A matrix pencil approach to the local stability analysis of non‐linear circuits

This paper addresses local stability issues in non‐linear circuits via matrix pencil theory. The limitations of the state–space approach in circuit modelling have led to semistate formulations, currently framed within the context of differential‐algebraic equations (DAEs). Stability results for these DAE models can be stated in terms of matrix pencils, avoiding the need for state–space reductions which are not advisable in actual circuit simulation problems. The stability results here presented are applied to electrical circuits containing non‐linear devices such as Josephson junctions or MOS transistors. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Novel dual auxiliary circuits for ZVT-PWM converters

Novel active auxiliary circuits that allow the power switch in single-switch, pulse-width-modulated (PWM) converters to operate with zero-voltage switching (ZVS) are proposed in this paper. The main feature of these circuits is that the auxiliary switch can operate with a zero-current switching turn-on and turn-off without increasing the peak current stresses of the main switch. In this paper, the operation of active auxiliary circuits in general is reviewed, and a systematic method for synthesizing auxiliary circuits belonging to the new family is presented and demonstrated with several examples. Several new auxiliary circuits are presented, and the operation of one of the new circuits is briefly explained. A general set of guidelines for the design of auxiliary circuits belonging to the new family is presented. The feasibility of the new family of circuits is confirmed by experimental results obtained from a 500W, 100 kHz zero-voltage-transition (ZVT)?PWM boost converter prototype implemented with an example auxiliary circuit.     

Josephson结电路系统的混沌控制

本文在考虑隧道效应的前提下,分析了含Josephson结电路系统的复杂非线性动力学,建立了系统的非线性动力学方程。根据系统的相图、分叉图及Lyapunov指数图分析了系统由周期运动进入混沌运动的过程。利用外加耦合控制器和利用非线性状态反馈反馈法两种方法实NT系统混沌运动的周期控制,得到了受控系统的周期运动相图及混沌控制控制参数变化时的分叉图。并讨论了这两种控制方法的特点。     

Steady-state response of non-linear circuits: A frequency-domain relaxation method

We propose here an efficient algorithm for finding the steady-state response of stiff non-linear circuits. It is based on a frequency-domain relaxation method and can be applied efficiently to obtain the steady-state waveforms of both periodic systems and multi-frequency-component systems. the solution at each iteration is obtained by solving an associated linear time-invariant circuit at every frequency component via modified nodal analysis. Our algorithm is very simple and can be applied efficiently to solve a large class of practical non-linear communication circuits which are notoriously stiff and hence rather time-consuming to solve with existing methods.     

Analysis of non-linear dynamical circuits and systems under the influence of thermal noise

In some electronic systems, such as cryoelectronic circuits, random noise has to be taken into consideration for modelling and simulation. After theoretical considerations an algorithm for the simulation of non-linear circuits with random noise is developed. Methods for global analysis of non-linear dynamical systems, such as Lyapunov exponents and the Poincaré map, are applied to systems with noise. the developed algorithms are applied to the cryoelectronic circuit of the ideal DC-SQUID model. Several non-linear effects which occur through noise are explained.     

DYNAMIC MODELS FOR THE TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF INDUCTION MACHINES WITH ASYMMETRICAL WINDING CONNECTIONS

ABSTRACT

Dynamic analytical models have been developed for the transient analysis of induction machines with asymmetrical winding connections using the instantaneous symmetrical components (i.s.c.) and the associated operational equivalent circuits. The i.s.c. theory has been shown to be a very powerful tool for developing models for both symmetrical and any type of asymmetrical winding connections. Different practical situations have been considered and the model equations developed for analysis. It is shown that these models are very convenient for direct digital simulation. The equations are dervied in terms of the measurable resistance and reactance parameters of the equivalent circuit.     

Electronic model of a Ferroelectric Field Effect transistor

Abstract

A pair of electronic models has been developed of a Ferroelectric Field Effect transistor. These models can be used in standard electrical circuit simulation programs to simulate the main characteristics of the FFET. The models use the Schmitt trigger circuit as a basis for their design. One model uses bipolar junction transistors and one uses MOSFET's. Each model has the main characteristics of the FFET, which are the current hysterisis with different gate voltages and decay of the drain current when the gate voltage is off. The drain current from each model has similar values to an actual FFET that was measured experimentally. The input and output resistance in the models are also similar to that of the FFET. The models are valid for all frequencies below RF levels. Each model can be used to design circuits using FFET's with standard electrical simulation packages. These circuits can be used in designing non-volatile memory circuits and logic circuits and are compatible with all SPICE based circuit analysis programs. The models consist of only standard electrical components, such as BJT's, MOSFET's, diodes, resistors, and capacitors. Each model is compared to the experimental data measured from an actual FFET.     

基于DES理论的数模混合电路故障诊断研究

数模混合电路故障诊断是一个被广泛关注的前沿课题,它面临着许多测试上的难点,解决这个问题意义重大而任务艰巨.由于数模混合电路具备DES的特点,本文采用近来发展的DES理论对数模混合电路进行可测性分析,该法可用一定的算法在计算机上实现;最后对DES理论在电路测试中的应用进行了实例验证.实验表明:该方法可以有效地进行数模混合电路故障诊断.     

