无机盐/石英基复合相变储能材料多孔陶瓷基体的制备

以石英为骨料,钾长石为高温粘结剂,木炭为造孔剂制备无机盐/石英基复合相变储能材料用的微米孔石英多孔陶瓷基体,采用正交实验法系统研究了骨料颗粒粒度、造孔剂粒度、造孔剂含量、高温粘结剂含量及烧成温度对石英多孔陶瓷的显气孔率和抗折强度的影响.研究结果表明,影响石英多孔陶瓷抗折强度的最主要因素是长石含量,其次是骨料粒度和造孔剂粒度;影响石英多孔陶瓷显气孔率的主要因素是造孔剂含量.制备微米孔石英多孔陶瓷的优化配方和工艺是:石英、木炭和长石均过325目筛,三者质量比为7:2:1,烧成温度为1270f,保温时间为1h.该陶瓷具有以下优良的性能:显气孔率为55.12％,体积密度为1.14 g,/cm3,抗折强度为3.14 MPa,抗压强度为7.12 MPa,平均孔径为13.87 μm且孔径分布范围较窄,96％的气孔孔径在9～21 μm之间.     

粉煤灰合成钙长石多孔陶瓷的结构与性能

以高钙粉煤灰为主要原料,通过添加造孔剂,采用高温固相烧结法合成出钙长石多孔陶瓷。考察了烧成制度和造孔剂含量对多孔陶瓷显气孔率及抗折强度的影响。利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜表征了多孔陶瓷的物相组成和微观结构。结果表明:提高烧成温度和延长保温时间会降低多孔陶瓷的显气孔率,增强其抗折强度;增加造孔剂含量会导致显气孔率升高,但过量添加反而造成显气孔率下降。当烧成温度为1 140℃、保温时间为90 min、造孔剂含量为35%(质量分数)时,多孔陶瓷具有较高的显气孔率和抗折强度(分别达到58.05%和9.41 MPa)。多孔陶瓷的主晶相为钙长石,孔径分布为数微米到150μm。     

高温气固分离碳化硅陶瓷支撑体成型压力研究

本文在保持显气孔率35%的前提条件下,研究了等静压成型的成型压力对高温气固分离碳化硅多孔陶瓷支撑体的强度、孔隙率和过滤压降的影响,同时研究了造孔剂含量与所需成型压力的关系。结果表明,在满足孔隙率的前提下,随着造孔剂含量的变化,成型压力也需相应地变化。当造孔剂含量为3 wt%、成型压力为40 MPa时,成型后坯体的强度、烧成后制品的强度和过滤压降均较理想。     

正交试验法优化高温烟气过滤陶瓷的制备工艺

笔者以堇青石为过滤陶瓷骨料,高岭土、钾长石、锂辉石为主要原料的低热膨胀体系为过滤陶瓷结合剂,以木炭粉为造孔剂,通过半干压成形工艺制备高温烟气过滤陶瓷。以所得试样的显气孔率和抗压强度为目标函数,以球磨时间、成形压力、烧成温度及保温时间的工艺参数为变量进行正交优化设计。结果表明,烧成保温时间对显气孔率和抗压强度影响最大;试样获得最大显气孔率和最大抗压强度的最佳方案为球磨时间0 min,成形压力6 MPa,烧成温度1 250℃,烧成时间30 min。     

Al2O3多孔陶瓷的制备和性能研究

采用乙基纤维素为成孔剂制备了Al2O3多孔陶瓷,探讨了工艺参数对其性能的影响。研究结果表明,造孔剂含量、球磨时间及烧结温度均对多孔陶瓷的气孔率和抗折强度有影响。烧结温度的升高使得气孔率降低,但变化不明显,抗折强度明显提高。随造孔剂含量的升高,使得气孔率逐渐上升,超过20％后变化趋于平稳。随着球磨时间的增加,试样呈现气孔率下降和抗折强度升高的趋势。以烧结温度为1580℃,造孔剂含量20％;球磨时间为2．5h的条件下,可获得高显气孔率、抗折强度较高的舢203多孔陶瓷。     

