剂,对3-氟-4-硝基苯酚常压催化加氢得到3-氟-4-氨基苯酚,用熔点、元素分析I、R和1H NMR对他们的结构进行了表征,证明为目标产物;确定优化工艺条件为:0.1 mol硝基物,催化剂0.26 g,无水乙醇作溶剂,用量为60 mL,反应温度为40℃,0.1 MPa下加氢反应3 h,产率为98.6%,产物的纯度达99.2%。     

Pd/KL催化剂高效催化苯酚选择性加氢制环己酮的研究

以KL分子筛为载体,采用浸渍法制备了Pd/KL负载型催化剂,对比了不同载体的钯负载型催化剂的苯酚选择性加氢反应及反应条件等对其催化活性和产物选择性的影响。结果表明,催化剂载体性质对该反应的催化性能具有较大的影响,载体表面碱性较强时,催化剂表现出更高的催化活性;由于KL分子筛载体中特殊的阳离子分布(孔道中必须存在K⁺),使分子筛表面呈碱性,因此表现出优异的催化性能。在反应温度为60℃、反应时间为6 h时,其苯酚转化率可达96. 1%,环己酮选择性达到94. 4%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。