On the Use of Interactive Computer Graphics for Teaching Selected Topics from Nonlinear Electronic Circuits

Four packages of computer-graphics software developed specifically for teaching certain topics from nonlinear electronic circuits are described; namely, a package called ICAP for studying the signal processing properties of nonlinear circuits, a package called MECA for determining the driving-point- and transfer-characteristic plots of a large class of nonlinear electronic circuits, a package called GAMA for simulating the circuit models of three-terminal electronic devices, and a package called CAPPA for carrying out a phase plane analysis of second-order autonomous nonlinear systems. Several examples are presented to illustrate the application of each of these four computer graphics software packages.     

Circuit models for symmetric systems of linear equations

Electric circuit models are constructed for general symmetric systems of linear algebraic equations. The modelling procedure is based on the node‐voltage analysis of linear circuits under steady‐state conditions. These electric circuit models can, in principle, be physically realized and used for the solution of the systems of equations by simply measuring the electric voltage at the circuit nodes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the responses of strip-line interconnects with discontinuities excited by external fields

An algorithm is developed to evaluate the responses of discontinuous coplanar strip-lines excited by external electromagnetic fields. The algorithm uses the cascade chain matrix method which employs the distributed circuit parameters to model the external field coupling to the line and it is applicable to most commonly encountered discontinuities in microwave integrated circuit interconnects on lossy substrates. A general CAD program is developed based on this model and it is applied to realistic coplanar strip-line interconnections with geometric and resistive discontinuities to illustrate the capabilities of the algorithm. These interconnect models are selected from a practical microwave integrated circuit design. Simplicity and fast speed of the algorithm enable computer-aided analysis of externally induced electromagnetic noise in integrated circuits to be carried out. The effects of dielectric losses in the integrated circuit substrates and the discontinuities in the conducting tracks on the wave coupling are investigated in isolation.     

TLM models of waves in moving media: refinements and dispersion analysis

Two recent papers about transmission line matrix (TLM) models of waves in moving media used notional diodes to achieve the appropriate direction‐dependent wave speeds. Despite the algorithm's demonstrated success, the operation of the diodes might be criticized for being non‐physical from a circuit theory perspective. Alternative circuit models are here developed that avoid this objection, being based on wave two‐ports and standard circuit theory components. Their operation obeys the same numerical algorithm derived using the diodes, thereby confirming the validity of the original computational scheme. Furthermore these circuits lead more easily to the direction‐dependent wave speed expressions and provide exact analytic results for dispersion and attenuation effects, which are here presented and discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On stochastic modelling of linear circuits

In this paper, the deterministic modelling of linear circuits is replaced by stochastic modelling by including variance in the parameters (resistance, inductance and capacitance). Our method is based on results from the theory of stochastic differential equations. This method is general in the following sense. Any electrical circuit that consists of resistances, inductances and capacitances can be modelled by ordinary differential equations, in which the parameters of the differential operators are the functions of circuit elements. The deterministic ordinary differential equation can be converted into a stochastic differential equation by adding noise to the input potential source and to the circuit elements. The noise added in the potential source is assumed to be a white noise and that added in the parameters is assumed to be a correlated process because these parameters change very slowly with time and hence must be modelled as a correlated process. In this paper, we model a series RLC circuit by using the proposed method. The stochastic differential equation that describes the concentration of charge in the capacitor of a series RLC circuit is solved. Numerical simulations in MATLAB are obtained using the Euler–Maruyama method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微弱信号的调理电路设计和噪声分析

一些传感器输出电压信号范围在十几μV到几百μV,工作人员经常需要测量这种微弱并且夹杂噪声的传感器信号.针对此问题阐述了微弱信号调理电路设计,指出了电路的基本结构和各部分的元件选择,详细讨论了弱电压和弱电流信号的放大电路的基本结构,指出了运放和A/D采样器的选取标准.分析了各个部分的噪声,给出了红外传感器信号检测的实验结果.由红外传感器微弱信号检测的实验结果表明,该电路设计方案是可靠实用的,它为测量各类微弱并且夹杂噪声的传感器信号提供了新的方法和思路.     