高温气固分离SiC多孔陶瓷材料制备及性能研究

本文利用等静压成型高温气固分离碳化硅多孔陶瓷支撑体,研究了碳化硅含量、造孔剂含量、成型压力及烧成温度对碳化硅多孔陶瓷支撑体孔隙率及抗折强度的影响。通过研究发现,碳化硅含量在88wt%、成型压力为40 MPa、烧成温度为1330℃时,制备的碳化硅支撑体性能较为理想,可用于工业化生产。     

氧化铝纤维对多孔陶瓷载体性能的影响

通过添加适量的塑性剂和造孔剂,采用挤压成型的方式制成了氧化铝纤维增强多孔陶瓷.探讨了不同烧结温度和不同纤维含量对于多孔陶瓷性能的影响.随着烧结温度的提高和纤维含量的增加,样品的线收缩率不断减小,而气孔率和抗折强度先增加后减小.在900℃烧结后,纤维含量4％时,材料最大抗折强度最高并达到4.19Mpa,比基体材料提高了35％.氧化铝纤维的加入有效地解决了多孔陶瓷开裂的问题.     

Al_2O_3多孔陶瓷的制备及性能

以煅烧α-Al_2O_3微粉为原料、粘土为高温烧成粘结剂、羧甲基纤维素为成型粘结剂,采用模压成型法制备了氧化铝多孔陶瓷,运用TG-DSC、SEM、XRD等手段研究了烧成温度、粘土含量对氧化铝多孔陶瓷微观形貌、物相结构、线收缩率、气孔率及力学性能的影响。结果表明:在烧结温度为1400℃时,氧化铝多孔陶瓷出现液相烧结,1500℃时液相烧结随粘土含量的增加更加明显;粘土在高温下促进了氧化铝多孔陶瓷的致密化使得线收缩率增大、气孔率降低、抗折强度提高。烧成氧化铝多孔陶瓷的主晶相为α-Al_2O_3,并有少量的莫来石相,莫来石由粘土在高温下转变得到。1400℃烧成的氧化铝多孔陶瓷综合性能优异,其气孔率介于28.6%~33.7%之间,抗折强度介于37.0~64.0 MPa之间。     

岩棉纤维制备气固分离陶瓷材料的性能

以岩棉纤维和淀粉为主要原料,水玻璃为粘结剂,CMC为塑性剂,采用压制成型的方法制备了气固分离陶瓷材料。实验探讨了淀粉含量和烧制温度对材料抗折强度、过滤阻力和气孔率等性能的影响,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)对多孔陶瓷的显微结构进行表征。实验结果表明:当淀粉含量为25%、烧制温度为800℃时,材料抗折强度达7.8 MPa,过滤阻力为172 Pa,显气孔率达72%,脉冲反吹180次后过滤阻力为218 Pa,且后续反吹不再显著上升。     

重结晶SiC陶瓷支撑体的制备及性能

为制备高透气性SiC陶瓷支撑体,以d_(50)=100μm的SiC细粉和d_(50)=2. 5μm的SiC微粉为主要原料,添加聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯为造孔剂,采用机压成型在2 300℃下(Ar保护)烧结2 h制备了重结晶SiC陶瓷试样。研究了SiC微粉含量(质量分数分别为30%、40%、50%、60%、70%和100%)和造孔剂含量(质量分数分别为0、3%、6%)对试样显气孔率、透气度、抗折强度等性能的影响,分析了试样的物相组成和显微结构。结果表明:随着Si C微粉含量的增加,试样的显气孔率不断增加,透气度先增加后减小。造孔剂的加入会导致试样抗折强度衰减严重。当SiC微粉含量(w)为60%且不添加造孔剂时,试样的透气度为40. 23×10~(-12)m~2,显气孔率为34. 5%,常温抗折强度为35. 8 MPa,高温抗折强度为41. 7 MPa。该多孔陶瓷具有连通的孔结构,平均孔径为19. 3μm,孔径分布较窄,适合用作陶瓷支撑体。     

