大功率HID灯电子镇流器启动电路的研究

分析了高压气体放电灯(HID)灯管在不同寿命阶段的启动特性变化及对电子镇流器点火电压的幅度和延续时间要求,探讨了大功率HID在老化时启动困难的原因.介绍了脉冲与谐振两种点火电路,并比较了它们的启动效果.设计使开关频率在一定范围连续变化的扫频电路,实现镇流器输出回路的谐振,产生幅值渐增至近4kV的交流连续波高压输出,可以使大功率HID灯可靠地启动,克服了老化灯管启动难的问题.     

New fixture applications for compact twin tube fluorescent lamps

New and efficient luminaires have been designed for compact, twin tube-type fluorescent lamps. One important example of these new fixture applications is the 1×1 ft luminaire with three 18 W high lumen twin tube fluorescent lamps. Performance comparisons with this luminaire type have been made using different 18 W lamps operating on preheat and rapid start-type ballasts. The preheat (switch start) measurements were made at 240 V and 50 Hz using single lamp reactor type ballasts, and the rapid start measurements were made at 120 V and 60 Hz using three-lamp electromagnetic and electronic ballasts. In addition, comparisons are made against an older technology 150 W incandescent downlight fixture with approximately the same light output level indicating the substantial improvement in system photometric performance for these new compact fluorescent light sources     

Effects of changing line voltage with various fluorescent systems

Standards as well as low-energy-type lamps were investigated on F40 96-in instant start and 96-in output systems using electromagnetic as well as electronic high-frequency ballasts. In all cases, reducing the line voltage reduces the input wattage, but in some cases the line current increases with decreasing line voltage. Although all the ballasts discussed herein have 120 V inputs, the 277 V versions tested exhibited the same characteristics     

HID灯和电子镇流器间的接口设计及镇流器可靠性研究

HID电光源在不断发展中,发展目标是追求更高的光效、更大的显色指数、更高的流明维持率和更长的使用寿命,而设计良好的电子镇流器可以帮助HID电光源朝这个目标不断迈进。在设计阶段,评估HID电子镇流器性能好坏的指标有许多,其中两点尤其关键,分别是同HID电光源的匹配性(LDI),和镇流器自身的可靠性。本文将首先简单介绍HID电光源的发展,然后根据HID灯的工作特性,列出主要的LDI指标要求,再探讨如何在HID电子镇流器中来实现这些LDI指标和提高自身的可靠性。最后介绍电子镇流器同HID灯接口性能的测试方法。     

Characteristics of Various F40 Fluorescent Systems at 60 Hz and High Frequency

Recent improvements in both lamp and ballast technologies have resulted in substantial performance gains for fluorescent lighting systems. High-frequency electronic ballasts as well as high-efficiency 60-Hz electromagnetic ballasts have been designed to provide both better starting and operating conditions for the lamps under their control. At the same time, smaller diameter lamps and more efficient lamp phosphors have been developed to improve system performance further. How these improvements can be utilized in practical lighting systems is reviewed. Comparison characteristics, luminaire performance information, and application data are discussed.     

Electrical and illumination characteristics of energy-savingfluorescent lighting as a function of potential

Various combinations of F40-T12, F96-T12 and compact energy-savings fluorescent lamps with core-coil and solid-state ballasts were tested at laboratory facilities. The illumination (footcandles), the active (watts) and reactive power consumption, as well as the harmonic content (percentage of the fundamental 60 Hz frequency) of the load current, were measured as a function of varying voltage levels. The electrical parameters showed markedly different characteristics when functionally related to voltage, in comparison to results obtained in 1976 under the same testing conditions. Fluorescent lighting incorporating solid-state ballasts revealed a harmonic content in the measured current larger at most odd multiples of the fundamental frequency than that obtained for lighting systems equipped with core-coil ballasts. Some compact energy-efficient fluorescent lamps with core-coil ballasts exhibited power factor readings as low as 0.50 at the voltage of 120 V. In most cases, strong correlation between illumination and varying voltage levels was not obtained over the range of voltages applied. A trend towards improved lighting efficiency occurred as potential was decreased from the nominal base of 120 V, i.e fc/W increased     