Josephson

The physical mechanism of superconductivity and the physical parameters of superconductors are briefly described. The limitations of digital semiconductors are identified. The operation of the Josephson junction is explained, and its use as a memory device is examined. Power requirements and packaging of Josephson devices are discussed     

兼顾电感电流连续导通和断续运行模式的DC/DC电路建模和参数辨识

电力电子电路作为开关型功率变换器，其离散事件与连续时间动态特性相互作用，使其呈现混杂系统的动态特征。给出电力电子电路基于混杂系统的统一模型，并在此模型的基础上提出一种能应用于故障诊断的参数辨识法。建立Buck、Boost、Buck-Boost、Cuk、反激式直流变换、正激式直流变换等6种 DC/DC电路的混杂系统模型，并且上述模型兼顾了电感电流运行在连续导通模式（CCM）和断续导通模式（DCM）。基于上述模型，以Buck电路为例，给出应用最小二乘算法对该模型的参数进行辨识的方法。通过 Buck电路的滤波电感、滤波电容和电容 ESR的辨识实验验证了这一方法的有效性。     

大功率晶体管的驱动电路

本文介绍了为异步电动机 PWM 变频调速系统而研制的 GTR 基极驱动电路。介绍了 GTR 的主要开关特性,讨论了功率晶体管对基极驱动电路的理想化要求,提出了具有自动保护和自动调节功能的改进型基极驱动电路,分析了新型驱动电路的工作原理。     

Compressive image acquisition in modern CMOS IC design

Compressive sampling (CS) offers bandwidth, power, and memory size reduction compared to conventional (Nyquist) sampling. These are very attractive features for the design of modern complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors, cameras, and camera systems. However, very few integrated circuit (IC) designs based on CS exist because of the missing link between the well‐established CS theory on one side, and the practical aspects/effects related to physical IC design on the other side. This paper focuses on the application of compressed image acquisition in CMOS image sensor integrated circuit design. A new CS scheme is proposed, which is suited for hardware implementation in CMOS IC design. All the main physical non‐idealities are explained and carefully modeled. Their influences on the acquired image quality are analyzed in the general case and quantified for the case of the proposed CS scheme. The presented methodology can also be used for different CS schemes and as a general guideline in future CS based CMOS image sensor designs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chua's circuit 10 years later

More than 200 papers, two special issues (Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers, Vol.3, Nos. 1 and 2, 1993; IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, Vol. 40 No 10, 1993), an international workshop on ‘Chua's Circuit: Chaotic Phenomena and Applications’ at NOLTA ‘93, and a book (R. N. Madan (ed.), Chua's Circuit: A Paradigm for Chaos, World Scientific, Singapore, 1993) on Chua's circuit have been published since its inception a decade ago. This review paper attempts to present an overview of these timely publications, almost all within the last six months, and to identify four milestones of this very active research area. An important milestone is the recent fabrication of a monolithic Chua circuit. the robustness of this IC chip demonstrates that an array of Chua circuits can also be fabricated into a monolithic chip, thereby opening the floodgate to many unconventional applications in information technology, synergetics and even music. The second milestone is the recent global unfolding of Chua's circuit obtained by adding a linear resistor in series with the inductor to obtain a canonical Chua circuit—now generally referred to as Chua's oscillator. This circuit is most significant because it is structurally the simplest (it contains only six circuit elements) but dynamically the most complex among all non-linear circuits and systems described by a 21-parameter family of continuous odd-symmetric piecewise-linear vector fields. The third milestone is the recent discovery of several important new phenomena in Chua's circuits, e.g. stochastic resonance, chaos-chaos-type intermittency, 1/f noise spectrum, etc. These new phenomena could have far-reaching theoretical and practical significance. The fourth milestone is the theoretical and experimental demonstration that Chua's circuit can be easily controlled from a chaotic regime to a prescribed periodic or constant orbit, or it can be synchronized with two or more identical Chua circuits operating in an oscillatory or chaotic regime. These recent breakthroughs have ushered in a new era where chaos is deliberately created and exploited for unconventional applications e.g. secure communication.     

Mathematical model for calculation of the heat-hydraulic modes of heating points of heat-supplying systems

The mathematical model and calculation method of the thermal-hydraulic modes of heat points, based on the theory of hydraulic circuits, being developed at the Melentiev Energy Systems Institute are presented. The redundant circuit of the heat point was developed, in which all possible connecting circuits (CC) of the heat engineering equipment and the places of possible installation of control valve were inserted. It allows simulating the operating modes both at central heat points (CHP) and individual heat points (IHP). The configuration of the desired circuit is carried out automatically by removing the unnecessary links. The following circuits connecting the heating systems (HS) are considered: the dependent circuit (direct and through mixing elevator) and independent one (through the heater). The following connecting circuits of the load of hot water supply (HWS) were considered: open CC (direct water pumping from pipelines of heat networks) and a closed CC with connecting the HWS heaters on single-level (serial and parallel) and two-level (sequential and combined) circuits. The following connecting circuits of the ventilation systems (VS) were also considered: dependent circuit and independent one through a common heat exchanger with HS load. In the heat points, water temperature regulators for the hot water supply and ventilation and flow regulators for the heating system, as well as to the inlet as a whole, are possible. According to the accepted decomposition, the model of the heat point is an integral part of the overall heat-hydraulic model of the heat-supplying system having intermediate control stages (CHP and IHP), which allows to consider the operating modes of the heat networks of different levels connected with each other through CHP as well as connected through IHP of consumers with various connecting circuits of local systems of heat consumption: heating, ventilation and hot water supply. The model is implemented in the Angara data-processing complex. An example of the multilevel calculation of the heat-hydraulic modes of main heat networks and those connected to them through central heat point distribution networks in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii is examined.