车用增压二甲醚发动机燃烧和排放特性的试验研究

在一台D6114ZLQB柴油机上进行了燃用二甲醚（DME）的燃烧和排放特性的试验研究。研究结果表明：二甲醚发动机的外特性转矩特别是低速转矩比柴油机高；二甲醚喷油延迟角比柴油大，最高爆发压力、最大压力升高率、燃烧噪声比柴油低；二甲醚扩散燃烧速率比柴油快，燃烧持续期比柴油短。和柴油机相比，二甲醚发动机的NO，排放显著下降，其欧洲稳态测试循环（ESC的NOx排放比原柴油机降低41．6％；二甲醚发动机在全工况范围内碳烟排放为零。     

车用多缸直喷柴油机燃用二甲醚的燃烧和排放特性研究

开展了4缸直喷柴油机燃用二甲醚时的燃烧和排放特性的研究。结果表明，适当增加喷油器伸出缸盖底平面的距离，采用流通截面较大的喷油器，降低启喷压力，可以提高CA498发动机燃用二甲醚时的热效率。燃用二甲醚时，发动机缸内的最大爆发压力和压力升高率低于燃用柴油时的情况。二甲醚发动机在所有工况下均可实现无碳烟排放，NO，排放约为柴油机的50％，CO和HC排放与柴油机相当。试验结果表明二甲醚是一种高效、低排放、燃烧噪声低的柴油机新型代用燃料。     

直列泵柴油机燃用二甲醚(DME)的燃烧排放特性分析

在一台增压直列泵柴油机进行了燃用柴油和二甲醚的试验,实测了缸内压力,并据此计算了燃烧放热率,对动力性及排放特性进行了对比分析。结果表明:发动机燃用二甲醚后,功率和扭矩都有所提升,选用9°CA和12°CA供油提前角时,在不同转速下的NOx排放均低于柴油;在全负荷情况下的最高燃烧压力和峰值放热率均低于柴油;二甲醚的喷油量是柴油的两倍,但二甲醚的燃烧速度高于柴油,所以二者的燃烧持续期相差不大;选用6孔的喷嘴比5孔喷嘴燃烧更加充分,但是较高的最高燃烧压力和燃烧放热律也使得NOx排放增加。     

ZS195柴油机燃用二甲醚的试验研究

根据二甲醚燃料的特性,在ZS195柴油机上进行了供油量、供油提前角、喷油压力的参数优化和匹配,以及这些参数对柴油机燃用二甲醚的动力性影响进行试验研究。并对燃油供给系统低压部分进行改造,保证发动机的正常运转。试验结果表明：ZS195柴油机燃用二甲醚燃料在中、低速区动力性优于原柴油机。发动机全负荷范围内达到无烟排放,NOx有较大幅度下降,噪声有所减小,二甲醚燃料是一种可代替柴油的有前景的清洁燃烧。     

二甲醚发动机燃烧特性的试验与数值模拟研究

在一台直喷式压燃发动机上开展了二甲醚燃烧与排放特性的试验与数值模拟研究。测量了二甲醚在高压燃油泵内的泄漏量及其与发动机转速之间的定量关系,并就发动机分别燃用二甲醚和柴油的运转性能进行了对比试验研究,结果表明,发动机燃用二甲醚要比燃用柴油具有更好的性能与排放水平;另从二甲醚低温着火的化学反应机理人手,开展了其自燃着火过程的数值模拟研究,进而建立了计及温度、压力和燃空当量比因素的DME滞燃期数据库;通过将该数据库与发动机循环模拟程序相耦合,对DME发动机的运转性能进行了变参数预测分析,预测结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

二甲醚在发动机气缸内喷雾燃烧过程的实验研究

在可视化光学发动机上进行了二甲醚(DME)喷雾燃烧过程的试验，应用高速数字摄像机拍摄了柴油和二甲醚缸内喷雾燃烧过程，并应用计算机高速采集系统同步测量了缸内压力．高速摄影照片表明，二甲醚一离开喷嘴就迅速蒸发，可以明显看到缸内气流运动对油速“核心”的吹散作用，并造成二甲醚的碰壁油量较柴油的少．和柴油相比，二甲醚着火滞燃期短，着火位置更靠近燃烧室壁面，着火面大，燃烧初期火焰发展迅速．二甲醚压升滞燃期比发火滞燃期明显减小，而柴油两者几乎相等．在相同热值燃料条件下，发动机燃用柴油和二甲醚时，缸内最大爆发压力、燃烧放热率和平均指示压力几乎一样．高速摄影很难拍摄到二甲醚燃烧初期和后期的火焰照片．研究结果还表明，较小的涡流比有利于提高二甲醚发动机的性能。     

