Al-12．7Si-0．7Mg合金脉冲MIG焊接头组织与性能

采用进口ER4047作为填充焊丝对Al-12．7Si-0．7Mg合金热挤压板材实施脉冲MIG直缝对焊．利用金相观察、显微硬度测定及拉伸性能测试等方法研究了焊接接头的显微组织与力学性能．结果表明：利用优化的焊接工艺参数,获得了外观和内部质量良好的焊缝,焊接接头平均抗拉强度为180MPa,达到基材的98％．     

强流脉冲电子束作用下纯铜的微观结构与腐蚀性能

为考察辐照对纯铜材料的影响,利用强流脉冲电子束(HCPEB)技术对多晶纯铜进行表面辐照处理,详细考察了辐照前后材料表面的微观结构状态和腐蚀性能。海水腐蚀极化曲线及电极化阻抗谱实验结果表明:十次强流脉冲电子束辐照后,纯铜的抗腐蚀性能显著提高。透射电子显微镜观察表明,HCPEB辐照在材料表层诱发了大量的过饱和空位缺陷,空位缺陷的凝聚可形成空位型位错圈和堆垛层错四面体(SFT)等空位簇缺陷。空位簇缺陷有助于形成厚而致密的表面钝化膜,钝化膜具有阻挡腐蚀性阴离子的能力,从而提高材料的抗腐蚀性能。     

异种高温钛合金电子束焊接接头组织与性能

针对高温钛合金焊接结构在大推力、高推重比飞行器中的高可靠性服役需求, 研究了激光焊接钛合金高温力学性能及变形机制。结果表明, 受焊接热循环影响, 焊接接头各区域的组织类型及形态、稀土相分布、晶粒尺寸、再结晶组织体积分数等存在显著差异。室温和600 ℃条件下维氏硬度由大到小依次为焊缝区、热影响区、母材区, 焊缝区高硬度主要源于其内部形成的细小针状α'相。高温导致接头各区域的硬度值下降约20%。室温和600 ℃条件下接头拉伸试样均断裂于母材区, 断口呈现出韧窝生长的穿晶断裂模式。接头试样的屈服强度和抗拉强度与母材相当, 而延伸率有所降低, 其源于焊缝区和热影响区的变形量较少。高温下母材和接头试样的强度均降低, 高温塑性变形以回复和再结晶致应变软化为主。

     

激光焊接650MPa相变诱发塑性钢的组织与性能

采用固体Nd:YAG激光器焊接拉伸强度级别为650MPa、厚度为1.2mm的相变诱发塑性钢(TRIP)薄板,利用光学显微镜和电子显微镜研究了其不同焊接速度下对接焊缝的形貌和组织特点。测试了接头的硬度和抗拉强度,借助杯凸试验对比研究了激光焊接接头和母材的成形能力,并分析了焊接速度对接头组织、性能的影响。研究表明:TRIP钢的相组成主要是大量铁素体、贝氏体和少量的残余奥氏体;激光焊缝金属则主要由马氏体构成。焊缝金属或焊接热影响区的近缝区具有最高的硬度。焊缝金属的屈服强度和抗拉强度在垂直于焊缝方向与母材基本相同,但在平行于焊缝方向明显高于母材。与母材相比,激光焊接TRIP钢薄板的冲压成型能力明显下降。     

Effects of welding wire composition and welding process on the weld metal toughness of submerged arc welded pipeline steel

The effects of alloying elements in welding wires and submerged arc welding process on the microstructures and low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals have been investigated.The results indicate that the optimal contents of alloying elements in welding wires can improve the low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals because the proentectoid ferrite and bainite formations can be suppressed,and the fraction of acicular ferrite increases.However,the contents of alloying elements need to vary along with the welding heat input.With the increase in welding heat input,the contents of alloying elements in welding wires need to be increased accordingly.The microstructures mainly consisting of acicular ferrite can be obtained in weld metals after four-wire submerged arc welding using the wires with a low carbon content and appropriate contents of Mn,Mo,Ti-B,Cu,Ni,and RE,resulting in the high low-temperature impact toughness of weld metals.     

