有机改性膨润土处理含油废水的研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为改性剂,对纯化后的膨润土进行活化改性,制得了有机改性膨润土.通过对改性剂用量、有机膨润土投加量、废水pH值及吸附时间等因素的考察,系统研究了有机改性膨润土对废水中油的吸附效果,并通过XRD分析了改性剂用量对膨润土的结构影响.结果表明,CTAB能够进入到膨润土的层间,使其层间距增大.有机改性膨润土对含油废水有较好的去除效果,在25℃,当改性剂用量为20％,有机改性膨润土投加量为9 g/L,吸附时间为60 min,pH值为6时废水中COD的去除率可达85.84％,有机膨润土处理含油废水时的等温吸附曲线更好的符合Freundlich方程.     

CTAB改性铁柱撑膨润土对苯酚的吸附

为了研究膨润土对含酚废水的吸附性能,采用羟基铁柱撑剂对钠基膨润土进行预改性,随后用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性,制备CTAB改性铁柱撑膨润土。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对改性膨润土的结构和性能进行表征。考察了吸附剂用量、吸附时间、吸附温度、苯酚初始浓度和pH值对吸附性能的影响,研究了吸附热力学和吸附动力学规律。结果表明,CTAB进入铁柱撑膨润土的层间和表面。当吸附剂用量为3 g·L^-1、吸附时间为60 min、吸附温度为25 ℃、苯酚初始浓度为300 mg·L^-1、苯酚初始pH值为7时,改性膨润土吸附量达到29.7 mg·g^-1,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Freundlich热力学模型。     

TiO2改性柱撑膨润土吸附副品红的性能研究

以钠基膨润土为原料,制备了4种二氧化钛(TiO2)改性柱撑膨润土,并探讨了膨润土的改性方法、投土量、溶液的振荡时间、温度、pH值等因素对膨润土吸附副品红实验的影响.结果表明,4种TiO2改性柱撑膨润土对副品红的吸附效果明显好于原土;未经煅烧的TiO2改性柱撑膨润土的吸附效果要明显优于经高温(500 ℃)煅烧过的柱撑膨润土;掺杂钇的TiO2改性柱撑膨润土的吸附性能略好于未经掺杂的柱撑膨润土;膨润土投土量、溶液的振荡时间、温度和pH值均会对柱撑膨润土的吸附效果产生影响;20 ℃时,4种柱撑膨润土对溶液中副品红的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir吸附等温方程.     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性活性炭的制备及吸附苯酚研究

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对颗粒活性炭进行改性。用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和氮吸附脱附法对改性活性炭的结构和组成进行表征。用单一变量法研究了CTAB的质量浓度和初始pH值对CTAB活性炭改性的影响,研究了吸附时间、吸附温度、苯酚初始质量浓度、苯酚pH、CTAB改性活性炭投加量等对苯酚去除率的影响,并对吸附过程进行了动力学研究。得到了最佳吸附条件为:以质量浓度为2g/L的CTAB改性活性炭为吸附剂,CTAB改性活性炭投加量为7g/L、吸附温度为35℃、吸附时间为90min、苯酚初始质量浓度为200mg/L、初始pH=6时,苯酚去除率达到94.76%,CTAB改性活性炭的吸附量为27.07mg/g。Langmuir等温吸附模型可较好地描述CTAB改性活性炭对水中苯酚的等温吸附过程,通过Langmuir模型计算得到吸附剂对苯酚的最大单位吸附量为72.62mg/g。CTAB改性活性炭对苯酚的吸附过程符合拟二级动力学方程。     

两种改性膨润土对废水中F-的吸附研究

选择铝盐和镧盐对膨润土进行改性,制得铝改性膨润土(Al-Bent)和铝镧改性膨润土(Al-La-Bent),并用红外光谱(IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)进行结构表征,通过批量实验比较两种改性膨润土的除氟性能,讨论了不同煅烧温度、pH值和反应时间对除氟效果的影响,采用吸附动力学和等温吸附实验揭示吸附机理.结果表明,Al-La-Bent的除氟能力高于Al-Bent,La的掺入有助于提高吸附效率.当pH值为5.6,投加量为5 g/L、反应温度为25℃,搅拌时间为60 min时,Al-Bent和Al-La-Bent的除氟率分别达到74.65％和78.90％.整个吸附过程符合准二级动力方程,等温曲线用Langmuir方程描述更为准确.     