直喷式柴油机燃用二甲醚排放特性的研究

对柴油机燃用二甲醚的排放性能进行了研究,并与燃用柴油时的排放水平进行了对比。结果表明：发动机转速和平均有效压力对污染物排放有较大影响;与燃用柴油相比,燃用二甲醚可以大幅度降低ＮＯｘ排放,烟度为０,ＣＯ和未燃ＨＣ排放也有所降低,排放物中甲醛量增加。研究表明二甲醚是柴油机理想的低排放代用燃料。     

F-T柴油对直喷式柴油机燃烧和排放的影响

在两种不同供油提前角下研究了燃用F-T柴油对直喷式柴油机燃烧和排放特性的影响,结果表明:发动机不做任何调整时,与0号柴油相比,燃用F-T柴油的滞燃期较短,预混燃烧放热峰值较低,扩散燃烧放热峰值较高,最高燃烧压力和最大压力升高率较低,燃油消耗率和热效率都得到了改善,HC、CO、NOx和碳烟排放同时降低。当供油提前角推迟3℃A时,燃用F-T柴油燃烧持续期明显缩短,预混燃烧放热峰值、最高燃烧压力和最大压力升高率进一步降低,扩散燃烧放热峰值略有升高,燃油消耗率变化不大,NOx排放进一步降低, HC、CO和碳烟略有增加,其中HC排放与原柴油机相当,而CO和碳烟仍远低于原柴油机。     

二甲醚均质压燃、柴油补燃混合燃烧模式的试验研究

在一台4102直喷柴油机上研究了二甲醚（DME）均质压燃，柴油补燃混合燃烧模式对发动机性能、排放、油耗和燃烧特性的影响。试验结果表明，采用混合燃烧模式能有效降低发动机的碳烟排放及低负荷区域的NOx排放，但在整个工作区域内发动机的当量燃油耗偏高。此外，通过燃烧分析发现，大部分负荷下采用混合燃烧模式的发动机气缸最高燃烧压力比采用纯柴油的高，但最大压力升高率和压力升高加速度却比较低，因此发动机运行比较柔和。     

二甲醚发动机动力及排放性能研究

在一台车用单缸直喷柴油机上进行了燃用二甲醚的试验研究,结果表明:二甲醚发动机的动力性及排放性能优于柴油机.基于二甲醚燃烧数值仿真计算平台,建立氮氧化物模型.利用建立的平台计算二甲醚发动机在不同负荷下的动力及排放性能.得出:仿真结果与试验结果相同.研究结果表明:二甲醚发动机的NOx排放比柴油机大幅度降低,二甲醚发动机可以完全消除碳烟排放,二甲醚是一种可以替代柴油的理想清洁燃料.     

Study of combustion and emission characteristics of turbocharged diesel engine fuelled with dimethylether

An experimental study of a turbocharged diesel engine operating on dimethyl ether (DME) was conducted. The combustion and emission characteristics of the DME engine were investigated. The results show that the maximum torque and power of DME are greater than those of diesel, particularly at low speeds; the brake specific fuel consumption of DME is lower than that of diesel at low and middle engine speeds, and the injection delay of DME is longer than that of diesel. However, the maximum cylinder pressure, maximum pressure rise rate and combustion noises of the DME engine are lower than those of diesel. The combustion velocity of DME is faster than that of diesel, resulting in a shorter combustion duration of DME. Compared with the diesel engine, NO_x emission of the DME engine is reduced by 41.6% on ESC data. In addition, the DME engine is smoke free at any operating condition.     

二甲基醚（DME）燃烧特性研究

作者在定容燃烧弹上用火焰直接成像法研究二甲基醚 (DME)燃烧过程 ,研究了 DME的滞燃期和火焰传播特性以及不同环境温度和压力对燃烧过程的影响。研究结果表明 ,DME的滞燃期比柴油短 ,燃烧室内的温度和压力升高时 ,滞燃期缩短 ;DME的着火位置靠近喷嘴一侧 ,柴油与 DME的体积相同时 ,DME的燃烧持续期比柴油短 ;DME的燃烧火焰亮度比柴油小 ,表明 DME的燃烧温度比柴油低。燃烧后期 ,燃用 DME时 ,喷嘴有明显的泄漏现象。此外 ,作者在单缸直喷式柴油机上进行了燃用 DME的燃烧特性试验研究 ,研究结果表明 ,DME的预混合燃烧放热率比柴油低 ,缸内最大爆发压力和最大压力升高率比柴油低。由于喷油持续期延长 ,DME的燃烧持续期比柴油长 ,在上止点后 80° CA出现一个较大的放热峰值。     

Study of combustion and emission characteristics of turbocharged diesel engine fuelled with dimethylether