Ce—Ca、Ce—Mg微合金化钢大线能量焊接热影响粗晶区组织与力学性能研究

研究Ce-Ca、Ce-Mg微合金化低合金钢大线能量焊接热影响粗晶区（CGHAZ）的力学性能、组织结构及夹杂物成分与形态。结果表明,Ce-Ca微合金化钢CGHAZ的力学性能优于Ce-Mg微合金化钢CGHAZ的力学性能;Ce-Ca微合金化钢CGHAZ中Ce、Ca的氧硫复合化合物夹杂物主要呈球状,Ce—Mg微合金化钢CGHAZ中Ce、Mg的氧硫复合化合物夹杂物主要呈扁条状;氧硫化物与奥氏体基体之间弹性模量和热膨胀系数差别大;氧硫化物近旁产生应变场是晶内针状铁素体（IAF）形成的主要控制因素。     

TC4钛合金薄板储能焊接头组织与性能

采用微型储能焊机对厚度为0．2mm的TC4钛合金薄板进行了快速连接,并研究了接头组织形貌及焊接参数对接头力学性能的影响。结果表明：储能焊能够实现TC4钛合金薄板的快速凝固焊接,焊接接头由熔核和熔核向母材过渡的熔合区（线）组成。极短的焊接时间和高的冷却速率,使得熔核凝固过程具有快速凝固特征,熔核中凝固组织得到显著细化。当焊接工艺参数为电压250V、电容6600妒、电极力20N时,接头剪切强度可达601MPa。     

高速客车转向架构架焊接接头组织与力学性能

采用混合气体保护焊焊接方法对进口S355J2W钢和国产09CuPCrNi-A钢两种耐候钢通过焊接机器人单面焊双面成型的方式进行自动焊接实验,通过拉伸、硬度和金相检验试验方法对得到的焊接接头显微组织和力学性能进行了分析研究。结果表明,两种钢材焊接接头抗拉强度均优于母材,具有良好的力学强度,能够满足国产化技术要求。两种钢的焊接接头焊缝组织类似,S355J2W钢焊缝主要为粗大板条状和块状铁素体加先共析铁素体,含少量珠光体和粒状贝氏体;09CuPCrNi-A钢焊缝主要为条状和针状铁素体加先共析铁素体,含少量珠光体和粒状贝氏体。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of automobile beam steels produced by EAF-CSP process

The microstructure, mechanical properties, and misorientation of automobile beam steels produced by EAF-CSP process were studied using optical microscopy （OM） and electron back-scattered diffraction （EBSD）. It is shown that the microstructure of strips is mainly polygonal ferrite, and the average grain size is about 5-8 μm. The electron back-scattered diffraction results show that grain boundaries in ferrite are basically high-angle grain boundaries without remarkable preferred orientation. Hot strips of automobile beam steels possess a good combination of strength and plasticity because of their fine microstructures and low quantity of impurities.     

AZ91磁控A-TIG焊电弧形态及焊接接头组织性能

为了分析磁场和活性剂对AZ91镁合金焊缝组织性能的影响规律并探究相应的作用机理,在A-TIG焊接过程中施加纵向交流磁场,采用高速摄影技术观察并拍摄电弧运动形态,对焊缝进行硬度、显微组织和物相组成分析.结果表明,当磁场电流为1.5 A、磁场频率为50 Hz、焊接电流为80 A、涂覆量为3 mg/cm~2时,焊缝硬度最大值为68.88 HV.在合适的磁场参数和活性剂配比下,电弧挺度最大,电弧收缩明显,此时电弧的搅拌作用致使晶粒显著细化,且析出相Al_(12)Mg_(17)明显增多,这对改善焊接接头的力学性能具有积极作用.     