Recycling of waste red mud for fabrication of SiC/mullite composite porous ceramics

SiC/mullite composite porous ceramics were fabricated from recycled solid red mud (RM) waste. The porous ceramics were formed using a graphite pore forming agent, RM, Al(OH)₃ and SiC in the presence of catalysts. The influence of firing temperature and the pore-forming agent content on the mechanical performance, porosity and the microstructure of the porous SiC ceramics were investigated. Optimal preparation condition were determined by some testing. The results indicated that the flexural strength of specimens increased as a function of firing temperature and a reduction in graphite content, which concomitantly decreased porosity. The ceramic prepared under optimal conditions having 15?wt% graphite and sintered at 1350?°C, demonstrated excellent performance. Under optimal preparation conditions the flexural strength and porosity of the ceramic were 49.4?MPa and 31.4%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy observation result showed that rod-shape mullite grains endowed the samples with high flexural strength and porosity. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the main crystallization phases of the porous ceramics were 6H-SiC, mullite, cristobalite and alumina. This work demonstrates that RM can be sucessfully reused as a new raw material for SiC/mullite composite porous ceramics.     

正交设计优化粉煤灰-煤矸石质多孔陶粒的制备过程

以粉煤灰为主要原料,采用添加造孔剂法制备出了多孔陶粒。为了优化工艺参数,得到性能较好的粉煤灰多孔陶粒,通过正交试验设计,系统地研究了煤矸石的掺量、成孔剂、烧结温度对多孔陶粒的物理化学性能的影响,如气孔率、吸水率、抗压碎强度、物相组成和显微形貌等。研究结果表明,成孔剂是影响多孔陶粒性能的最主要因素。当煤矸石掺量20%、成孔剂15%,经1160℃烧成的多孔陶粒样品有着较大的抗压碎强度,显气孔率也达到58.22%。样品的晶相组成为钙长石,及少量的方石英和赤铁矿。其内部孔隙丰富,大孔与小孔交错分布,是一种兼具较高气孔率和较强力学强度的优质多孔陶瓷。     

The preparation and characterization of porous alumina ceramics using an eco-friendly pore-forming agent

This work presents the preparation of porous alumina ceramics through the sacrificial phase method, using an eco-friendly material, namely waste coffee grounds, as a pore-forming agent. The effects of coffee grounds content in the green ceramic bodies on the linear and volumetric shrinkage, as well as the total and open porosity of the sintered product, were evaluated. The influence of the resulting porosity on mechanical properties of the prepared porous alumina was determined using Brazilian disk compression test for the determination of the indirect tensile strength of the prepared samples. Microstructure and pores morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Porosities in the range 35-54 vol% were achieved, by varying the coffee grounds content from 0 to 50 wt% in the green bodies. The indirect tensile strength of the final obtained porous alumina ceramic decreased accordingly from 57.4 MPa to 17.7 MPa.     

Preparing ceramic membranes for oil-in-water emulsions separation with oil-based drilling cutting pyrolysis residues (ODPRs) as raw material

Oil-based drilling cutting pyrolysis residues (ODPRs) are one of the solid wastes from pyrolysis of the oil-based drilling cuttings (OBDCs) that need to be recycled as raw materials to avoid the possible pollution. In this study, a facile low-cost ceramic membrane for oil-in-water emulsions separation was prepared with ODPRs incorporating with fly ash as raw material. CaCO₃ in ODPRs would decompose acting as pore-forming agent, and anorthite was formed in resultant membranes. The obtained membrane with 30 wt% ODPRs and 70 wt% fly ash fired at 1050 °C possessed apparent porosity of 38.2%, mean pore size of 0.4 μm, flexural strength of 13.1 MPa, and Darcy permeability of 1.06 × 10⁻¹³ m². Consequently, commendable filtration performance for oil-in-water emulsions was presented. In addition, the ceramic membrane showed favorable recyclability and corrosion resistance. Leaching test indicated that the membrane is safe for oil-in-water emulsion separation. Hereby, this paper confirmed the availability of ODPRs for preparing ceramic filtration membranes, and provided a new environmental conservation way to treat oil-in-water emulsions that was consistent with the sustainable development goals.     

