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1.
Service-oriented architecture (SOA) promises making companies more flexible enabling them to react quickly to changing market
conditions. To leverage those advantages, SOA must be integrated with other existing approaches like business process management
and enterprise architecture management. The authors describe how they extended the enterprise architecture management and
business process management modelling method ARIS. They first created a SOA meta model by abstracting from existing modelling
methods as well as extracting expert knowledge through interviews. In a second step, they mapped the SOA meta model to ARIS
to provide a concrete modelling language for service-oriented enterprises. The ARIS extension allows describing and governing
service architectures, describing services, linking service development initiatives to projects and company strategy, and
discovering services for business process automation.
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2.
A key activity in the introduction of service oriented architecture (SOA) for an organization is to evaluate the suitability
of existing assets for service orientation. We identify the core principles of SOA as the guide lines in evaluating the suitability
of the existing assets. The existing metrics and guidelines that could be helpful in evaluating these principles are surveyed.
This would benefit an organization in understanding the effort needed for migration and also to build proper services from
the existing assets.
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3.
The advancement of web services in the last few years has spurred a number of revolutionary concepts in information technology
and management including service-oriented architectures, service-oriented computing, and services science, management and
engineering, which can be collectively called as “services computing.” Services computing is a new research field that goes
beyond traditional computing disciplines as it includes not only architectural, programming, deployment, and other engineering
issues, but also management issues such as business component modeling, business process design, and service delivery. In
this paper, we provide an overview of emerging research concepts in services computing without attempting to unify them as
it will take sometime for the field to become mature. In addition, we take a position that the ultimate goal of services computing
is to create the necessary technological and managerial foundation to support enterprise agility. In this short paper, we
give an overview of services computing, describe its relationship to enterprise agility, and discuss basic technical and managerial
issues. Finally, we introduce the papers that are published in this special issue.
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4.
Web services technology is becoming an important technological trend in Web application development and integration. Based on open standards, such as SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI, Web services allow Web-based applications to communicate with each other through standardized XML messaging and to form loosely coupled distributed systems. Although the open feature of Web services benefits service providers in servicing consumers, the unlimited computing resources access of Web services to network bandwidth, storage throughput, and CPU time may lead to overexploitation of the resources when applications based on the Web services technology are widely accepted. Therefore, it is critical to optimize the operation of Web services, subject to the QoS requirements of service requests, to assure the total benefits of the service providers and the service consumers. This paper proposes a usage-based dynamic pricing approach to optimizing resource allocation of Web services in the principle of economics, and reports on a pilot implementation demonstrating the technical feasibility of the proposed approach. 相似文献
5.
A wide variety of real-time applications (e.g. multimedia, communication, etc.) require implementations that meet tight timing
constraints. This work introduces novel high-performance FPGA architecture capable of implementing efficiently any time critical
application. The fundamental contribution of the proposed reconfigurable architecture is the design of a highly efficient
(performance and power consumption) interconnection structure, taking into consideration the statistical and spatial data
extracted from applications, which are implemented on Virtex FPGAs. The derived architecture is software-supported by the
MEANDER design framework. Using a number of real-time applications, extensive comparison study in terms of several design parameters
proves the effectiveness of the proposed architecture against to Virtex one. More specifically, the proposed architecture
achieves performance improvement and power savings up to 20 and 16%, respectively. Moreover, compared to a Virtex architecture
with same power budget, our architecture achieves performance improvement by 42%.
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6.
This paper describes how a personalised educational game architecture has been used in conjunction with Web services to provide
remote access to the system. The educational game is a virtual reality adventure game that performs affective user modelling
by measuring emotional characteristics of users. Virtual reality (VR) games are so popular among children and adolescents
that can be used for the purposes of educational software to render it more attractive and motivating. The benefits of such
an application can be maximised if it is available over the Web. Software applications that operate over the Web are targeted
to a wide range of users. Hence they need a high degree of adaptivity and dynamic individualisation to each user that interacts
with the application. This should include the students’ emotional state that affects their learning. However, the environment
of a Web-based VR-game that performs user modelling is so demanding that the technology of Web services is necessary for its
effective operation and interoperability. Moreover, reusability may be achieved for the user modelling component.
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7.
This work presents a service-oriented architecture for interdomain service provisioning in optical networks. The architecture
introduces a service layer that concentrates all the interactions among domains necessary for service provisioning. A service
layer is an alternative to the GMPLS (Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching) architecture, but without a rigid control
plane as found in GMPLS. We start by defining a set of basic services to provide single end-to-end (e2e) interdomain connections.