An experimental study of a turbocharged diesel engine operating on dimethyl ether (DME) was conducted. The combustion and emission characteristics of the DME engine were investigated. The results show that the maximum torque and power of DME are greater than those of diesel, particularly at low speeds; the brake specific fuel consumption of DME is lower than that of diesel at low and middle engine speeds, and the injection delay of DME is longer than that of diesel. However, the maximum cylinder pressure, maximum pressure rise rate and combustion noises of the DME engine are lower than those of diesel. The combustion velocity of DME is faster than that of diesel, resulting in a shorter combustion duration of DME. Compared with the diesel engine, NO _x emission of the DME engine is reduced by 41.6% on ESC data. In addition, the DME engine is smoke free at any operating condition. __________ Translated from Transactions of CSICE, 2006, 24(3): 193–199 [译自: 内燃机学报]     

直喷柴油机燃用二甲醚的试验研究

在直接喷射式柴油机上进行了燃用二甲醚的试验研究,对柱塞有效行程和柱塞直径、供油提前角、喷油压力、进气涡流比、喷嘴型式等燃烧系统主要参数对发动机功率和热效率的影响进行了研究,在燃料供给系统中增加燃油输送泵,消除了气阻,发动机可以在宽广的转速和负荷范围内稳定运行,发动机热效率比原机高３％ 。在优化燃烧系统参数的基础上对示功图和排放的测量及计算表明：二甲醚发动机最高爆发压力、最大压力升高率和 Ｎ Ｏｘ 排放均低于原机,烟度排放为０。试验结果显示了直喷式柴油机燃用二甲醚在降低排放方面的优越性能。     

Combustion characteristics of a direct-injection diesel engine fueled with Fischer-Tropsch diesel

Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) diesel fuel is characterized by a high cetane number, a near-zero sulphur content and a very low aromatic level. On the basis of the recorded incylinder pressures and injector needle lifts, the combustion characteristics of an unmodified single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine operating on F-T diesel fuel are analyzed and compared with those of conventional diesel fuel operation. The results show that F-T diesel fuel exhibits a slightly longer injection delay and injection duration, an average of 18.7% shorter ignition delay, and a comparable total combustion duration when compared to those of conventional diesel fuel. Meanwhile, F-T diesel fuel displays an average of 26.8% lower peak value of premixed burning rate and a higher peak value of diffusive burning rate. In addition, the F-T diesel engine has a slightly lower peak combustion pressure, a far lower rate of pressure rise, and a lower mechanical load and combustion noise than the conventional diesel engine. The brake specific fuel consumption is lower and the effective thermal efficiency is higher for F-T diesel fuel operation. Translated from Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2006, 40(1): 5–9 [译自: 西安交通大学学报]     

Combustion performance and emission reduction characteristics of automotive DME engine system

This article is a condensed overview of a dimethyl ether (DME) fuel application for a compression ignition diesel engine. In this review article, the spray, atomization, combustion and exhaust emissions characteristics from a DME-fueled engine are described, as well as the fundamental fuel properties including the vapor pressure, kinematic viscosity, cetane number, and the bulk modulus. DME fuel exists as gas phase at atmospheric state and it must be pressurized to supply the liquid DME to fuel injection system. In addition, DME-fueled engine needs the modification of fuel supply and injection system because the low viscosity of DME caused the leakage. Different fuel properties such as low density, viscosity and higher vapor pressure compared to diesel fuel induced the shorter spray tip penetration, wider cone angle, and smaller droplet size than diesel fuel. The ignition of DME fuel in combustion chamber starts in advance compared to diesel or biodiesel fueled compression ignition engine due to higher cetane number than diesel and biodiesel fuels. In addition, DME combustion is soot-free since it has no carbon–carbon bonds, and has lower HC and CO emissions than that of diesel combustion. The NO_x emission from DME-fueled combustion can be reduced by the application of EGR (exhaust gas recirculation). This article also describes various technologies to reduce NO_x emission from DME-fueled engines, such as the multiple injection strategy and premixed combustion. Finally, the development trends of DME-fueled vehicle are described with various experimental results and discussion for fuel properties, spray atomization characteristics, combustion performance, and exhaust emissions characteristics of DME fuel.     

二甲基醚/天然气双燃料均质压燃的燃烧特性

应用零维热力学模型和化学反应动力学模型计算并分析了二甲基醚(DME)／天然气(CNG)双燃料均质压燃(HCCI)运行工况范围，计算与试验结果相吻合．采用DME／CNG双燃料方式可以有效地扩展HCCI的运行工况范围，发动机转速为1400r／min，最大平均有效压力可达O．52MPa．在一台单缸直喷式柴油机上进行了DME／CNG双燃料HCCI燃烧过程的试验研究，结果表明，DME／CNG双燃料燃烧过程表现出明显的两阶段放热过程，随着CNG浓度增大，缸内最大爆发压力增大，燃烧始点略有推迟，燃烧第二放热峰值增大．而DME浓度对燃烧过程的影响主要通过影响第一阶段放热过程，进而影响第二阶段放热，随着DME浓度加大，第一放热峰值增大，燃烧始点提前，导致第二放热峰值增大，缸内最大爆发压力增大，主燃期缩短，当DME浓度太高时，发动机将出现爆震．