高性能PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料研究进展及应用

高性能PVA(聚乙烯醇)纤维增强水泥基复合材料(PVA-ECC)是一种具有应变硬化、多缝开裂能力和高能量吸收能力的超高韧性纤维增强水泥基复合材料。文中阐述了高性能PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料的研究背景、进展以及基本性能。得出:与普通水泥基复合材料相比,PVA-ECC的抗弯抗拉以及抗压性能均有所提高,同时具有良好的延性和耐久性。目前,PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料已成功应用于实际工程中。     

混杂纤维增强应变硬化水泥基复合材料(HyFRSHCC)的力学性能

为提高高性能纤维增强水泥基复合材料的性价比,设计了一种由聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维、钢纤维以及碳酸钙晶须作为增强材料,水泥砂浆作为基体的混杂纤维增强应变硬化水泥基复合材料(HyFRSHCC).通过单轴压缩试验和四点弯曲试验对这种HyFRSHCC的抗压和抗弯性能进行了研究.结果表明HyFRSHCC的抗压强度高于基体材料,且在破坏时能保持良好的整体性;在弯曲荷载作用下表现出显著的应变硬化特征及多缝开裂行为,具有较高的能量吸收能力与变形能力.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的观察结果表明碳酸钙晶须在材料破坏过程中限制了微裂缝的发展,而PVA纤维与钢纤维实现了对宏观裂缝的控制.通过引入碳酸钙晶须和钢纤维可以适量代替价格较高的PVA纤维,降低纤维增强应变硬化水泥基复合材料的成本.     

多尺度纤维增强水泥基材料的研究进展

随着现代工程技术的不断进步,超高层、超深井、大跨度等复杂恶劣环境对水泥基材料提出了更高的要求,鉴于水泥基材料是一种具有多尺度结构特征的复合材料,因此使用多尺度纤维是增强水泥基材料性能的有效途径.本文在综述国内外水泥基材料多尺度特征研究进展的基础上,介绍了水泥基材料的多尺度模型发展概况,指出了目前的研究中各个尺度模型之间的联系不够紧密的不足;总结了水泥基材料内部裂纹由微观至宏观的多尺度扩展、破坏过程;论述了单一纤维和多尺度纤维增强水泥基材料的研究现状,提出了目前应加强对多尺度纤维的增强机理的研究、开发性价比更高的纤维体系等建议.最后对多尺度纤维增强水泥基材料的研究方向进行了展望.     

玄武岩纤维及其增强水泥基复合材料研究进展

玄武岩纤维是一种新型无机绿色环保高性能纤维材料.综述了玄武岩纤维及其玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料(basalt fiber reinforced cement-based composite)国内外最新研究进展,简要介绍了玄武岩纤维国内外研究进展,玄武岩纤维表面处理技术对界面性能的影响以及对提高复合材料整体性能的必要性,并重点介绍了玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料力学性能研究和纤维增强机理以及玄武岩纤维水工混凝土及BFRP加固应用.最后对玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料的发展研究方向进行了展望.     

聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥基复合材料轴压徐变性能研究

通过自制加载装置,研究了聚乙烯醇纤维(PVA)增强水泥基复合材料在轴向压应力作用下的徐变性能.研究参数包括水胶比和纤维掺量.研究结果表明:纤维掺入会降低水泥基复合材料抵抗徐变的能力,相对于未掺纤维的水泥基复合材料,纤维掺量为1％时其120 d徐变增加了19.4％;适当的水胶比有利于胶凝材料充分反应,增加对PVA水泥基复合材料对徐变的抑制作用,当水胶比超过0.3时PVA水泥基复合材料的力学性能会出现一定程度的降低,且120 d徐变会呈现快速增加.基于分数阶导数理论,采用Abel粘壶替代标准线性固体模型中的牛顿粘壶,推导出用于描述水泥基复合材料的徐变模型,并利用该徐变模型对试验数据进行分析.结果表明,含Abel粘壶的徐变模型与试验数据吻合良好且稳定性较高.     

聚乙烯醇纤维复合水泥基材料性能的研究进展

基于聚乙烯醇（properties of polyvinyl alcohol,PVA）纤维的各种性能优异性及其发展前景，PVA纤维作为一种性能优良并且价钱低廉的材料，能够改善水泥基材料抗压强度低、抗折强度低、抗裂性能差等缺点。同时PVA纤维是当前一种较好的水泥混凝土增强材料，并且PVA纤维具有价格低、强度高等特点，是一种化学合成纤维，在水泥基混合料中的增强效果比其他纤维要显著，但目前PVA纤维在水泥基材料中的实际应用还未受到太多关注，因此，本文将以PVA纤维作为主要研究对象，介绍PVA纤维对复合水泥基材料力学及耐久性能的影响。     