Then, more sophisticated services are created through the composition of these basic services. The interdomain Optical VPN
(Virtual Private Network) service is considered in order to illustrate the composition of services. A prototype of the architecture
was designed and implemented using Web services as the main technology. The architecture was evaluated in terms of speed,
scalability, and bandwidth consumption necessary to establish e2e interdomain connections and Optical VPNs.
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8.
A design pattern is realized in various forms depending on the context of the applications. There has been intensive research
on detecting pattern instances in models and in implementations. However, little work addresses variations of pattern realization.
This paper describes an approach for evaluating conformance of pattern variations. This approach uses a divide-and-conquer
strategy to evaluate the structural conformance of a UML class diagram to the solution of a design pattern. A design pattern
is specified in an extension of the UML that defines the pattern in terms of roles. To demonstrate the approach, we use the
Visitor pattern and two case studies of a price calculator and a word processor. We also present a prototype tool that supports
the approach.
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10.
We present a study of using camera-phones and visual-tags to access mobile services. Firstly, a user-experience study is described in which participants were both observed learning to interact with a prototype mobile service and interviewed
about their experiences. Secondly, a pointing-device task is presented in which quantitative data was gathered regarding the speed and accuracy with which participants aimed and clicked
on visual-tags using camera-phones. We found that participants’ attitudes to visual-tag-based applications were broadly positive,
although they had several important reservations about camera-phone technology more generally. Data from our pointing-device
task demonstrated that novice users were able to aim and click on visual-tags quickly (well under 3 s per pointing-device
trial on average) and accurately (almost all meeting our defined speed/accuracy tradeoff of 6% error-rate). Based on our findings,
design lessons for camera-phone and visual-tag applications are presented.
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11.
Some real-time systems are designed to deliver services to objects that are controlled by external sources. Their services must be delivered on a timely basis, and the system fails when some services are delivered too late. In general, the timing requirements of the system may change when the states of the objects monitored by the system change. Such a system may fail if the timing requirements which it is designed to meet are erroneous. It may underutilize resources and consequently be costly or unreliable if the requirements are too stringent. Hence, one must identify how changes in object states call for changes in system requirements and how these changes should be incorporated into the design and implementation of the system. This paper first describes a methodology to determine timing requirements and to take into account requirement changes at runtime. The method is based on several timing requirement determination schemes. Simulation data show that these schemes are effective for applications such as mobile IP hand-offs. The paper then discusses how to incorporate this methodology in the system architecture and in the development process. 相似文献
12.
In service-oriented computing (SOC) environments, service clients interact with service providers for services or transactions.
From the point view of service clients, the trust status of a service provider is a critical issue to consider, particularly
when the service provider is unknown to them. Typically, the trust evaluation is based on the feedback on the service quality
provided by service clients. In this paper, we first present a trust management framework that is event-driven and rule-based.
In this framework, trust computation is based on formulae. But rules are defined to determine which formula to use and what
arguments to use, according to the event occurred during the transaction or service. In addition, we propose some trust evaluation
metrics and a formula for trust computation. The formula is designed to be adaptable to different application domains by setting
suitable arguments. Particularly, the proposed model addresses the incremental characteristics of trust establishment process.
Furthermore, we propose a fuzzy logic based approach for determining reputation ranks that particularly differentiates new
service providers and old (long-existing) ones. This is further incentive to new service providers and penalize poor quality
services from service providers. Finally, a set of empirical studies has been conducted to study the properties of the proposed
approaches, and the method to control the trust changes in both trust increment and decrement cases. The proposed framework
is adaptable for different domains and complex trust evaluation systems.
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13.
The term “Grid” was introduced in early 1998 with the launch of the book “The Grid. Blueprint for a new computing infrastructure”.
Since that time many technological changes have occurred in both hardware and software. One of the most important ones seems
to be the wide acceptance of Web services. Although the basic Grid idea has not changed much in the last decade, many people
have different ideas about what a Grid really is. In the following article we report on a survey where we invited many people
in the field of Grid computing to give us their current understanding.
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14.
