水泥浆体屈服应力和黏度与其测试分析影响因素研究

采用RHEOLAB QC型旋转黏度计,分别以转速与剪切速率为控制变量测定了水泥浆体稳态流变曲线,分别用Couette转换与流变模型研究了水泥浆体屈服应力和黏度与测试及分析影响因素之间的关系.结果表明:Couette转换能反映测试条件变化对屈服应力和黏度的影响;增大试样筒与转子的间距,由转速转化的剪切速率增大,颗粒迁移作用增强,动态屈服应力递减,塑性黏度递增;增大试样筒外壁的摩擦系数,浆体与外筒壁间相对运动情况不发生变化,对动态屈服应力与塑性黏度基本无影响;依据拟合相关系数,流变模型中Herschel-Bulkley模型的吻合程度最好;依据结果标准差,Herschel-Bulkley模型的动态屈服应力结果稳定性最好,Bingham与改进Bingham模型的塑性黏度结果的稳定性相差不大.     

粉煤灰对水泥浆体的剪切变稀和剪切增稠作用

采用RHEOLAB QC型旋转黏度计测试了粉煤灰掺量对水泥浆体流变行为的影响,采用HERSCHEL-BULKEY(H-B)流变模型对所测数据进行了拟合。结果表明:浆体流变曲线中有1个拐点,拐点所对应的流变参数为临界剪切速率(γcrit)、临界剪切应力(τcrit)和最小黏度值(ηmin),拐点左右两侧的浆体可分为剪切变稀和剪切增稠2个阶段。纯水泥浆体在较大的剪切速率下仍表现为剪切变稀。掺入粉煤灰后,浆体的γcrit、τcrit和ηmin均较纯水泥浆体降低,当粉煤灰掺量大于40%以后,浆体在较低临界剪切速率下出现了剪切增稠。在剪切变稀阶段,当粉煤灰掺量不大于50%时,增大粉煤灰掺量则浆体的流变指数显著降低,当粉煤灰掺量大于50%时,增加粉煤灰掺量,浆体流变指数增大,但均低于纯水泥浆体的流变指数;在剪切增稠阶段,随粉煤灰掺量的增加,浆体的流变指数增大,浆体剪切增稠的程度也增大。粉煤灰的掺入增大了剪切变稀阶段浆体剪切变稀的程度,也增大了剪切增稠阶段浆体剪切增稠的程度。     

剪切速率和温度对低水胶比水泥浆流变性能的影响

水泥浆体的流变性能不仅与材料本身有关,还受环境及外部作用影响。本文针对水泥基材料实际工程中存在的主要外部影响因素,即剪切作用与环境温度,研究了两者对低水胶比水泥浆流变性能的耦合作用。结果表明:水泥浆体在剪切过程中的流变行为与所施加的预剪切有关,水泥浆体的屈服应力随预剪切速率的增大而减小,剪切增稠的程度随预剪切速率的增大而增大;温度升高,水泥颗粒对减水剂的吸附量增加,浆体在不同剪切速率下的平衡表观黏度减小;温度和剪切速率对水泥浆平衡表观黏度的影响具有耦合效应,剪切速率越高,温度的影响越小,反之亦然,并建立了不同温度和剪切速率下平衡表观黏度的数学关系。     

纳米SiO2对新拌水泥浆体流变性能的影响

选用RHEOLAB QC型旋转黏度计,分别测试了内掺水泥质量分数0.0％、1.0％、2.0％与3.0％纳米SiO2的水泥浆体在5℃、20℃、30℃时的稳态流变曲线、静态屈服应力、恒定速率剪切下的表观黏度与剪切应力,系统研究了不同环境温度时纳米SiO2对新拌水泥浆体流变性能的影响.结果表明:随纳米SiO2掺量增加,水泥浆体的动态屈服应力与稠度系数均显著增大;随温度升高,掺纳米SiO2的水泥浆体的稠度系数均增大,纳米SiO2掺量为0％与1.0％的水泥浆体的动态屈服应力增大,而纳米SiO2掺量为2.0％、3.0％的水泥浆体的动态屈服应力基本不变;随纳米SiO2掺量增加,水泥浆体的静态屈服应力与其在10～120 min的增长速率均增大;20℃、30℃时,随纳米SiO2掺量增加,水泥浆体的剪切变稀程度增大;5℃与30℃时,随纳米SiO2掺量增加,水泥浆体的触变指数增大;当纳米SiO2掺量为1.0％时,水泥浆体的活化能低,温度敏感性弱,热稳定性好.     

