不同掺量非晶态C12 A7/CaSO4·2 H2 O体系对OPC早期性能的影响及作用机理

研究了不同掺量非晶态C12 A7/CaSO4·2H2 O体系对OPC净浆凝结时间、流动性和早期抗压强度的影响,通过XRD和SEM对水化产物的物相和形貌进行了表征,并采用量热试验对其水化历程进行了分析。结果表明：非晶态C12 A7/CaSO4·2H2 O体系掺量为5%,非晶态C12 A7与CaSO4·2H2 O的质量比为1.0∶1.0时,非晶态C12 A7/CaSO4·2H2 O体系能够促进C3 S和C2 S的水化,生成C-S-H凝胶相互交织搭接形成网络结构而促进凝结;同时也促使OPC水化早期产生大量针状晶体钙矾石,钙矾石与前期生成的C-S-H凝胶相互填充,使水化产物结构密实,提高早期强度。     

稻壳灰在丁苯聚合物/水泥复合胶凝材料凝结硬化过程中的作用

聚合物/水泥复合胶凝材料在解决普通水泥基材料脆性大、易开裂、抗拉抗折强度低等问题的同时还可使水泥基材料具有了更好的防水性和耐久性,但聚合物/水泥复合胶凝材料凝结硬化较为缓慢。针对此,采用稻壳灰作为调凝组分,研究稻壳灰对丁苯聚合物/水泥复合胶凝材料凝结硬化过程以及水化进程和水化产物的影响,探讨稻壳灰调节凝结硬化过程的机理。结果表明:稻壳灰能加快丁苯聚合物/水泥复合胶凝材料的水化进程,缩短水化诱导期、加速期,并提高早期水化程度,从而缩短凝结时间,提高早期强度。凝结硬化过程中,稻壳灰促进了C_3S的水化,并与部分水化产物Ca(OH)_2发生二次反应生成C–S–H凝胶。     

石膏含量对含钡铁铝酸盐水泥性能的影响

介绍了石膏含量对含钡铁铝酸盐水泥的水化、抗压强度和凝结时间等性能的影响。试验中,石膏掺加量分别为水泥质量的0％、1％、3％、5％、7％、10％和12％。试验结果表明,石膏的掺入会抑制C2.75B1.25A3S^-矿物和C4F早期的水化,降低含钡铁铝酸盐水泥的早期强度,延长水泥的凝结时间。石膏会与水泥早期水化产物CxAHy（包括CAH10、C2AH8和C4AH19等）继续反应生成稳定的AFt,阻止了CAH10、C2AH8和C4AH19等矿物发生晶型转化生成C3AH6,使水泥后期强度稳定增长。石膏的最佳掺量为水泥质量的7％。     

无碱液体速凝剂与水泥的适应性及水化促凝机理分析

通过微、宏观测试分析,研究了无碱液体速凝剂与水泥基材料的适应性及其水化促凝机理.结果表明:自制无碱液体速凝剂对实验中的三种水泥初凝时间均小于3 min 31 s,终凝时间均小于7min 35 s表现出良好的适应性,与聚羧酸超塑化剂或萘系超塑化剂复掺时,降低水灰比至0.32时,水泥凝结时间均可达到JC477-2005要求;通过XRD、TG/DTA与SEM分析微观结构得出,速凝剂对1～28 d的水化产物的类型基本没有影响.在掺入速凝剂的水泥-速凝剂-水体系中,速凝剂的主要成分硫酸铝与CH生成微细针柱状AFt,其主要是通过液相反应-沉淀过程形成.结晶水化产物的生长、发展,在水泥颗粒间交叉连续生成网络型结构,而加速凝结;水泥水化早期生成的CH被速凝剂消耗,且形成钙矾石加速了硅酸二钙(C2S)、硅酸三钙(C3S)的水化进程,使水泥快速凝结硬化.     

石灰石替代石膏的可行性研究

研究了用石灰石替代对单矿物C3S、C3A及硅酸盐水泥水化过程及性能的影响。结果表明，CaCO3对C3S、C3A的水化均有促进作用，并且在水化后期阶段与Ca（OH）2发生反应生成碱式碳酸钙。掺入硅酸盐水泥的CaCO3有一定的调凝作用，但对强度有不利影响。石灰石替代石膏的最佳值为20％－50％，这样，既能保证水泥有正常的凝结时间，又能使水泥强度发展较理想。     

