SHS陶瓷内衬复合管合成及陶瓷致密化技术

本文通过比较离心SHS技术和重力分离SHS技术的合成工艺 ,从理论上阐述合成SHS陶瓷内衬复合管所涉及的燃烧合成、液相分离和陶瓷凝固三个重要过程 ,并着重探讨了SHS陶瓷内衬复合管技术研究领域中陶瓷致密化问题 ,提出了提高SHS陶瓷内衬复合管质量的有效途径     

SHS陶瓷内衬复合管合成及陶瓷致密化技术

本文通过比较离心SHS技术和重力分离SHS技术的合成工艺，从理论上阐述合成SHS陶瓷内衬复合管所涉及的燃烧合成、液相分离和陶瓷凝固三个重要过程，并着重探讨了SHS陶瓷内衬复合管技术研究领域中陶瓷致密化问题，提出了提高SHS陶瓷内衬复合管质量的有效途径。     

陶瓷内衬复合钢管在混凝土输送管道上的应用

随着我国持续加大基础建设投入,混凝土需求量越来越大,对混凝土输送管道的使用性能提出了更高的要求。文章介绍了一种自蔓延高温合成技术,即SHS技术制备陶瓷内衬复合钢管的方法,并分析比较了普通合金钢管、双金属复合钢管和陶瓷内衬复合钢管的使用经济性,得出陶瓷内衬复合钢管使用成本最低,使用寿命最长。     

陶瓷复合方钢管的制备及有限元分析

目前,在方钢管内制备陶瓷层的技术还不成熟.采用重力分离法(SHS),在大截面方钢管内使用型钢作管芯,制备了表面光滑、厚度为1.5-3.0 mm,硬度为1100 HV以上的氧化铝内衬陶瓷层;采用ANSYS软件对陶瓷内衬方管的传热过程进行了模拟计算,并分析了结合力产生的原因.结果显示:钢基体与陶瓷层为箍紧式机械结合;衬层厚度不同,方钢管的温度-时间曲线和残余应力分布不同.陶瓷复合方钢管制备中的冷却温度变化状况可为工艺参数的选择提供参考.     

氧化铁粉末化学组成对合成SHS复合弯管内衬陶瓷的影响

基于重力分离SHS法制备陶瓷内衬复合弯管 ,研究了氧化铁粉末化学组成对SHS复合弯管内衬陶瓷的影响 .研究发现在铝热剂相同质量分数条件下 ,存在于工业原料Fe2 O3 粉末的杂质比SiO2 添加剂对燃烧过程的稀释效应更为强烈 .在工业原料Fe2 O3 +Al体系中加入适量的Fe3 O4+Al体系 ,使燃烧温度、蔓延速率及SHS反应转化率均有所升高 ;但加入过量的Fe3 O4+Al体系 ,虽然使蔓延速率进一步增大 ,但却引起燃烧温度和SHS反应转化率有所下降 .实验表明 ,在工业原料Fe2 O3 +Al体系中加入 1 5 %的Fe3 O4+Al体系 ,使复合弯管内衬陶瓷性能达到并超过用分析纯Fe2 O3+Al体系所制备的复合弯管内衬陶瓷性能 .     

重力分离SHS内衬陶瓷涂层合成机理及添加剂行为

在采用SHS铝热 -重力分离技术制备陶瓷内衬复合管的基础上 ,研究了陶瓷涂层的合成机理及相应添加剂在合成过程中的行为 .研究得出 ,重力分离SHS合成过程经历燃烧合成、液相分离和陶瓷凝固三个基本过程 ,陶瓷层致密化贯穿于三个过程之中 ;SiO2 、CrO3 及NaF添加剂通过对三个过程的影响进而影响内衬陶瓷涂层与复合管的各项性能 .研究表明 ,在铝热剂为Al+Fe2 O3 +2 %SiO2 + 6%CrO3 + 1 %NaF条件下 ,内衬陶瓷涂层及复合管具有良好的综合性能 .     

SHS复合管内衬陶瓷层应力场分析

基于SHS冶金技术法制备陶瓷内衬复合钢管,对内衬陶瓷层应力场分布与强度进行了分析.经陶瓷材料弹性力学计算表明,在陶瓷层中分别存在着因钢管对陶瓷层的压迫作用所产生的压应力场和陶瓷层因快速冷却导致各部分温度不均所引起的热应力场,其中压应力场强度取决于钢管与陶瓷层的结合强度及陶瓷层壁厚,热应力场强度主要取决于陶瓷层冷却过程中的温度梯度与陶瓷层壁厚.     

机械振动对SHS陶瓷内衬复合管显微结构和力学性能的影响

通过在重力分离SHS法制备陶瓷内衬复合管过程中施以不同振幅与振频的单自由度上下往复式机械振动 ,研究了机械振动对SHS铝热燃烧、陶瓷凝固及复合管组织性能的影响 .研究发现 ,机械振动并相应提高振频可以提高燃烧温度、燃烧速率和反应转化率 ,促进Al2 O3 Fe液相重力分离和陶瓷致密过程 ,并使陶瓷层的凝固组织发生改变 ;性能测试结果表明机械振动并相应提高振频可以提高复合管的各项力学性能指标和内衬陶瓷层的表面质量 .     

机械振动对SHS 陶瓷内衬复合管显微结构和力学性能的影响

通过在重力分离SHS 法制备陶瓷内衬复合管过程中施以不同振幅与振频的单自由度上下往复式机械振动, 研究了机械振动对SHS 铝热燃烧、陶瓷凝固及复合管组织性能的影响。研究发现, 机械振动并相应提高振频可以提高燃烧温度、燃烧速率和反应转化率, 促进Al₂O₃-Fe 液相重力分离和陶瓷致密过程, 并使陶瓷层的凝固组织发生改变; 性能测试结果表明, 机械振动并相应提高振频可以提高复合管的各项力学性能指标和内衬陶瓷层的表面质量。     

自蔓延高温合成Al2O3陶瓷内衬复合钢管技术的现状及展望

自蔓延高温合成(SHS)Al2O3陶瓷内衬复合钢管是一种很有应用前景的复合材料,它具有优异的耐高温、耐腐蚀和耐磨损性能,且造价低廉,制造工艺简便.综述了自蔓延高温合成Al2O3陶瓷内衬复合钢管的特点、制备原理、影响因素、应用现状,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...