Breadfruit consumption,cooking methods and cultivar preference among consumers in Trinidad,West Indies

This study investigated consumer attitudes, consumption characteristics, the most common cooking methods and cultivar preference for breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg) in Trinidad, West Indies. Between August and September, 2002, surveys were conducted among 196 breadfruit purchasers, 94 vendors and 32 food service operators. Most purchasers (93.4%) ate breadfruit and liked it 87.4%. The quantity consumed/meal increased significantly (P<0.01) with the frequency of consumption. Most consumers ate breadfruit at lunch (P<0.001) and with fish (P<0.001) as a complement. The main cooking methods were “oil down”, steaming and boiling. Of the two local cultivars, `Yellow' and `White', consumers (83.1%) preferred the taste of `Yellow'. `Yellow' was preferred (P<0.001) for the most common cooking methods and `White' was preferred (P<0.05) for frying. Consumers (83.2%) preferred to eat breadfruit at the mature stage. The vendors and food service operators were aware of these preferences for cultivar, cooking methods and stage of fruit maturity.     

Standardized inspections of food premises during the 2004 Athens Olympic Games: descriptive analysis and risk factors for unsatisfactory results

Standardized inspections of food premises are part of environmental health systems implemented worldwide. The food safety strategy for the 2004 Olympic Games included standardized inspections to ensure uniformity and consistency of procedures and effective electronic management of data. Inspections were carried out by 196 inspectors in the five Olympic cities: Athens, Thessalonica, Volos, Iraklio, and Patra. From January 2003 to September 2004, a total of 1,249 food premises were inspected. An unsatisfactory inspection result (C grade) was received by 347 (27.8%) food premises, a relatively satisfactory result (B grade) was received by 332 (26.6%), and a satisfactory result (A grade) was received by 570 (45.6%). About 16% of inspected premises did not hold a valid permit. Unsatisfactory inspection results were more frequent for premises located in the two largest Greek cities in comparison with the other smaller cities (relative risk = 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36 to 2.80). Based on logistic regression analysis, unsatisfactory inspection results were positively associated with food premises that were not located on a ground floor (odds ratio [OR] = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.39 to 4.73) and negatively associated with application of hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) principles (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.71). Food hygiene education through formal training programs should be encouraged to improve compliance of food premises. Food premises located on hotel floors and serving buffet meals are at higher risk for unsatisfactory conditions. Businesses that implemented a HACCP system within their operations to ensure food safety operated under more hygienic conditions. Future inspections by Public Health Authorities should involve elements of audit after the legislation for the application of HACCP principles.     

The Role of Auditing,Food Safety,and Food Quality Standards in the Food Industry: A Review

Food safety and quality audits are used widely in the food industry for various reasons (to evaluate management systems, obtain certifications to certain food safety and quality standards, assess the condition of premises and products, confirm legal compliance, and so on). Nowadays, the increased interest of consumers on food safety and quality matters, triggered mainly by recent food scandals, has enabled the public and private food sectors to develop a variety of food safety and quality standards. These standards have both advantages and disadvantages and their effectiveness depends on several factors such as the competency and skills of auditors and the standard used in each case. Although the industry continuously invests in developing and improving these systems, the number of foodborne outbreaks per year appears to be quite stable in both Europe and the United States. This may be an indication that additional measures and techniques or a different approach would be required to further improve the effectiveness of the food safety and quality management systems. This article examines the role of audits and food safety and quality assessment systems in the food industry, presenting the results of several studies and briefly describing the main food safety and quality standards currently used in Europe (with particular emphasis on the United Kingdom and Greece), the U.S., Australia–New Zealand, and Asia.     

Producing compliant business behaviour: disclosure of food inspection results in Denmark and Germany

Public disclosure of food inspection results (??name-and-shame??) is increasingly used to promote compliance with food regulations. Name-and-shame measures tackle the problem of market failure by increasing transparency, strengthening the sovereignty of consumers and enabling them to make informed choices. Consumers prefer to buy from compliant food businesses. If information on compliance is successfully conveyed to consumers, non-compliant businesses will face a competitive disadvantage. They will be sanctioned not only by the state but also by a loss of market share. Additionally, social sanctioning from ??relevant others??, such as friends and regular customers, may be linked with market sanctions. Both economic and social sanctions further the motivation to comply. Name-and-shame measures are thereby expected to effectively increase compliance with food regulations while keeping costs low for tax payers. Regulatory strategies which are both effective and cost-efficient are said to be ??smart??. A prerequisite of smart regulatory approaches is that they are legally viable within a nation??s legal and constitutional environment. Against this background, and with a view to the current political discussions regarding the introduction of a public disclosure system in Germany, we carry out a comparative analysis of the well-established Danish smiley scheme and three pilot projects in Germany. Aiming at identifying the potential for improvement, we address the institutional design of these systems as well as their effectiveness and costs.     