铝柱撑改性膨润土处理电镀废水中Cr6+的实验研究

以膨润土为原料制备了铝柱撑改性膨润土,并研究了不同影响因素对铝柱撑改性膨润土去除电镀废水中Cr6+的影响.结果表明:铝柱撑改性膨润土对Cr6+的去除率明显优于膨润土原土;废水的pH、吸附时间和膨润土投加量对Cr6+的去除率影响较大;pH＝4,吸附时间为40 min,投加质量浓度为40 g/L,铝柱撑改性膨润土对Cr6+的去除率达到最大86.1％;铝柱撑改性膨润土对电镀废水中Cr6+的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程.     

秸秆掺杂与煅烧改性沸石吸附铜锌离子的特性

为增强天然沸石去除重金属离子污染的能力,采用掺杂秸秆和高温煅烧对其进行改性,研究其对Cu⁽²⁺⁾和Zn(2+)和Zn⁽²⁺⁾静态吸附和动态吸附性能。结果表明,改性沸石对Cu(2+)静态吸附和动态吸附性能。结果表明,改性沸石对Cu⁽²⁺⁾和Zn(2+)和Zn⁽²⁺⁾的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,理论饱和吸附容量分别为4 043 mg Cu/kg和4 087 mg Zn/kg。吸附动力学曲线可采用Lagergren准二级动力学方程来描述。吸附热力学参数吸附自由能变ΔG <0、吸附焓变ΔH> 0、吸附熵变ΔS> 0,吸附势E <8 k J/mol。改性沸石对Cu(2+)的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,理论饱和吸附容量分别为4 043 mg Cu/kg和4 087 mg Zn/kg。吸附动力学曲线可采用Lagergren准二级动力学方程来描述。吸附热力学参数吸附自由能变ΔG <0、吸附焓变ΔH> 0、吸附熵变ΔS> 0,吸附势E <8 k J/mol。改性沸石对Cu⁽²⁺⁾和Zn(2+)和Zn⁽²⁺⁾吸附过程为以物理吸附为主的自发、吸热过程。     

改性文冠果活性炭吸附Ca~(2+)的研究

采用硝酸对文冠果活性炭进行氧化改性,探讨了Ca⁽²⁺⁾溶液初始浓度、吸附温度、时间、pH值对Ca(2+)溶液初始浓度、吸附温度、时间、pH值对Ca⁽²⁺⁾吸附的影响。分析了吸附热力学和动力学,初步探讨了吸附机理。实验表明,当Ca(2+)吸附的影响。分析了吸附热力学和动力学,初步探讨了吸附机理。实验表明,当Ca⁽²⁺⁾的初始浓度为500 mg/L,吸附温度为40℃,吸附时间为120 min,pH值为2时,吸附量最大,可达285.9 mg/g。硝酸改性文冠果活性炭吸附Ca(2+)的初始浓度为500 mg/L,吸附温度为40℃,吸附时间为120 min,pH值为2时,吸附量最大,可达285.9 mg/g。硝酸改性文冠果活性炭吸附Ca⁽²⁺⁾符合伪二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温线模型,吉布斯自由能ΔG°<0、焓变ΔH°<0、熵变ΔS°<0,表明该吸附是一个自发的放热过程。     

改性膨润土强化混凝去除再生水中菲

以纳米四氧化三铁(Fe₃O₄)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对膨润土有机磁化改性后制得复合材料FCB,以FCB作为助凝剂协同絮凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)对再生水中的菲进行强化混凝去除实验。结果表明,改性后负载上了Fe₃O₄和CTAB,层间距扩大,有机碳含量增加,FCB投加量320 mg/L,PAC投加量15 mg/L时,菲去除率达94.58%,剩余浊度为0.8 NTU;随着FCB投加量增加菲去除率不断增加,过度投加FCB会使浊度变大：菲混凝最佳pH为6～7;随初始浊度增加,菲去除率小幅度提高。     

改性膨润土处理染色废水的试验研究

研究了以Fe2 、Fe3 为改性剂对钙基膨润土进行改性的机理.探讨了改性膨润土对亚甲基蓝染色废水的去除效果,并确定了改性膨润土最佳投加量、溶液pH值、接触时间对吸附性能的影响.实验结果表明,Fe盐改性膨润土对染色废水有较好的吸附效果,在溶液pH4.0、振荡时间30min、改性膨润土投加量0.025g/L时,Fe2 、Fe3 改性膨润土对20mg/L亚甲基蓝的去除率分别达到85.7%和95.2%.     