速凝剂与石灰石粉对水泥浆体性能的影响

通过不同掺量的速凝剂和石灰石粉对水泥浆体凝结时间、流动度、粘度、胶砂强度和水化进程的影响研究,探讨速凝剂与石灰石粉共同作用下对水泥浆体性能的影响。结果表明:石灰石粉能够提高水泥净浆的流动度和粘度,并且其流动度和粘度损失随着石灰石粉掺量的增加而增大。速凝剂掺量为5%时,石灰石粉掺量为5%,水泥的凝结时间进一步缩短,水泥胶砂3 d、7 d和28 d的抗压强度略有提高,当石灰石粉超过5%时,水泥的凝结时间随着石灰石粉掺量的增加反而延长,水泥的胶砂抗折、抗压强度随着石灰石粉掺量的增加而降低。水泥水化初始期和加速期的水化放热速率随着速凝剂掺量的增加而增加,掺加速凝剂后,水化加速期提前10 h,同时石灰石粉也能够提高水泥水化初始期和加速期的水化放热速率。掺加速凝剂后,水泥水化放热量反而降低了一半,但是加入石灰石粉后,水泥水化放热量增加。     

普通硅酸盐水泥对石膏基自流平砂浆性能的影响

通过向高强石膏基自流平砂浆和脱硫石膏基自流平砂浆中掺入5％的普通硅酸盐水泥,研究普通硅酸盐水泥对两种石膏基自流平砂浆工作性能、力学性能、耐水性能、收缩性能和微观性能的影响.结果表明掺入5％的普通硅酸盐水泥能够显著提高石膏基自流平砂浆的流动度,同时普通硅酸盐水泥缩短了高强石膏基自流平砂浆的凝结时间,延长了脱硫石膏基自流平砂浆的凝结时间.掺入5％的普通硅酸盐水泥能够提高石膏基自流平砂浆的抗折强度、抗压强度、拉伸粘结强度和耐水性能,但是普通硅酸盐水泥会降低石膏基自流平砂浆的膨胀率.最后通过SEM、XRD、TG/DTA微观测试手段发现普通硅酸盐水泥的掺入使得石膏基自流平砂浆形成以二水石膏为主体,并伴有水化硅酸钙及细集料的硬化体.     

利用煤矸石配料制备喷射水泥的研究

研究了用煤矸石代矾土配料制备矿山及地下工程用喷射水泥,该水泥含主要矿相CuA7·CaF2、C4A3S、C3S和少量矿相C2S.其中C11A7·CaF2和C4A3水化产物提供早期强度,C3S和C2S水化产物保证中后期强度.该水泥的初凝时间4min,终凝时间 11 min,1 h强度为16.5 Mpa;中后期强度稳定增长,凝结时间和强度满足喷射要求.     

亚硫酸钙对C3A和C4AF凝结时间的影响

本文研究了亚硫酸钙对C3A和C4AF含量不同的水泥熟料凝结时间的影响.研究结果表明:亚硫酸钙对C4AF有缓凝作用,而对C3A基本不具有缓凝作用;对于中间相含量较多、C3A含量较高,自身凝结很快的熟料,在水泥中SO3不大于3.5%的条件下,亚硫酸钙不起缓凝作用;对于中间相含量较少、C3A含量较低,自身凝结较慢的熟料,亚硫酸钙有缓凝作用;与二水石膏相比,半水亚硫酸钙在水中的溶解度极低,掺入水泥后,其主要水化产物为单硫型水化硫铝酸钙(AFm).     

阳离子单体对聚羧酸减水剂早强性能的影响

合成了阳离子单体甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)引入量不同的聚羧酸减水剂,采用傅里叶红外光谱进行了结构确证.通过水泥净浆流动度、凝结时间、净浆和胶砂抗压强度测试,研究了阳离子单体不同引入量对聚羧酸减水剂分散性、凝结时间和早强性能的影响.通过XRD、TG对作用机理进行了分析.结果表明:DMC引入量占大单体4％时,净浆流动度达到最大值;引入DMC后,净浆凝结时间缩短,净浆和胶砂试件早期抗压期强度明显提高;当引入量占大单体12％时早强性能最好.由XRD和TG分析可知,引入DMC促进了C3S的早期水化,生成较多的水化硅酸钙和氢氧化钙.     