Effects of power line voltage variations on different types of400-W high-pressure sodium ballasts

This paper presents the results of laboratory tests to determine the effects of voltage sags, interruptions and fluctuations on high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps and ballasts. The way these ballasted lamps react to sags and interruptions in the laboratory is then compared to a model of the real-world electrical environment created from data gathered during three recent North American power quality surveys. This work also shows how HPS immunity to voltage variations depends significantly on the ballast type and the lamp age     

低频小功率金卤灯电子镇流器的研制

设计了一种适用于小功率金卤灯的低频高性能电子镇流器，在此基础上，试制成功50W、70W和100W金卤灯电子镇流器，实验结果证明这种电子镇流器具有良好的工作性能。     

HID灯电子镇流器有源功率因数校正电路设计

分析了高强度气体放电灯用电子镇流器有源功率因数校正电路的基本原理,讨论了实际应用问题。从最小开关频率和最高输入电压关系出发,对有源功率因数校正电路参数进行改进设计和计算,以满足设计和使用可靠性要求。进行了批量生产,测试了电路的技术指标,在供电电压波动频繁的油田现场稳定运行3年的结果表明,改进设计提高了电子镇流器的使用寿命和可靠性。     

一种金卤灯用电子镇流器及其控制方案

提出了一种高性能金属卤化物(MetalHalide,简称MH)灯用电子镇流器的电路拓扑。负载侧输出为低频方波电流,有效克服了MH灯声共振现象。高频开关管实现零电流软开关,提高了工作效率。采用起动和运行阶段不同的控制方法,实现了镇流器与灯特性的配合;给出了其相应的控制策略,并通过实验验证了该方案的有效性和可行性。     

HID气体灯电子镇流器的技术分析

介绍了荧光灯和HID气体灯电子镇流器的差异;分析了解决HID气体灯声共振问题的不同方法的特点,重点对低频方波电子镇流器进行介绍;最后介绍了HID气体灯电子镇流器的市场现状并对其发展做出展望。     

Performance of electronic ballast and controls with 34 and 40 WattF40 fluorescent lamps

The electric and photometric characteristics of 40-W, cool white (CW) and 34 W, so-called lite white (LW) F40 T-12 fluorescent lamps were compared by operating them with electronic ballasts, static controls, and dynamic controls of different designs. The energy-saving krypton-filled 34 W lamp-ballast system is, at best, slightly more efficacious than the standard 40 W argon-filled lamp-ballast system by virtue of the use of lite white phosphor. The 34 W system is shown to have limitations that include higher starting voltages, reduced temperature range of operation, smaller dimming range, and poorer color rendering than the standard cool white 40 W lamp system     

中国高效照明产品标准介绍(英文)

本文简要介绍几种主要的高效照明电光源产品,如卤钨灯、荧光灯、高压钠灯、金属卤化物灯和电子镇流器的国家标准的发展概况。     

高压钠灯电子镇流器的研究

阐述了高压灯气体放电的工作特性，分析了高压钠灯电子镇流器的技术要求和实际电路拓扑，研制成功高功率因数250W高压钠灯电子镇流器，给出了试验结果。     

功率LED替代灯的新颖谐振式Buck镇流器

LED灯发光效率高,寿命长,因此具有巨大的应用前景,并有望取代白炽灯。LED灯是低压电流型器件,需要LED镇流器(驱动电路)将公共电网的高压交流电转换为适合LED的低压直流电。为了保证整个LED照明系统具有高效率和长寿命,LED镇流器必须具有以上特性。相比于采用变压器降压,无变压器的降压变换器可以达到更高的效率,但此类变换器,如Buck变换器,在低占空比时要承受长时间的二极管续流,导通损耗大,效率低。因此,本文提出一种新颖的谐振式Buck镇流器,利用谐振可实现高电压转换比,转换效率高,工作时间长,且可以与已有的白炽灯调光器配合工作,可直接安装在白炽灯具上。实验结果证明了该镇流器的有效性,且成本低,适合于目前LED替代灯场合。     