秸秆纤维增强水泥基复合材料研究现状

阐述了国内外秸秆纤维水泥基增强复合材料的研究现状,从生产技术、制备工艺、配合比设计等方面出发,重点介绍了各种秸秆纤维材料对水泥基增强复合材料性能的影响。秸秆纤维水泥基复合材料原料丰富,绿色环保,具备优良的保温隔热、抗冲击能力以及社会经济效益。研究不同秸秆纤维的性能、寻求秸秆纤维水泥基增强复合材料的可持续发展道路具有重要意义。     

纤维增强水泥基复合材料的新发展

介绍了纤维增强水泥基复合材料的应用与研究现状，展望了新型纤维增强水泥基复合材料的发展方向。     

基于数字图像方法的混掺纤维应变硬化水泥基复合材料力学性能及变形特征

为揭示混掺纤维对应变硬化水泥基复合材料力学性能和变形行为的影响规律,研究了玄武岩–聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维应变硬化水泥基复合材料的抗拉、抗压性能及压应变演化特征.设计了纤维掺量为材料体积分数的2％,玄武岩纤维和PVA纤维掺量比分别为3:1、1:1和1:3,同时控制粉煤灰与水泥掺量的比值(FA/C)分别为1.2、1.5和2...     

碳纤维增强水泥的发展

一种由PAN基碳纤维制做的特种纤维增强水泥已由日本的Toho Rayon和Taisei公司联合研制成功。这种复合材料采用类似于树脂基复合材料的工艺技术生产,如预浸/铺放、纤维缠绕和拉挤;与传统类型的材料包括短切纤维增强水泥相比,它具有优良的机械性能和其它性能,其机械性能是从工艺因素的角度论述的。本文也介绍了这种碳纤维增强水泥复合材料在民用工程和建筑领域中的潜在用途。     

聚乙烯醇纤维混凝土动态断裂过程试验研究

为探究纤维体积掺量对聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥基复合材料(PVA-ECC)断裂过程的影响,基于50 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置对不同纤维体积掺量(0%、0.75%、1.50%、2.25%、3.00%)的PVA-ECC中心切槽半圆盘弯曲(NSCB)试件进行冲击试验,同时结合超高速数字图像(DIC)相关试验系统对PVA-ECC材料的动态断裂过程进行试验研究,得到了预制裂纹尖端张开位移的变化规律以及各组试件的临界裂缝尖端张开位移(CTOD_C)。结果表明,当不添加PVA纤维或添加较少(小于1.50%)时,裂尖宏观裂纹基本出现在裂尖荷载的峰值时刻处,而随着PVA纤维掺量的增加,裂尖宏观裂纹的出现显著早于裂尖荷载的峰值时刻,并且纤维体积掺量越大,裂尖宏观裂纹出现得越早,裂纹扩展至完全断裂的时间也显著增加。添加聚乙烯醇纤维可以显著提高混凝土试件的CTOD_C值,提高试件的阻裂能力,相同冲击荷载下,体积掺量为2.25%的聚乙烯醇纤维试件具有较大的CTOD_C值。     

PVA纤维表面改性对水泥基复合材料弯曲性能的影响

采用有机硅柔软剂对国产聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维进行表面改性,并制备了纤维增强水泥基复合材料(PVA-ECC)。采用扫描电子显微镜研究了有机硅柔软剂改性对PVA纤维表面结构的影响,用三点弯曲试验研究了有机硅柔软剂改性的PVA纤维对PVA-ECC复合材料弯曲性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着有机硅柔软剂含量的增加,PVA-ECC的极限弯曲强度和极限跨中挠度均先增加再减小,当有机硅柔软剂质量分数为7%时,极限弯曲强度和极限跨中挠度达到最大值,分别为5.627 MPa和2.123 mm;用ASTM C1609标准分析PVA-ECC三点弯曲韧性,当有机硅柔软剂质量分数为7%时,弯曲韧性达到最大值。     

应变强化纤维加强水泥基配筋复合材料的抗弯承载力模型

本文建立了钢筋一应变强化类高性能水泥基复合材料的抗弯承载力模型．传统的钢筋混凝土构件易开裂,耐久性差,高性能纤维加强水泥基复合材料强度较高,受拉时延性好,作为基体配置钢筋后,与相同配筋条件的混凝土梁相比,承载力和延性均提高．     

基于细观力学的延性构件的设计

本文阐述了依据细观力学原理设计高性能纤维增强水泥基复合材料(HPFRCC)的原则。普通钢筋或FRP筋混凝土构件需设置大量的箍筋保证延性。HPFRCC强度较高，受拉和受剪时延性较好，作为基体配置钢／FRP筋后，与相同配筋条件的混凝土梁相比，承载力和延性均提高。     

Compressive fatigue damage and failure mechanism of fiber reinforced cementitious material with high ductility

The fiber reinforced cementitious material with high ductility has potential use in particular environments and structures that undergo repeated or fatigue loads. In this study, a series of monotonic and fatigue tests were performed to investigate the compressive fatigue behavior of this material. It is found that the fatigue life of this material is higher than that of plain concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete under the same stress level. In addition, the failure deformation of fiber reinforced cementitious material with high ductility under fatigue load was larger than the monotonic envelope, while the envelope coincides with the monotonic loading curve for concrete or fiber reinforced concrete. The failure surface and damage process were investigated and a new failure mode of polyvinyl alcohol fiber with crushed end was discovered. The fatigue failure surface could be divided into three regions, including fatigue source region, transition region and crack extension region.     