大理石粉颗粒丛特性对水泥浆体流变性能影响

试验研究了水泥-大理石粉浆体剪切应力和塑性黏度随剪切速率变化的规律,使用Bingham流体模型和PowerLaw流体模型分别对浆体低剪切速率和高剪切速率阶段的剪切应力进行拟合,得到浆体屈服应力,塑性黏度系数.探究了水泥-大理石粉颗粒丛特性即颗粒分布宽度、颗粒数密度、总比表面积和Zeta电位与浆体屈服应力和塑性黏度的关系.研究结果表明:大理石粉比表面积小于640m2/kg时,起到稀化浆体的作用,大于640m2/kg时起稠化作用,且稀化或稠化的作用随其掺量的增加而增大.浆体中颗粒间接触点数量和固-液相接触面积增大使浆体屈服应力,塑性黏度提高.大理石粉降低了水泥浆体Zeta电位,浆体中粒子间静电作用力减弱,对流动性起到削弱作用.     

水泥-白云石粉浆体流变性能研究

试验采用旋转黏度计测定了水泥-白云石粉浆体剪切应力和塑性黏度随剪切速率变化的规律,对所测浆体T-γ曲线采用Bingham流体模型进行拟合,得到浆体屈服应力和塑性黏度,采用Power Law流体模型拟合出浆体的流变指数,并用触变环面积表征浆体的触变性.研究结果表明:在0 ～ 30％掺量范围内,随白云石粉掺量的增大,水泥浆体的屈服应力、塑性黏度和触变性均逐渐增加;白云石粉细度对浆体屈服应力和塑性黏度影响较小.     

旋转黏度计测定水泥浆体静态屈服应力和黏弹性研究

采用旋转黏度计进行了恒定剪切速率、应力松弛、蠕变试验,研究了水泥浆体的静态屈服应力和黏弹性.结果表明:新拌水泥浆体属于带有屈服应力的黏弹性流体,其静态屈服应力为弹性向黏性转变时所对应的剪切应力;恒定剪切速率、应力松弛、蠕变试验均能测试出水泥浆体屈服应力和黏弹性.在恒定剪切速率试验中,新拌水泥浆体的屈服应力测试依赖于测试时剪切速率的选择,剪切速率过小,水泥浆体不出现静态屈服应力,剪切速率过大,测试的静态屈服应力较小;在应力松弛和蠕变试验中,测试出的水泥浆体静态屈服应力较恒定剪切速率试验的精确.对于一个静态屈服应力未知的新拌水泥浆体,可先采用恒定剪切速率试验粗略选择剪切速率和剪切应力范围,之后采用应力松弛或蠕变试验进行精确测试其静态屈服应力.     

乳胶粉掺量对纤维素醚改性水泥浆体流变性能的影响

采用Anton Paar MCR 302型流变仪研究了乳胶粉掺量对纤维素醚改性水泥浆体流变性能和触变性的影响.结果表明,掺入乳胶粉的纤维素醚改性水泥浆体表现为剪切稀化的流变特性,当剪切速率较小时,浆体黏度下降显著.乳胶粉掺量越大,浆体基于Herschel-Bulkey模型拟合得到的屈服应力和黏度系数均越大.并且乳胶粉能...     