一种小功率电子镇流器起动电路的设计

设计了一种小功率电子镇流器起动电路,该起动电路在起动时,能为灯提供足够的起动电压将灯点亮。在稳态时可以使灯工作于低频叠加高频的方波电压,从而避免了声谐振的发生。     

HID灯用低频方波电子镇流器数字控制策略研究

基于HID灯动态特性分析,提出一种适用于HID灯负载特性的控制规律,采用分段控制的积分分离式控制方法实现电子镇流器与HID灯动态特性的配合,给出了相应的控制策略。研究一种半桥低频方波HID灯电子镇流器,通过使HID灯与半桥开关管源极相连接,使灯电压和灯电流采样电路和半桥驱动电路共地,控制电路简单易于实现。实验结果证明,所提出的方案具有电路简单、控制灵活、灯平稳启动、恒功率输出和无声共振等优点。     

Automotive HID headlamps producing compact electronic ballastsusing power ICs

Incandescent halogen lamps have been the standard for automotive headlamps; however, metal halide high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps have slowly begun to be commercially used since the mid-1990s. The lighting system of the metal halide HID headlamp makes a great contribution to energy savings, longer lamp life and better visibility in traffic zones compared with halogen lamps. (Lamp life is lengthened because it prevents the loss of sodium metal as plus ions through the quartz of the lamp bulb.) This article describes power ICs consisting of full bridge inverters and their drivers in detail. Market requirements for electronic ballasts include more compact size, lighter weight, and lower cost. On the other hand, lamp manufacturers recommend that automotive metal halide HID lamps should be operated at negative voltage potential to the body of automotive headlight fixture in order to lengthen lamp life. In order to meet these requirements, a new multichip power integrated circuit (IC) for electronic ballast of automotive HID headlamps has been developed. Discrete power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are used for the inverter of the HID electronic ballast. It contains a high-voltage driver IC including a P-channel lateral double diffused MOSFET (LDMOS) to control the full bridge power MOSFETs     

Compatibility testing of fluorescent lamp and ballast systems

The rapid growth in the use of electronic ballasts for fluorescent lighting systems, and the corresponding increase in the number of new products and new manufacturers in the market, has raised a number of questions regarding the compatibility of the lamps and ballasts used in fluorescent systems. Because many of the new products start and operate lamps differently than previous products, the relevant American National Standards Institute requirements may no longer be adequate for addressing compatibility concerns. The impacts on system performance of the newer products have not been well established. This paper reports the results of a parametric study designed to test key hypotheses regarding the impact of ballast parameters on fluorescent lamp life. In this study, samples of 4-ft T8 fluorescent lamps were operated on duty cycles of 5 min on and 5 min off, using seven different ballast types. The results of the study indicate which parameters seem to have the biggest effect on lamp life, and can be used in establishing new performance standards for fluorescent systems     

高可靠性HID灯电子镇流器恒功率控制研究

HID（高强度气体放电）灯的亮度比传统的卤素灯高2～3倍,工作寿命更是高出10倍有余,色温在4000～12000K,接近日光。HID灯适用范围广,在室内室外体育场馆、汽车甚至消防照明领域都能见到其身影,其卓越的显色性使其在高档奢侈品商店的照明中占有不可动摇的位置,目前在欧洲对HID氙气灯的需求正以每年13％的速度增长。然而这一切也对如何保证HID灯正常稳定工作提出了相当苛刻的要求,为此,针对HID电子镇流器的研究一直是一个重点。不同于目前市场上大部分厂家的电子镇流器,本文提出了一套低成本、高可靠性的真正意义上基于HID灯自身功率控制的电子镇流器。