In a globalised economy the accessibility of services becomes increasingly important for businesses. This has led to a demand
that information systems should be ubiquitous in the sense that they are available to all users under all circumstances, everywhere
and at all times, and independent of the access devices and channels used. The authors believe the key to meeting that demand
is existence of an omnipresent media of interaction and existence of information systems that within that media adapt themselves
to context parameters at run-time. The World Wide Web is considered as that omnipresent media. Thus, the task is left to design
adaptive information systems in a way that avoids unnecessary replication. In this article it will be shown how context parameters
can be utilised to enable system adaptivity. The latter is supposed to increase usability and targets the quality of use,
the content, and the functionality. We propose using an algebraic approach that aids in providing the leanest appropriate
interface via user typing and story boarding. Our approach furthermore limits the content delivered to a user to the amount
that can be dealt with in a usage scenario. The latter is based on defining hyphenation points within the content.
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15.
In this paper, we aim to provide adaptive multimedia services especially video ones to end-users in an efficient and secure
manner. Users moving outside the office should be able to maintain an office-like environment at their current locations.
First, the agents within our proposed architecture negotiate the different communication and interaction factors autonomously
and dynamically. Moreover, we needed to develop a user agent in addition to service and system agents that could negotiate
the requirements and capabilities at run time to furnish best possible service results. Thus we designed and integrated a
video indexing and key framing service within our overall agent-based architecture. We integrated this video indexing and
content-based analysis service to adapt the video content according to run time conditions. We designed a video XML schema
to validate the media content out of this multimedia service according to specific requirements and features, as we will describe
later.
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16.
The Stanford Event Heap has been shown to provide appropriate support for constructing interactive workspace applications.
Given this success it is natural to consider the Event Heap as a platform to support other classes of Ubiquitous Computing
applications. In this paper we argue that the distributed, spontaneous nature of these applications places additional demands
on the Event Heap that require extensions to both the engineering and API. Suitable extensions are described and their use
to support a typical Ubicomp application is discussed.
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17.
The complexity of group dynamics occurring in small group interactions often hinders the performance of teams. The availability
of rich multimodal information about what is going on during the meeting makes it possible to explore the possibility of providing
support to dysfunctional teams from facilitation to training sessions addressing both the individuals and the group as a whole.
A necessary step in this direction is that of capturing and understanding group dynamics. In this paper, we discuss a particular
scenario, in which meeting participants receive multimedia feedback on their relational behaviour, as a first step towards
increasing self-awareness. We describe the background and the motivation for a coding scheme for annotating meeting recordings
partially inspired by the Bales’ Interaction Process Analysis. This coding scheme was aimed at identifying suitable observable
behavioural sequences. The study is complemented with an experimental investigation on the acceptability of such a service.
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18.
The computational grid is rapidly evolving into a service-oriented computing infrastructure that facilitates resource sharing
for solving large-scale data and computationally intensive problems. Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems have emerged as an infrastructure
enabling technologies for enhanced scalability and reliability in file sharing and content distribution. It is envisioned
that P2P enabled service-oriented grid systems would virtualize various resources as services with high scalability and reliability.
Many legacy software resources exist nowadays, but making them grid aware services for effective resource sharing has become
an issue of vital importance. This paper presents GSLab, a toolkit for automatically wrapping legacy software into services
that can be published, discovered and reused in grid environments. GSLab employs Sun Grid Engine (SGE) to enhance its performance
in execution of wrapped services. Using GSLab, we have automatically wrapped a legacy computer animation rendering code written
in C as a service that can be discovered and accessed in a SGE environment. The evaluation results show that the performance
of GSLab improves with an increase in the number of computing nodes involved.
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19.
Modern business process management expands to cover the partner organisations’ business processes across organisational boundaries,
and thereby supports organisations to coordinate the flow of information among organisations and link their business processes.
With collaborative business processes, organisations can create dynamic and flexible collaborations to synergically adapt
to the changing conditions, and stay competitive in the global market. Due to its significant potential and value, collaborative
business processes are now turning to be an important issue of contemporary business process management, and attracts lots
of attention and efforts from both academic and industry sides. In this paper, we review the development of B2B collaboration
and collaborative business processes, provide an overview of related issues in managing collaborative business processes,
and discuss some emerging technologies and their relationships to collaborative business processes. Finally, we introduce
the papers that are published in this special issue.
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20.
Quantitative usability requirements are a critical but challenging, and hence an often neglected aspect of a usability engineering process. A case study is described where quantitative usability requirements played a key role in the development of a new user interface of a mobile phone. Within the practical constraints of the project, existing methods for determining usability requirements and evaluating the extent to which these are met, could not be applied as such, therefore tailored methods had to be developed. These methods and their applications are discussed. 相似文献
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