水泥-粉煤灰-石灰石粉复合浆体的流变性能

采用Rheolab QC型旋转黏度计研究了水泥–粉煤灰–石灰石粉复合浆体的流变性能,分析了不同粉体含量以及石灰石粉颗粒粒径对复合浆体屈服应力、塑性黏度以及触变性的影响。结果表明:复合浆体中石灰石粉掺量增大或颗粒粒径减小,浆体屈服应力、塑性黏度和触变性均增大;随剪切速率增大,水泥–粉煤灰–石灰石粉复合浆体发生显著的剪切稀化现象,随后塑性黏度渐趋稳定,掺入石灰石粉后,提高了浆体由剪切稀化向塑性黏度逐渐稳定时需要的剪切速率;在水泥–粉煤灰体系浆体中掺入质量分数为20%～40%石灰石粉能够显著改善浆体的流变性能,提高浆体的稳定性。     

基于扩展度动态测量的水泥浆体流变参数表征

建立了侧面滑移模型,并推导出水泥浆体剪切应力和剪切速率的计算公式.将公式应用到水泥浆体扩展度的动态变化过程,获得浆体扩展度随时间线性变化阶段的“剪切应力-剪切速率”曲线,求得不同水灰比水泥浆体的塑性粘度和屈服应力,并与旋转粘度计的测量值进行了比较.结果 表明,随时间延长,水泥浆体扩展速率表现出先慢后快再变慢的特点,并存在快速变化的线性段.扩展度快速变化线性段的塑性粘度与屈服应力经比例系数修正后与旋转粘度计测定值吻合良好.由此说明,对最终扩展度在一定范围(180 ～ 320 mm)的水泥浆体,可以通过扩展度动态测量表征浆体的流变参数.     

超细粉体对水泥净浆流变行为影响研究

采用截锥圆模法测定不同掺量超细粉体水泥复合浆液的流动度.采用ZNN-D6B型旋转黏度计研究超细玻璃粉和偏高岭土两种超细粉体对水泥净浆流变行为的影响,得到了剪切速率-剪切应力(γ-τ)曲线和剪切速率-表观粘度(γ-μa)曲线,并分别采用宾汉姆模型和赫-巴模型对γ-τ流变曲线进行拟合,得到不同掺量超细玻璃粉-水泥(GP-C)复合浆液和偏高岭土-水泥(MK-C)复合浆液的动切力、塑性粘度、稠度系数和流性指数等流变参数.结果表明:超细粉体的加入降低了复合浆液的流动度.随着掺量的增加,两种复合浆液的宾汉动切力τ0、塑性粘度η、赫-巴动切力τy均逐渐增大,MK-C复合浆液的稠度系数K和流性指数n逐渐减小,GP-C复合浆液的稠度系数K呈现增大-减小-增大的趋势,而流性指数n呈现减小-增大-减小的趋势.所有样本表观粘度μa都随着剪切速率的增大而减小,呈现剪切稀释现象.     

硅微粉对水泥浆体流变性能的影响

运用水化热测定仪、流变仪、以及Dinger-Funk紧密堆积等方法,研究了硅微粉掺入水泥中对复合浆体的流变性能的影响,比较了不同硅微粉掺量对复合浆体的早期水化放热、紧密堆积程度、屈服应力和塑性粘度的作用.结果显示:硅微粉取代水泥后,降低浆体水化热放热量,提高了体系紧密堆积程度;Bingham流体仍适用于硅微粉-水泥复合浆体,取代5%、10%、15%水泥的复合浆体,屈服应力和塑性粘度在0、60 min时都小于纯水泥浆体,并且取代10%水泥的复合浆体,其屈服应力和塑性粘度在0、60 min时都最小,流变性能最好.     

Method for calculating dynamic yield stress of fresh cement pastes using a coaxial cylinder system

The calculation of the rheological parameters of fresh cement pastes plays a key role in understanding the rheology of cement-based mixes. Because cement paste is not a simple Bingham fluid, a suitable nonlinear model must be found for characterizing its flow. A test system in which the rotational speed or shear rate can be changed in multiple steps is regarded as a suitable rheological test protocol because the paste reaches a steady state. Furthermore, theoretical derivations show that the solution of the Couette inverse problem corresponding to the modified Bingham model and the Herschel–Bulkley (H-B) model is complex. However, a comparative analysis revealed that the yield stress of fresh paste could easily be obtained through a calculation process based on a Parabolic model. This study presents the complete calculation procedure for this model. The influence of the plug flow is considered, and test points with low minimum shear stress (τ_min) are excluded. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with the results obtained using mini-cone slump tests. These results show that the dynamic yield stress calculated using the expression of the Couette inverse problem based on the Parabolic model in consideration of the plug flow is very close to the yield stress obtained using the mini-cone slump flow test. This proves that the proposed method could precisely characterize the dynamic yield stress of cement pastes.     

