胶基型无烟气烟草制品中烟碱的释放行为研究

研制了一种用于体外评价胶基型无烟气烟草制品烟碱释放行为的模拟咀嚼机,并利用该设备结合高效液相色谱仪测试了4种市售胶基型无烟气烟草制品的体外烟碱释放率.该设备主要包括溶媒存储瓶、蠕动泵、恒温槽、循环水箱、载物台、空气压缩机、气缸、电机、气动夹子和释放液收集装置.其中循环水箱和载物台形成的测试腔用来模拟人体口腔,以人工唾液为溶媒,空气压缩机带动气动夹子反复挤压被测样品以模拟人体咀嚼状态.体内、体外烟碱释放测试结果表明:利用该模拟咀嚼机评价胶基型无烟气烟草制品烟碱释放行为的方法简便可靠,测试结果与人体使用该类产品时的烟碱释放情况接近.该技术对胶基型无烟气烟草制品的质量控制、烟碱生物利用度评价以及烟碱调控具有一定的应用价值.     

模拟溶出法研究袋装口含烟烟碱口腔释放规律

为准确探究袋装口含烟中烟碱溶出规律,利用新型口腔模拟溶出装置,模拟人体消费行为,建立了一种可靠、可控的烟碱体外溶出方法。应用该方法对几种典型袋装口含烟进行研究,结果表明:①通过对模拟口腔溶出装置参数包括温度、唾液流速、唾液加入量和口腔压力的调节,烟碱的体内体外溶出释放规律基本一致,说明该方法能很好地模仿袋装口含烟中烟碱的体内溶出规律。②不同类型口含烟烟碱溶出规律都呈现先快后慢的趋势,在20 min时所有产品烟碱溶出量都能达到60%以上,最高可达80%。③无纺布对袋装口含烟的烟碱溶出有一定的阻碍作用,烟碱复合盐型袋装口含烟较烟草粉末型产品具有高的烟碱溶出率。      

模拟溶出法研究胶基型嚼烟烟碱在口腔中的释放行为

为研究胶基型无烟气烟草制品中烟碱的口腔溶出规律,开发了一种新型口腔模拟溶出装置,并建立了烟碱体外模拟溶出研究方法。以市售胶基型嚼烟中烟碱的体内溶出量为参照,确定了该装置的咀嚼力度、咀嚼频率和唾液量等模拟溶出参数,考察了不同配方设计和制作工艺的典型胶基型嚼烟产品中烟碱的体外溶出规律。结果表明:(1)该装置可较好地模拟胶基型嚼烟中烟碱的体内溶出行为。(2)胶基型嚼烟中烟碱的溶出呈先快后慢的趋势。咀嚼15 min时,烟碱的溶出率在80%左右。(3)在溶出的初始阶段,胶基型嚼烟的包衣对其烟碱的体外溶出有明显延缓作用。(4)酒石酸-烟碱复合盐形式烟碱的溶出率在8 min内明显低于烟草超微粉末形式,且复合盐中烟碱的总体溶出率低于超微烟草粉末,表明复合盐具有明显的烟碱缓释效果。该方法为胶基型嚼烟的加工制作及质量控制提供了技术支撑。     

基于猪口腔黏膜模型的口含烟烟碱渗透速率的影响因素

为考察口含型无烟气烟草制品烟碱在口腔黏膜中的渗透行为,设计了透皮扩散池与猪口腔黏膜配套装置,结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,研究了口含烟所受压力、口含烟pH及含水率对其所含烟碱渗透速率的影响。结果表明:(1)在0.70~44.65μg/m L质量浓度范围内烟碱标准曲线的线性良好(R~2=1.000),回收率为96.45%~98.96%;(2)口含烟中烟碱透过猪口腔黏膜为直线规律,属于膜-贮库型;(3)在0.5~12.0 h内,施加6.65×10~(-2)N/cm~2的压力可显著提高烟碱的渗透速率;(4)含水率处于30%~50%之间时,pH=7.4~8.4的口含烟的烟碱渗透速率明显高于pH=5.3~5.4的口含烟。因此,可主要通过改变压力和口含烟pH来调控口含烟烟碱在口腔黏膜中的渗透行为。     

口用型无烟气烟草制品中烟碱的测定

为准确测定口用型无烟气烟草制品中烟碱的含量(质量分数),通过对样品前处理和检测条件进行优化,建立了测定口用型无烟气烟草制品(袋装口含烟、胶基烟、含化烟)中烟碱的气相色谱-氢火焰离子化法(GC-FID),并测定了23个袋装口含烟、20个胶基烟和2个含化烟样品。结果表明:(1)该方法的检出限0.01 mg/g,定量限0.05 mg/g;回收率90.2%~106.2%,日内和日间精密度分别为0.80%~3.27%和0.92%~4.81%。(2)所测定的袋装口含烟样品中有2个不含烟碱,其余21个样品中烟碱的含量为6.19~17.08 mg/g;胶基烟样品中烟碱的含量为1.20~3.95 mg/g,2个含化烟烟碱含量分别为0.85、1.62 mg/g。该方法灵敏度和准确度高,适合于口用型无烟气烟草制品中烟碱的定量检测。     