Use of CaCl2 modified bentonite for removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solutions

CaCl₂ modified bentonite (BCa²⁺), a clean and cost-effective adsorbent with a basal spacing of 15.43 Å, was prepared for the removal of Congo red dye from water. It was effective for the removal of Congo red with a high adsorption capacity, and the adsorption was favored over a broad pH range (5-10). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided the best correlation of the experimental data. Adsorption isotherms indicated that sorption took place at specific homogeneous sites within the adsorbent. Furthermore, BCa²⁺ showed higher sorption capacity compared with other common materials used as adsorbents for Congo red dye. The results showed that BCa²⁺ could be employed as a low-cost material for the removal of Congo red from aqueous solutions.     

Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by adsorption using LABORATORIES-modified bentonite (organo-bentonite)

Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the adsorption of copper ions from an aqueous solution using linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LABORATORIES) modified bentonite (organo-bentonite) are reported. Modification of bentonite was performed via microwave heating with a concentration of LABORATORIES surfactant equivalent to 1.5 times that of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the raw bentonite. Experimental parameters affecting the adsorption process such as pH, contact time and temperature were studied. Several adsorption equations (e.g., Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Toth) with temperature dependency were used to correlate the equilibrium data. These models were evaluated based on the theoretical justifications of each isotherm parameter. The Sips model had the best fit for the adsorption of copper ions onto organo-bentonite. For the kinetic data, the pseudo-second order model was superior to the pseudo-first order model. Thermodynamically, the adsorption of copper ions occurs via chemisorption and the process is endothermic (ΔH⁰>0), irreversible (ΔS⁰>0) and nonspontaneous (ΔG⁰>0).     

Application of chitosan-coated quartz sand for Congo red adsorption from aqueous solution

The preparation, characterization, and environmental application of chitosan-coated quartz sand for Congo red adsorption have been investigated. The absorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experiments were carried out in a batch system to optimize operation variables: contact time, Congo red concentration, absorbent dosage, temperature, and pH. The optimum conditions for Congo red adsorption were pH 5, 45°C and contact time of 4 h. An amount of 1 g of chitosan-coated quartz sand could successfully remove 96% of the dye form 50 mg/L Congo red solution. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherms showed that the sorption processes were better fitted by pseudo-second order equation and Langmuir equation, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

FeCl3和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性赤泥对水中铜离子的吸附性能和机理

含铜废水主要来自电镀、有色冶炼、有色金属矿山开采、染料生产等过程。因Cu(Ⅱ)具有高毒性和生物富集性,严重威胁生态环境和人类健康。利用浓盐酸、三氯化铁（FeCl₃）、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）依次对拜耳法赤泥（RM）进行处理、改性,制备出了一种去除率高、吸附量大、吸附效果好的重金属离子吸附剂。通过SEM、TEM、XRD、BET、元素分析、FTIR、热重分析等手段对其进行表征,并探究溶液pH、吸附剂投加量以及吸附温度等条件对水溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)吸附效果的影响。结果表明：酸浸赤泥（RM-HCl）比表面积比RM增大20倍,经过FeCl₃和CTAB改性后赤泥表面负载了大量羟基氧化铁（FeOOH）并且改善了吸附材料的表面性质,提高了吸附材料与Cu(Ⅱ)之间的亲和力和单层吸附能力。综合改性赤泥（FeCl₃/CTAB/RM）对铜的吸附时间在100min达到平衡,其最佳吸附pH为6、最佳吸附剂投加量为2g/L、饱和吸附量为221mg/g。吸附过程较好地符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型,热力学数据说明该吸附是吸热、自发的过程。吸附机理主要是FeCl₃/CTAB/RM表面的羟基（Si-OH、α-FeOOH和β-FeOOH）以及掺杂的氯原子和表面活性剂,通过物理吸附（微胶束、静电引力）和化学吸附（离子交换、氢键）有效地去除Cu(Ⅱ)离子。     