Estimating rheological properties of cement pastes using various rheological models for different test geometry, gap and surface friction

Shear stress-shear rate flow tests were carried out on various cement pastes incorporating different mineral additions and chemical admixtures using various test geometries. Different gaps and friction capacity of shearing surfaces of the test geometries were employed in the flow tests. Rheological properties of cement pastes were calculated from the resulting flow curves using various rheological models. The Bingham, Modified Bingham, Herchel-Bulkley and Casson models were used to estimate yield stress. Plastic viscosity was estimated by the Bingham, Modified Bingham and Casson models, while the Williamson and Sisko models were used to estimate the theoretical viscosity at zero and infinite shear rates. It was observed that the rheological properties of cement pastes varied with the change of the test geometries and rheological models used for their calculation. The performance of rheological models in estimating the rheological properties of cement pastes, as expressed by a standard error, varied with the test geometries as well as with the composition of cement pastes. The paper highlights the difficulty in reconciling rheological results from different sources and the need for standardizing rheological test methods for rheological interlaboratory results to be critically analyzed and compared.     

新拌石灰石粉-偏高岭土-水泥系统流变特性研究

石灰石粉和偏高岭土复掺可以替代部分水泥,有效降低水泥制品的碳排放。采用安东帕MCR 302旋转流变仪测试了新拌石灰石粉-偏高岭土-水泥浆体系统的流变特性。通过单纯形重心法对石灰石粉-偏高岭土-水泥砂浆系统进行了试验设计,利用Viscometer 5型混凝土流变仪对不同配比砂浆的流变特性进行了测试。结果表明：随着偏高岭土掺量的增加,水泥浆体的屈服应力和塑性黏度显著增大;随着石灰石粉掺量的增加,水泥浆体的屈服应力和塑性黏度呈先增大后减小的趋势;改变砂浆胶凝材料的配比能够显著影响砂浆的流动性以及流变参数。     

Why is fresh self-compacting concrete shear thickening?

The rheological properties of fresh concrete are mostly described by means of the Bingham model. For self-compacting concrete, the Bingham model is applicable in a lot of cases, but some authors report that the rheological behaviour is non-linear. The apparent viscosity increases with increasing shear rate and the SCC shows shear thickening behaviour. Shear thickening becomes important in operations occurring at high shear rates, like mixing and pumping. In these cases, shear thickening should not be forgotten in order to avoid breaking of the mixer, pump or pipes.This paper will describe two possible theories for shear thickening behaviour of SCC, based on results published in the rheology literature. The first theory consists of the formation of so-called (hydro-)clusters, which are temporary assemblies of small particles. These clusters start being formed from a certain shear stress on: the critical shear stress. They cause the viscosity to increase with increasing shear rate. A second theory is based on grain inertia, where a part of the shearing force is transmitted through direct momentum transfer between solid particles. Results on cement pastes prove that the grain inertia theory is not the main cause of shear thickening in self-compacting concrete. The influence of several parameters on the shear thickening behaviour of SCC can be well explained by means of the cluster theory.     

Influence of time addition of superplasticizers on the rheological properties of fresh cement pastes

It is well known that the fluidity and the fluidity loss of fresh cement pastes are affected by the kind and the time of addition of organic admixtures. The influence of the time addition of two chemical admixtures, namely, melamine formaldehyde sulfonate (MFS) and naphthalene formaldehyde sulfonate (NFS), on the rheological properties of ordinary Portland and sulfate-resisting cement pastes through the first 120 min of hydration was investigated. The admixture addition was delayed by 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 min. Shear stress and apparent viscosity of the cement pastes were determined at different shear rates (3-146 s⁻¹) and hydration times of 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The concentration of Ca²⁺ and the combined water content of the cement pastes were determined after 120 min. Yield stress and plastic viscosity values were also determined by using the Bingham model. The results show that an increase in the addition time of the admixture reduces the shear stress, the yield stress, and the plastic viscosity of the cement pastes at the early ages (15 min) as well as at later early ages (120 min). The optimum delaying time of admixture addition is found to be 10-15 min. This time does not depend on the cement and superplasticizer type.