Improving the interface bond between fiber mesh and cementitious matrix

The use of continuous fiber mesh as reinforcement of cementitious composites is attractive for various applications. In this paper, fracture toughness was used to evaluate the flexural behavior of glass concrete reinforced with either AR-glass or polypropylene fiber mesh. AR-glass fiber mesh was found to be much more efficient, but polypropylene fiber mesh is less expensive and has no aging problem. A research project is underway at Columbia University to improve the bond between the polypropylene fiber mesh and cementitious matrix. Results obtained so far indicate a great improvement of the mechanical properties of the fiber mesh-reinforced material.     

Effects of fibre type and matrix structure on the mechanical performance of self-compacting micro-concrete composites

The compatibility of matrix and fibre properties is one of the key parameters in the successful design of fibre reinforced cementitious composites. In order to achieve the desired performance, the properties of each constituent of composite should be properly configured. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of two polymer based micro-fibres (polypropylene and polyvinyl alcohol) in different matrices (high strength and comparatively low strength with fly ash incorporation) which were designed to contain considerably high amounts of fibres (1% by volume) while maintaining their self-compactability. The fresh state thixotropic behaviour of fibre reinforced matrices was minimised by proper adjustment of water/cementitious material ratio and admixture dosage. The mechanical properties (first crack strength and displacement, flexural strength and relative toughness) of prismatic composite samples were compared by three point flexural loading test. The typical behaviours of selected composites and collapse mechanisms of PP and PVA fibres in these matrices were characterised by microstructural studies. It was concluded that, a high strength matrix with a high strength fibre give the best performance from the view point of flexural strength and toughness performance. However, incorporation of fly ash did not cause a significant reduction in composite performance possibly due to its enhancing effect on matrix–fibre interface adhesion. The possibilities and suggestions to further improve the performance of the composites were also discussed.     

Investigation on stress-crack opening relationship of engineered cementitious composites using inverse approach

The stress-crack opening relationship of engineered cementitious composites was determined with an inverse method. Four cement matrixes with water to cement ratio of 0.55, 0.45, 0.35, 0.25 and fiber contents of 0.5%, 1.0% in volume were selected to form different series of composites. The results show that the σ–w relationship of the cement matrix is instant strain softening after the cracking strength. After adding polyvinyl alcohol fibers, the stress-crack opening relationship of the composites changes to a double peak mode behavior as the crack bridging first decreases from cracking strength, then increases to the second peak. After that the tensile softening is displayed again with increase of crack opening. The cracking strength is governed by the cement matrix and the second peak stress is controlled by the fibers and fiber/matrix interface. The second peak is greatly increased with increase of fiber content. The second peak stress larger than the cracking strength means strain-hardening and multiple cracking performances can be expected under tension.     

纤维增强水泥基复合材料的研究进展

综述了纤维增强水泥基复合材料(fiber reinforced cementitious composites,FRCC)目前在国内外的研究进展.简要介绍了FRCC的概念及其基本性能,详细介绍了超高性能FRCC的国内外研究进展,重点介绍了FRCC的纤维间距、复合材料以及多重裂缝等理论的研究情况以及FRCC工程应用情况,在此基础上,提出了当前FRCC研究中存在的问题和今后需要进一步研究的方向.     

Esterified PVA-lignin resin by maleic acid applicable for natural fiber reinforced composites

This article reports an esterified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-lignin resin that is applicable for natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. To meet the requirement for the composites, a biopolymer-based resin is necessary, which should well interact with the natural fiber with good waterproof behavior. By mimicking the relationship between cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose in wood, the esterified PVA-lignin resin with maleic acid is provided. The preparation and characterization of the environment-friendly resin are illustrated in this article. 180 °C of esterification reaction temperature and 40% of maleic acid contents are shown to be an optimum condition for the preparation of the resin. The esterified PVA-lignin resin exhibits 13, 31, and 55% increase of its tensile strength, toughness, and failure strength, respectively. The water contact angle of the esterified PVA-lignin resin is improved from 0 to 57°. The prepared resin is originally thermoplastic composite and it turned to be a thermoset resin by the esterification reaction at 180 °C, which is beneficial for composite processing. The developed resin is applicable for environment-friendly and high strength-natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48836.