Removal of Neutral Red from aqueous solution by using modified hectorite

The object of this work was to study the modified hectorite as effective adsorbent for Neutral Red (NR) from aqueous solution. The adsorbent capacity of modified hectorite was discussed. The effects of surfactant content, adsorbent content, pH and adsorption temperature on the sorption of NR on modified hectorite were studied. Experimental results showed that the equilibrium adsorption data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption capacity was 393.70 mg/g for the modified cetylpyridinium bromide hectorite (CPB-Hect). Kinetic studies showed that the dynamical data fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. For thermodynamic studies, parameters such as the Gibbs free energy (ΔG⁰), the enthalpy (ΔH⁰) and the entropy (ΔS⁰) indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature.     

以石墨烯为核树状大分子包覆Co纳米复合材料制备及其吸附性能研究

通过化学还原法制备了以石墨烯为核树状大分子包覆Co纳米复合材料。利用FTIR、TG、XRD和TEM对所制备产物进行了结构表征。考察了不同p H、吸附时间和温度条件下,制备的以石墨烯为核第三代数树状大分子纳米复合材料(G3.0-PAMAM/Co)对刚果红吸附效果的影响。结果表明,G3.0-PAMAM/Co对刚果红是强有力的磁性吸附剂;对刚果红的吸附动力学能符合Lagergren准二级吸附模型,主要为化学吸附;吸附热力学能符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,最大吸附量可达161.49 mg/g。     

接触时间、pH值、土壤中腐植酸／富里酸、离子强度和温度对MX-80膨润土吸附U（Ⅵ）的影响

本文在室温条件下采用批处理的方式,研究了MX-80膨润土对水溶液中U（VI）的吸附行为,考察了接触时间、p H值、离子强度、固体含量、腐植酸（H A）、富里酸（F A）和温度等因素的影响。实验结果表明,M X-80膨润土对U（V I）的吸附能力受p H和离子强度的影响较大。U（V I）从水溶液被吸附到M X-80膨润土上的速度相当快,并且其动力学吸附数据符合准二维速率方程。腐植酸可以显著增强MX-80膨润土对的U（VI）吸附,而富里酸对U（VI）的吸附没有显著影响。从不同温度下计算得到的M X-80膨润土对U（V I）的吸附热力学参数（△H0,△S0和△G0）可以看出, MX-80膨润土对U（VI）的吸附反应是自发的吸热反应。     

膨润土的改性及处理印染废水的研究

通过高温焙烧法、硫酸酸化法和有机季铵盐（十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,简称CTMAB）改性法分别对膨润土进行改性,并对活性翠蓝KN-G染料模拟废水进行静态吸附实验,发现三种改性土对活性翠蓝的吸附均符合弗伦德利希型,并得到了各自的吸附等温线和吸附公式以及各种改性方法的最佳条件.通过在各自最佳条件下比较三种改性土的吸附性能,发现有机膨润土的吸附效果要优于其他改性方法.     

A new application of Hydroxyapatite extracted from dromedary bone: Adsorptive removal of Congo red from aqueous solution

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of the natural hydroxyapatite powder for anionic dye (Congo red) elimination from water and optimization of adsorption process parameters that are contact time (0-360 min), solution pH (4-9), initial dye concentration (400-2400 mg/l), and adsorbent dosage (0.4-20 g/l). Natural hydroxyapatite with high surface area was prepared from animal agriculture waste dromedary bone. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis characterizations of the powder prepared show a hexagonal structure, the irregular form of hydroxyapatite and presence of other elements as trace element. The results of adsorption tests demonstrated the high efficiency of natural hydroxyapatite for removal of Congo red from water solution whose maximum experimental capacity adsorption of Congo red by natural hydroxyapatite is 900 mg/g at pH 4.5, equilibrium time 240 min and adsorbent dosage 2 g/l. According to the correlation coefficient value, the pseudo-second order kinetic model identified the sorption mechanism of pollutant used on natural hydroxyapatite. The Freundlich isotherm is the best representative theoretical model of the dye molecules’ adsorption on the natural hydroxyapatite support.