S355J2W+N钢焊接接头显微组织与力学性能

使用国产焊丝H08MnSiCuCrNiⅡ,利用焊接机器人对S355J2W+N钢用MAG焊的焊接方法进行了焊接,通过拉伸、硬度和金相检验试验方法对焊接接头显微组织和力学性能进行了分析研究。结果表明:焊接接头具有较好的力学强度,最大硬度值215.2HV出现在焊接热影响区。焊缝组织主要为先共析铁素体、板条铁素体及少量珠光体和粒状贝氏体,过热区主要为块状先共析铁素体、珠光体、粒状贝氏体,细晶区主要是细小的铁素体和珠光体。     

Relationships between the precipitation of α2 ordered phase and alloying elements/electron concentration in α+α2 titanium alloys

Some experimental α α2 alloys were prepared by the addition of tin or aluminum elements into Ti-55 alloy. These alloys were designed with varied electron concentration values and named as Sn-rich alloys and Al-rich alloys, respectively. The precipitation and growth of α2 ordered phase in the tested alloys under various heat treatment conditions were investigated. Some comparisons among the experimental results were performed and discussed in detail. Stronger precipitation and growth of α2 ordered phase were caused in Al-rich alloys but relatively weak change in Sn-rich alloys with increasing the electron concentration. The precipitation of α2 ordered phase in Al-rich alloys is stronger than that in Sn-rich alloys when the electron concentration value is the same for the two alloys.     

Interfacial Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al/Mg Butt Joints Made by MIG Welding Process with Zn-Cd Alloy as Interlayer

Butt joints between Mg alloy AZ31 B and pure Al 1 060 sheets were produced via metal inert gas welding process with Zn-Cd alloy foil. Crack-free Al/Mg butt joints between AZ31 B Mg alloy and pure Al 1060 sheets were obtained. Intermetallic compound layer 1 and layer 2 had formed in fusion zone/Mg alloy and the average thickness of the layer 1 was about 50 μm. The intermetallic compound layer 1 consisted of Al12Mg17 and Mg2Si phases while layer 2 consisted of Al12Mg17, Mg2Si and Mg Zn2 phases. The crack started from the IMC layer at the bottom of the joint and propagated along the brittle IMC layer, then expanded into weld metal during the SEM in situ tensile test. The highest tensile strength of the dissimilar metal butt joints could reach 46.8 MPa and the effect ofinterfacial IMC layer on mechanical property of the joint was discussed in detail in the present study.     

数模转换技术在电子束焊机控制系统中的应用

根据电子束焊机控制系统的要求，利用数模转换技术实现了对电子束焊机各主要系统的控制．对电子束焊机的高压控制系统、束流控制系统和工作台运动控制系统的特点进行了分析，提出用PLC的特殊功能模块技术设计系统控制软件．硬件采用FX2N-128MT为中央控制系统实现对整机设备的控制．设备运行表明：设计的硬件和软件工作可靠，符合电子束焊接工艺的需要．     

Effects of N<Subscript>2</Subscript> pressure on the structural and electrical properties of tin films deposited by laser molecular beam epitaxy

Titanium nitride (TiN) films were deposited on Si(100) substrates by laser molecular beam epitaxy(LMBE), and their properties of structure and resistivity with varying N₂ pressure were investigated. The results showed that atomically flat TiN films with layer-by-layer growth mode were successfully grown on Si(100) substrates, and (200) was the preferred orientation. With the increasing of N₂ pressure, the N/Ti ratio gradually increased and the diffraction peak progressively shifted towards lower diffraction angle. At pressure of 0.1 Pa, stoichiometric TiN film was formed which exhibited the characteristic diffraction angle of (200) plane. All films showed high reflectance to infrared spectrum and the films with overstoichiometry and understoichiometry had a higher resistivity owing to the surface particles and lattice distortion, while the stoichiometric TiN film depicted the minimum resistivity, around 19 μΩ·cm.     

原位自生Sip/ZA40复合材料的组织及性能研究

采用原位自生铸造法制备了ZA40-1.5wt%Si、ZA40-3.0wt%Si、ZA40-4.5wt%Si和ZA40-6.0wt%Si合金,获得了Si颗粒分布均匀、尺寸细小、形貌规则的锌基复合材料。分析了复合材料的组织形貌,检测了复合材料的硬度和冲击性能。研究结果表明：高铝锌合金加入硅后,随着硅含量的增多,Si除了在组织中形成共晶硅相外,还析出初晶硅;随着硅含量的增加初晶硅相数量增多,合金的硬度提高,冲击韧性下降。