硅藻土基多孔陶瓷的制备

以硅藻土为主要原料,加入天然有机细粉为造孔剂,水玻璃为高温粘合剂,轻质碳酸钙和轻质碳酸镁为添加剂,经半干压成型,常规烧成,制备出了性能优良的硅藻土多孔陶瓷。随着造孔剂的加入量和烧成制度的改变,制品的气孔率、体积密度和抗压强度等性能也随着改变。     

Preparation and characterization of porous ceramics from nickel smelting slag and metakaolin

Porous ceramics with high porosity and low bulk density were prepared by using nickel slag and metakaolin as the primary raw materials, glass powder as flux, and SiC as the foaming agent. The content of nickel slag and foaming agent had a significant effect on the bulk density, porosity, and flexural strength of the porous ceramics. The porous ceramics with the best properties were obtained at 1100 °C for 30 min with 50 wt% nickel slag, 40 wt% metakaolin, 10 wt% waste glass, and 0.8 wt% SiC. It had a low bulk density (as low as 245 kg/m³), high flexural strength and compressive strength (0.6 MPa and 1.17 MPa, respectively), and high porosity (about 89.8%). The nickel slag was magnetically separated as well. The density of nickel slag powder could be reduced via magnetic separation, and there was no significant change in the crystal structure of the raw material. Compared with porous ceramics prepared using nickel slag without magnetic separation, ceramics subjected to magnetic separation had lower bulk density, higher porosity, and the same phase composition. This study can be used as an indicator for the application of nickel slag in porous ceramics, which is of great significance in providing a great substitute nickel slag towards recovery and utilization.     

硅酸铝陶瓷纤维过滤管的制备与表征

本文研究制备陶瓷纤维过滤管所用硅酸铝纤维、硅溶胶和水之间的最佳配比及最佳成型工艺参数。并对陶瓷纤维过滤管的气孔率、孔径以及抗弯强度进行测试,运用SEM对试样进行微观分析。研究确定的最佳配比是硅溶胶含量为68wt%,硅酸铝纤维含量为12wt%,水含量为20wt%,真空抽滤成型时最佳抽滤压力为0.08MPa,最佳抽滤时间为5min。     

Correlations among processing parameters and porosity of a lightweight alumina

In this study, lightweight alumina was fabricated using α-Al₂O₃ micropowder as the raw material and corn starch as a pore-forming agent. Orthogonal experiments were designed to investigate the effect of particle size, pore-forming agent addition, and sintering temperature on the density and porosity of the lightweight alumina. The experimental results were analysed using a one-way analysis of variance and non-linear fitting, and the correlation between each processing parameter and property was discussed. The results indicate that the bulk density and total porosity of lightweight alumina are mainly affected by the pore-forming agent addition, while the sintering temperature is the main contributor to the apparent and closed porosity of the samples. Based on the Brook theory, dynamics analysis was performed on various samples. The difference in physical properties of various samples arose from differences in the relationship between grain boundaries and pore migration velocity. By adjusting the processing parameters, lightweight alumina with low bulk density, low apparent porosity, and high closed porosity could be obtained.     

Effect of alumina fiber content on pore structure and properties of porous ceramics

Porous Al₂O₃ ceramics with different contents of alumina fibers were prepared by gel-casting process. The effects of Al₂O₃ fiber content on pore size distribution, porosity, compressive strength, and load-displacement behavior of the ceramic materials were investigated. Initial results showed that with the increase of Al₂O₃ fiber content, the pore size and porosity of the material is increased, and the compressive strength is decreased. However, upon increasing the fiber content from 50 wt% to 67 wt%, the performance of the samples changed greatly. The compressive strength of the material increased, while the porosity remained unchanged, the pore size increased greatly, and the shape of the load displacement curve changed. It showed that when the fiber content increased from 50 wt% to 67 wt%, the loading body in the fiber-reinforced porous ceramics changed from particles to fibers.