高韧性水泥基复合材料抗压强度正交试验研究

利用正交试验设计原理,对9组不同配合比的高韧性水泥基复合材料进行了抗压试验,研究了粉煤灰掺量、水胶比、砂胶比和减水剂掺量这四种因素对高韧性水泥基复合材料抗压强度的影响,并定量分析了各个因素影响的显著性.试验结果表明:各因素对抗压强度影响的主次顺序为水胶比＞粉煤灰掺量＞减水剂掺量＞砂胶比,其中水胶比对强度的影响远大于其他因素,而砂胶比的影响并不明显;抗压强度随水胶比的增大而减小,随砂胶比的增大而缓慢增加;当粉煤灰掺量或减水剂掺量增大时,抗压强度先增大后减小,粉煤灰和减水剂存在最佳掺量.     

粉煤灰对引气混凝土的抗冻性及气孔结构的影响

混凝土的抗冻性受诸多因素影响,而掺入粉煤灰后的混凝土对混凝土的抗冻影响很大。为了更好的了解粉煤灰对引气混凝土抗冻性能的影响,对比研究了普通硅酸盐引气混凝土与掺入30%粉煤灰的普通硅酸盐混凝土在不同水灰(胶)比的抗冻性能及气泡参数。试验研究表明:普通及掺粉煤灰引气混凝土质量损失率都随水灰(胶)比的增大而升高,而动弹性模量及相对动弹性模量都随水灰(胶)比的增大而减小。掺粉煤灰的普通硅酸盐引气混凝土的初始动弹性模量明显小于普通硅酸盐引气混凝土。相比较普通引气混凝土,掺入粉煤灰后小孔径气泡数量增加,大孔径气泡数量同样也增加了。在同水胶比下,掺粉煤灰的引气混凝土的气泡间距系数明显要小于不掺粉煤灰的普通引气混凝土,掺入粉煤灰会减小引气混凝土的比表面积,掺入粉煤灰后引气混凝土的气泡平均半径明显增大。     

粉煤灰对砂浆流变性和强度的影响研究

本文通过正交试验研究水胶比、砂胶比和粉煤灰掺量对砂浆流变性和抗压强度的影响。实验结果表明:水胶比和砂胶比是影响砂浆流动性的主要因素;通过正交试验得出水胶比为0.55、砂胶比为2.65、粉煤灰掺量为25%,流动性和保水性均符合砂浆使用要求,砂浆抗压强度明显高于其他组砂浆抗压强度。     

基于正交试验的粉煤灰石膏基自流平砂浆性能研究

为了解决水泥基自流平砂浆因干燥收缩而产生起砂和裂纹等现象,以盐石膏和粉煤灰作自流平砂浆基材,通过正交试验研究水胶比、砂胶比、减水剂掺量、保水剂掺量以及粉煤灰取代率对石膏基自流平砂浆流动性、凝结时间和表面硬度的影响,对这些指标进行极差分析,得到最佳配合比,测试了粉煤灰石膏基自流平砂浆的性能.结果表明:减水剂掺量和水胶比是影响粉煤灰自流平砂浆流动性的主要因素,水胶比对凝结时间和表面硬度影响最大.通过正交试验得出水胶比为0.28,砂胶比为0.52,减水剂掺量为0.4％,保水剂掺量为0.15％,粉煤灰取代率为30％,其性能指标均超过了JC/T1023-2007《石膏基自流平砂浆》标准要求.     

不同影响因素下粉煤灰再生保温混凝土力学与导热性能分析

制备了粉煤灰再生保温混凝土,分析了其抗拉压强度和导热性能随再生骨料替代量、粉煤灰掺量、玻化微珠掺量和水胶比等因素的变化规律。研究成果表明:粉煤灰再生保温混凝土的抗压和抗拉强度随再生骨料取代量和水胶比的增大而呈指数衰减式减小,随粉煤灰掺量和玻化微珠掺量的增大是先增大而后减小;粉煤灰再生保温混凝土的导热性能随再生骨料取代量、玻化微珠掺量和水胶比的增大而减小,随粉煤灰掺量的增大则先增大而后减小。     

-3℃下粉煤灰对水泥水化和水泥石微观孔结构影响的试验研究

通过水泥水化放热试验和水泥石孔结构分析试验,研究持续-3℃下28 d龄期时水胶比和粉煤灰掺量对水泥水化和水泥石孔结构的影响,分析微观孔结构和水泥水化之间的关系,探究粉煤灰对水泥石微观孔结构的作用机理.试验结果表明,在持续-3℃下,水泥水化程度随着水胶比的增加而增大,水泥石含气量和平均孔径也随着水胶比的增大而增大,在一定的水胶比下,随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,水泥浆28 d龄期水化程度逐渐降低,同时,相较于纯水泥浆体,掺入粉煤灰后,水泥石28 d龄期含气量、平均孔径都有一定程度的升高,且粉煤灰掺量越大,升高幅度越大.     

Ⅱ级粉煤灰高性能混凝土的长期抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能

按高性能混凝土配比制配不同水胶比、不同Ⅱ级粉煤灰掺量的普通水泥胶砂试件,浸泡在不同浓度的硫酸盐溶液中,进行长达2年的侵蚀试验。结果表明:短龄期养护条件下较低粉煤灰掺量(30%)试件在高浓度硫酸盐侵蚀环境中的长期抗蚀能力有限。而随养护龄期和Ⅱ级粉煤灰掺量的增加以及水胶比的降低,试件的抗蚀能力大幅度提高,体现出优越的长期抗侵蚀能力。     

水胶比及粉煤灰掺量对混凝土抗硫酸盐、镁盐双重侵蚀性能的影响

对不同水胶比及不同粉煤灰掺量的普通硅酸盐水泥胶砂试件,进行不同浓度的硫酸盐、镁盐双重侵蚀试验,探讨普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土在双重侵蚀环境中的抗侵蚀性能.试验结果表明：在较低浓度双重侵蚀溶液中,降低水胶比、增加粉煤灰掺量,可在一定程度上提高试件的抗双重侵蚀能力;但在高浓度双重侵蚀环境中,普通硅酸盐水泥胶砂试件即使降低水胶比、增大粉煤灰掺量,也难以有效抵抗侵蚀破坏.     

粉煤灰对超轻发泡混凝土孔结构及吸声性能的影响

以化学发泡法制备泡沫混凝土试样,并结合图像分析软件(Image-Proplus 6.0)测得了不同粉煤灰掺量时试样孔隙率、平均孔径和孔径分布等孔结构参数,并研究了粉煤灰掺量对试样28 d抗压强度和吸声性能的影响.结果表明:随着粉煤灰掺量的增大,试样孔隙率和平均孔径逐渐减小,28 d抗压强度先增加后降低,试样的吸声性能有一定程度的提高.     

粉煤灰和矿粉双掺的胶砂和混凝土试验研究

采用正交试验方法进行胶砂试验,研究粉煤灰和矿粉总掺量、粉煤灰与矿粉比例和水胶比三个影响因素对水泥-粉煤灰-矿粉三元胶凝体系胶砂流动度和强度影响,分析三元胶凝材料体系的水化特点和强度发展规律。并在此基础上配制粉谋灰和矿渣双掺的高性能混凝土,研究表明粉谋灰和矿粉双掺的高性能混凝土早期强度低,后期强度高,混凝土耐久性能好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。