国外口含型无烟气烟草制品总烟碱、游离烟碱和烟草特有亚硝胺含量分析

采用CORESTA推荐方法测定了65种国外口含型无烟气烟草制品样品的含水率、烟碱、pH、游离烟碱和4种烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNAs).结果表明,口含型无烟气烟草制品的各项化学指标差异显著:含水率为12.07％ ～55.58％;pH为5.55～8.98;以湿重计,烟碱含量为5.41 ～27.68 mg/g,释放游离烟碱含量为0.63 ～ 10.46 mg/g,游离烟碱释放率为7.8％～72.3％;N-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)为0.31～17.00 μg/g,4-(N-亚硝基甲胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)为0.07～6.00μg,/g,N-亚硝基新烟草碱(NAT)为0.11 ～6.51 μg/g,N-亚硝基假木贼碱(NAB)为0.01 ～2.54μg/g,同一样品中4种TSNAs总含量为0.54～31.91μg/g.     

应用人造口腔模拟挤压装置研究口含烟烟碱释放的影响因素

为研究含水率、烟粉粒径和pH对口含烟烟碱释放率的影响,开发了一套模拟口含烟烟碱在口腔中释放的分析系统,并建立了口含烟烟碱体外释放的分析方法。参照Swedish Match GothiaTek~?标准制备口含烟样品,考察了不同含水率、烟粉粒径和pH条件下烟碱的体外溶出规律。结果表明:①含水率30%样品与10%样品相比,2 min内烟碱释放率提升40%;含水率超过30%时,样品的烟碱释放率变化不明显。②初始2 min内,烟粉粒径180μm样品的烟碱释放率是烟粉粒径1 700μm样品的3倍。③在6.7、7.4和8.5三个pH条件下,样品中的烟碱均可有效释放。④口含烟烟碱释放的3个影响因素模型符合指数函数,拟合系数R~2大于0.95。该研究结果可为口含烟的质量评价、烟碱释放调控提供参考。     

不同滤嘴结构的电加热烟草产品烟气主要成分逐口释放规律研究

[目的]分析电加热烟草产品烟气主要成分烟碱、甘油以及1,2-丙二醇的逐口释放行为.[方法]以不同长度滤嘴中空段、聚乳酸段以及醋酸纤维段的电加热烟草产品为研究对象,检测烟气主要成分烟碱、丙二醇与甘油的烟气逐口释放量,分析烟气逐口相对释放量与逐口释放量质量分数.[结果](1)不同滤嘴结构的烟草产品烟芯中烟碱、丙二醇与甘油的...     

国内口用型无烟气烟草制品专利分析

为使我国烟草行业相关科技人员准确把握口用型无烟气烟草制品的研发现状,预测今后的发展趋势,对国家知识产权局1985-2018年公开公告的有关口用型无烟气烟草制品的专利进行了检索和统计分析。结果表明:(1)1985-2018年口用型无烟气烟草制品中国专利共计270件,其中发明233件、实用新型28件、外观设计9件。其中袋装口含型专利占50%以上,是目前口用型无烟气烟草制品专利的主流技术。(2)2008年以来,口用型无烟气烟草制品中国专利申请经历了活跃期和高峰期,国内烟草行业专利申请总量于2013年超过国外烟草公司,专利申请量以云南中烟工业有限责任公司和中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院领先。国外烟草公司申请的口用型无烟气烟草制品中国专利中,雷诺士烟草公司的申请量最多,其次是菲利浦·莫里斯烟草公司和美国无烟烟草公司,且均为发明专利。(3)袋装口含烟关键技术是产品配方、制备技术、包装技术等,含化烟关键技术是制备工艺、产品形态、产品配方等;袋装口含烟专利在包装方式、缓释技术、熟化技术等领域涉及较少,含化烟专利在缓释技术、成型技术等领域涉及较少。     

国内口用型无烟气烟草制品专利分析

为给烟草行业相关科研技术人员研发口用型无烟气烟草制品(STP)提供参考,对1985—2015年国家知识产权局公开(公告)的有关口用型STP专利进行了统计和技术分析。结果表明:12008年以来,口用型STP专利一直保持较高的申请量并呈现持续增长趋势,专利申请量位居前列的申请人主要以国外烟草企业和我国烟草行业单位为主。2目前技术研发热点主要集中在原料配方、制备方法和产品形态方面,使用方式、添加剂和产品包装专利也较多。3未来的研究热点主要体现在配方技术、包装小袋材质(口腔内)、提高烟碱释放效率、控制烟碱释放速度以及所用基质、降低有害成分等方面,以提高使用的安全性和感官质量。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press