超细矿渣粉和偏高岭土对硫铝酸盐水泥水化和强度的影响

掺入矿物掺合料是改善硫铝酸盐水泥(CSA)混凝土凝结硬化性能和降低生产成本的主要技术途径之一。研究了水胶比为0.4时,单掺超细矿渣粉(UFS)、偏高岭土(MK)与复掺超细矿渣粉、偏高岭土对硫铝酸盐水泥凝结时间、流动度、电阻率、抗压强度的影响,并对其1 d、28 d龄期时的水化产物进行XRD半定量分析。结果表明,单掺和复掺缩短了水泥浆体的凝结时间,但单掺偏高岭土时的缩短效果更明显,且水泥浆体的流动度随着超细矿渣粉和偏高岭土掺量的增加而减小。掺入超细矿渣粉、偏高岭土缩短了水泥浆体电阻率变化速率曲线峰值出现的时间,峰值大小与掺量成递减关系。当掺量从0%(质量分数,下同)增大到20%时,单掺超细矿渣粉试样的28 d抗压强度减小了24.7%,单掺偏高岭土试样的28 d抗压强度减小了17.7%,两者复掺试样的28 d抗压强度减小了17.3%。超细矿渣粉和偏高岭土对水泥水化产物没有明显影响,但促进了硅酸二钙(β-C₂S)的早期水化。     

C3S-C12A7-H2O和C3S-C12A7-CaSO4·2H2O-H2O系统的水化及其性能研究

试验用结合水法、化学减缩法、XRD定量等物理、化学分析方法 ,研究了C1 2 A7和石膏同时存在时C3S在不同系统中的水化动力学及水化机理。结果表明C1 2 A7能够促进C3S的水化 ,尤其是对C3S早期水化有显著的促进作用 ;当有石膏存在时 ,这种促进作用更为显著。其机理是由于C1 2 A7水解放出的Al(OH) - 4 与C3S水解放出的Ca2 反应生成C3AH6 ,当有石膏存在时 ,生成钙钒石 ,从而加快了C3S的水化。研究得出了C3S在不同系统中的水化动力学方程     

Alkali activation of a novel calcium‐silicate hydraulic binder with CaO/SiO2 = 1.1

A quasi‐amorphous low‐calcium‐silicate hydraulic binder, with an overall CaO/SiO₂ (C/S) molar ratio of 1.1, was produced. This cementitious material was then hydrated with aqueous solutions containing 3 wt% alkalis (either NaOH, Na₂CO₃ or Na₂SiO₃). The evolution of the hydration processes of the samples were monitored by compressive strength testing, XRD, FTIR, ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al MAS NMR, isothermal calorimetry and TGA. It was found that the nearly exclusive hydration product formed was a C‐S‐H phase with a semi‐crystalline structure. More importantly, the paste prepared with the Na₂SiO₃ solution developed compressive strength values similar to those of ordinary portland cements (OPC) with faster early age kinetics. In addition, the isothermal calorimetry results indicated that these new hydraulic binders present much lower heat of hydration values compared with a traditional OPC. The results presented here open the possibility of producing cement with a compressive strength comparable to that of OPC but with lower CO₂ emissions during the production process and with lower hydration heat related problems during the production of concrete structures.     

Electrical conductivity and rheological properties of ordinary Portland cement-silica fume and calcium hydroxide-silica fume pastes

Two groups of solids mixtures were prepared: (i) the first group includes four mixes having different ordinary Portland cement/silica fume (OPC/SF) weight ratios and (ii) the second group consists of four blends having different Ca(OH)₂/SF molar ratios. Electrical conductivity measurements were carried out on the pastes of the first group mixes using two initial water-to-solid (W/S) ratios of 0.55 and 0.70 by weight; while the W/S ratios used for the second group mixes were 1.00 and 1.20 by weight. The measurements were done at 25 and 45 °C for each paste during setting and hardening processes after gauging with deionized water. Rheological properties were studied at room temperature for all mixes using various W/S ratios. The results obtained indicate clearly the effect of SF and W/S ratio on the rheological properties and electrical conductivity of all pastes under investigation. The relation between the electrical conductivity and rheological properties for different mixes were discussed based on the chemical nature and physical state of the hydration products formed at early ages of hydration.     

Effect of blended inorganic salts containing negative hydration ions on hydration and properties of alkali-activated slag cement

Water glass (WG) is generally considered to be the most effective activator to prepare alkali-activated slag (AAS) cement in terms of strength and durability. However, the rapid setting and hardening of WG activated slag results in rapid loss of fluidity of AAS concrete mixture, which limits its engineering application. In the paper, the effect of blended inorganic salts containing negative hydration ions on the fluidity, setting time and mechanical strength of AAS cement was studied. The hydration process and hydration products were used to explore the action mechanism. Ba(NO₃)₂ greatly delayed the hydration of AAS cement. The four inorganic salts (KCl, KNO₃, KBr and NaCl) blended with a small amount of Ba(NO₃)₂ can improve both the initial fluidity and fluidity retention, and a wide setting time range can be obtained to meet engineering requirements. The compressive strength decreased with the increase of inorganic salts. The incorporation of inorganic salt did not change the composition of the main hydration products. Considering the fluidity required by construction, mechanical properties and the durability of structure, it is recommended to add 4%–5% KBr or KNO₃ blended with no more than 0.2% Ba(NO₃)₂ into AAS cement.     

