无线传感器网络多信道协议的调度机制

针对现有无线传感器网络多信道MAC协议没有区分数据业务优先级的问题,提出了一种基于区分服务的多信道协议（DP-McMAC）。该协议采用优先级调度策略和区分服务机制,对不同数据业务设置不同的退避参数和竞争窗口,并对提出的协议进行数学建模及延迟分析。仿真结果表明,该协议在高优先级数据的传输时延和吞吐量等性能方面比现有的协议均有所提高,并且保证了高优先级数据传输的实时性要求。     

DLD-MAC:一种区分服务的低时延传感器网络MAC协议

针对现有无线传感器网络MAC协议不能提供区分服务和传输时延较大的问题,在经典多跳传输协议DW-MAC的基础上,提出了一种具有区分服务功能的低时延MAC协议—DLD-MAC(Diffserv-based Low-Delay MAC)。其基本思路是让高优先级数据选择更小的竞争窗口,以降低时延和能耗。Markov建模分析表明,DLD-MAC能对不同优先级的业务流进行很好的服务区分,而且相较于传统的无线传感器网络MAC协议,其在时延性能上有显著优势,能更有效地保障服务质量。     

支持服务区分的多智能体Q学习MAC算法

媒体访问控制(MAC)协议负责协调所有认知用户的空闲信道接入服务,是认知 Ad-hoc 网络支持服务质量(QoS)的关键技术之一。在二进制指数退避算法基础上,提出一种支持服务区分的多智能体Q学习MAC算法。实时调整传输概率,使系统信道接入服务达到最优,建立传输概率调节的Markov链模型,导出分组的传输概率与协议参数的关系,给出基于服务区分的信道吞吐率模型,建立基于MAC协议参数学习的多智能体Q学习算法。实验结果表明,该算法能满足高优先级业务的QoS,且吞吐率和时延性能优于IEEE 802.11e EDCA机制。     

支持区分服务的无线传感器网络802.11 MAC协议

针对无线传感器网络不能提供数据流优先级区分的问题,提出了一种基于IEEE802.11MAC协议的改进机制。该机制通过引入新的控制分组,使目的节点可以拒绝接收来自低优先级节点的数据,从而确保了高优先级数据业务的服务质量。数学分析表明,该机制能够使高优先级数据流占用更多的带宽,并且降低了高优先级数据流的分组丢弃概率。能耗分析表明,高优先级数据业务能耗低于低优先级数据业务,随着节点密度的增加,该机制节能效果逐渐明显,适合于节点密度高的无线传感器网络。     

VANET网络中一种支持优先级区分的新机制*

提出一种支持优先级区分的MAC机制,并引入了两种新的操作机制,即接力传输和接力中断.受IEEE 802.11协议段突发机制启发,对于高优先级业务,MAC帧由源端被接力传输至目的端;对于不同优先级的业务,产生不同次数的接力中断.每次接力中断增加一次信道竞争,由此达到不同优先级业务的区分.NS-2仿真证明了该机制的有效性.     

802．11 WLAN区分服务机制及其性能分析

针对无线Ad Hoc网络不能区分数据流优先级的问题,提出一种基于802.11DCF退避算法的改进机制,该机制通过减少高优先级数据流的MAC层重传次数,使发送高优先级数据流（如实时数据流）的节点更容易连接信道,高优先级数据流占有更多带宽资源,从而减少传输时延。分析结果表明,该算法能有效提高高优先级数据流的传输性能。     

一种用于提高802. 15. 4网络性能的区分服务模型

IEEE802. 15. 4作为低速率、低功耗的无线传感器网络标准,其媒体接入控制(MAC)协议的竟争接入时段(CAP)对所有数据帧和节点都采用相同的竞争参数,不能为某些需要服务区分的应用提供很好的服务。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于区分服务的改进IEEE802. 15. 4机制以支持高QoS要求。该机制的主要思想是根据服务质量要求(时延及吞吐量)为不同的数据流分配不同的优先级,对不同优先级数据设置不同的数据帧长度和竟争参数来达到区分服务的目的。与此同时提出一种区分服务的不饱和马尔科夫链模型来分析所提出的机制。该模型评佑了采用此简单但有效的区分服务机制后两种优先级数据的信道接入概率、吞吐量、时延及能耗等性能。分析结果表明,此模型对区分服务起到了很好的效果。     

自适应低轨卫星MAC协议性能分析

针对低轨卫星通信信道碰撞检测能力弱,时延较长和大业务量的特点,提出一种具有接入控制机制的自适应APRMA MAC协议。通过对信道负载和业务优先级判断来确定不同业务的接入概率函数,并且接入概率在每个时隙中通过更新来动态适应系统资源的变化。该MAC协议确保多个终端合理共享有限的无线资源同时,系统能达到高容量。通过仿真对语音业务丢包概率、数据包平均时延和数据业务吞吐量三个衡量协议性能指标与传统协议进行分析对比,证明了APRMA MAC协议显著改善系统性能。     

自适应调度的增强QoS保证机制

针对IEEE802.11的媒体接入控制层QoS支持技术进行了研究.基于无线局域网MAC层DCF和EDCF两种退避机制,提出了一种增强型自适应慢速递减的EASDCF方案,并在此基础上的结合IEEE802.11e的业务分级的思想,通过最大竞争窗口和重传次数的不同来区分不同的优先级,并对每个优先级进行区分服务.仿真结果表明,EASDCF机制所采用的分级策略提高了时延敏感业务的吞吐量,并使丢包率敏感的数据业务得到可靠保障,该算法能够有效地增强网络的QoS,提高整个网络的性能.     

无线体域网MAC层IEEE802.15.6协议研究

在无线体域网中,IEEE 802.15.6协议可以满足不同的体域网应用要求。控制无线信道和能量消耗的MAC层协议在保障高服务质量,低功耗和高数据传输率方面有更好的保障。通过与IEEE 802.15.4协议进行实验对比,表明区分业务优先级的IEEE 802.15.6协议在低能耗的前提下,保证了高优先级业务传输的可靠性,具备更低的数据丢包率,适用于各种要求高数据传输率,高服务质量和高安全性的医疗和非医疗应用。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.