稻草纤维碱萃取物对碱式硫酸镁水泥性能的影响

主要研究了稻草纤维碱处理液对碱式硫酸镁水泥凝结时间、流动度和强度的影响,同时利用XRD对水泥水化产物的物相组成进行了分析.研究结果显示,稻草纤维中的萃取物对水泥浆体有缓凝作用,并使得水泥浆体的流动度降低,早期强度也较低.由于纤维萃取物阻止了水泥浆体中MgO水解生成[Mg(OH)(H2O)x]+,抑制了早期水化产物中5Mg(OH)2· MgSO4· 7H2O(5· 1· 7)相的形成,因而早期强度发展缓慢.与溶剂为水的碱式硫酸镁水泥相比,碱处理过程中NaOH溶液加速了水泥的正常凝结,降低了水泥浆体的流动性,并对强度的发展有抑制作用.NaOH与MgSO4反应生成Mg(OH)2,使得水泥浆体中Mg2+减少,Mg(OH)2含量增加,导致水泥强度有所降低.     

Synthesis and characterization of calcium aluminate nanoceramics for new applications

Two types of nanocalcium aluminate powders containing 70 and 60 wt.% Al₂O₃ were prepared by thermal decomposition and investigated in terms of mineralogical composition, hydration, mechanical properties and microstructure. The results revealed that S1 is composed mainly of the CA and CA₂ phases, while S2 composed of CA and C₁₂A₇ phases after heat-treatment at 1000 °C. The maximum crystallite sizes for S2 and S1 were 44 and 52 nm and the minimum ones 12 and 19, respectively. Both samples still have small crystallite size after heat-treatment at 1000 °C. The present phases, i.e. CA, CA₂ and C₁₂A₇ affect the properties of hydrated and sintered ceramic bodies. S2 hydrated sample achieved higher strength (58.5 MPa) than S1 (52.4 MPa). The higher strength of S2 is ascribed to the presence of CA and C₁₂A₇ as a major component, since it reacts rapidly with water. In S1, the poor hydration of CA₂ at the early stage of hydration lowers strength after 7 days hydration as compared with S2. Cold crushing strength (CCS) data of the sintered ceramics bodies exhibit high strength of both samples after firing at 1550 and 1450 °C for S1 and S2, respectively. This is due to the formation of a ceramic bond.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰煅烧阿利尼特水泥熟料的形成过程及其水化性能研究

以城市垃圾焚烧飞灰(以下简称焚烧飞灰)为主要原料,在实验室电炉里成功研制了阿利尼特水泥熟料。本文主要研究水泥熟料煅烧形成过程及其水化性能,分析了阿利尼特水泥的适宜石膏掺量、水化放热特征、水化产物及其显微结构。研究结果表明:利用垃圾焚烧飞灰为主要原料可以成功烧制阿利尼特水泥熟料,煅烧过程中首先出现C2S、C12A7和C2S·CaCl2,随后与MgO和CaCl2反应生成阿利尼特;掺加5%二水石膏可以促进阿利尼特水泥水化,较普通硅酸盐水泥更快,阿利尼特水泥可以作为一种早强快硬型水泥使用;阿利尼特水泥主要水化产物除含有硅酸盐水泥中常见的CSH凝胶、棒状AFt和Ca(OH)2晶体外,还含有C3A·CaCl·210H2O晶体。     

固体碱激发矿粉/粉煤灰注浆材料性能及机理研究

以矿粉和粉煤灰为主要原料,NaOH和Na₂SiO₃·5H₂O为固体碱激发剂,制备地聚合物注浆材料,考察激发剂的模数、掺量及养护条件对材料性能的影响。当固体碱激发剂模数为1.0,掺入量为8%(质量分数)时,注浆材料初凝时间为120 min,工作时间可达50 min,经28 d养护后抗折和抗压强度分别可达7.1 MPa和42.7 MPa。相较于非密闭养护,密闭养护有利于早期强度形成,1 d、3 d、7 d抗压强度分别提高了38.0%、38.2%和19.3%。XRD、FT-IR、SEM/EDS测试结果表明,原料水化完全,最终产物包含无定形水化产物、钙沸石、水合铝硅酸钠钙矿和C-S-H凝胶等组分。反应过程中原料的Si—O—Al、Si—O—Si发生重组生成凝胶物质,并团聚成钙沸石类球形产物,提高材料强度。