Survey of Salmonella contamination of raw shell eggs used in food service premises in the United Kingdom, 2005 through 2006

This survey was launched after an unusual number of Salmonella Enteritidis outbreaks associated with the use of eggs in food service premises in England and Wales. Between November 2005 and December 2006, 9,528 eggs (1,588 pooled samples of 6 eggs) were collected from 1,567 food service premises in the United Kingdom, most of which (89%) were produced in the United Kingdom. Salmonella was isolated from 6 (0.38%) pools of eggs. Of these, 5 (0.31%) were Salmonella Enteritidis, which were further characterized to phage types (PTs): PT 4 (0.19%), PT 8 (0.06%), and PT 12 (0.06%). Salmonella Mbandaka was also isolated (0.06%). Salmonella was detected from five and one of pooled eggs samples that were produced in the United Kingdom and Germany, respectively; these were from different producers. The study showed evidence of poor egg storage and handling practices in food service premises, in that 55% did not store eggs under refrigerated conditions; 20.7% of eggs had expired "best before" dates or were in use after 3 weeks of lay, indicating poor stock rotation; and 37.1% pooled eggs not intended for immediate service. Eggs are a commonly consumed food that may occasionally be contaminated with Salmonella at different rates, according to their country of origin. The food service sector needs to be aware of this continuing hazard, receive appropriate food safety and hygiene training on storage and usage of raw shell eggs, adopt appropriate control measures, and follow advice provided by national food agencies in order to reduce the risk of infection.     

Microbiological quality of open ready-to-eat salad vegetables: effectiveness of food hygiene training of management

During September and October 2001, a microbiological study of open, ready-to-eat, prepared salad vegetables from catering or retail premises was undertaken to determine their microbiological quality. The study focused on those salad vegetables that were unwrapped and handled either by staff or customers in the premises where the sample was taken. Examination of salad vegetables from food service areas and customer self-service bars revealed that most (97%; 2,862 of 2,950) were of satisfactory or acceptable microbiological quality, 3% (87) were of unsatisfactory microbiological quality because of Escherichia coli levels in the range of 10(2) to 10(5) colony-forming units per gram. One (<1%) sample was of unacceptable microbiological quality because of the presence of Listeria monocytogenes at 840 colony-forming units per gram. The pathogens E. coli O157, Campylobacter spp., and salmonellas were not detected in any of the samples examined. The display area for most food service and preparation areas (95%) and self-service salad bars (98%) that were visited was judged to be visibly clean by the sampling officer. Most self-service bars (87%) were regularly supervised or inspected by staff during opening hours, and designated serving utensils were used in most salad bars (92%) but in only a minority of food service areas (35%). A hazard analysis system was in place in most (80%) premises, and in 61%, it was documented. Most (90%) managers had received food hygiene training. A direct relationship was shown between increased confidence in the food business management and the presence of food safety procedures and the training of management in food hygiene.     

高光谱成像在食品质量评估方面的研究进展与应用（二）

为了保证食品质量与安全,满足消费者需要,需要在食品生产、加工过程中对食品品质和安全信息进行实时检测。高光谱成像技术作为一种无损检测方法,能够实现食品品质和安全信息的快速、高效、准确检测。作为本综述的第二部分,本文主要介绍高光谱成像技术在水果与蔬菜的品质检验方面的应用,同时对其在奶制品、谷类、蘑菇等方面的研究成果也进行介绍,最后叙述高光谱成像技术的应用前景及目前的局限性。     

Survey of domestic food handling practices in New Zealand

The purpose of this survey was to obtain information on the domestic meat and poultry handling practices of New Zealanders in order to support the development of quantitative risk models, as well as providing data to underpin food safety campaigns to consumers. A sample of 1000 New Zealand residents, over 18 years of age, were randomly selected from the electoral roll and asked to participate in a national postal food safety study during 2005. Three hundred and twenty six respondents completed and returned questionnaires containing usable answers, and most of these respondents 'always' prepared the main meal within the household. The majority of meat (84.6%) and poultry (62.9%) purchased by New Zealanders was fresh (rather than frozen), and most consumers (94.4%) claimed that the time taken from food selection to reaching their home was 1 h or less. The majority (approximately 64%) of fresh meat and poultry was frozen in the home and the most favoured method of thawing was at room temperature for up to 12 h. The most common time period for storing cooked or raw meat and poultry in domestic refrigerators was up to 2 days. Most survey respondents preferred their meat and poultry to be cooked either medium or well done. The most popular cooking method for chicken was roasting or baking, while most respondents preferred to pan-fry steak/beef cuts, minced beef or sausages/hamburgers. The potential for undercooking was greatest with pan-fried steak with 19.8% of respondents preferring to consume this meat raw or rare. In answer to questions relating to food handling hygiene practices, 52.2% of respondents selected a hand washing sequence that would help prevent cross contamination. However, it was estimated that 41% and 28% of respondents would use knives and kitchen surfaces respectively in a manner that could allow cross contamination. The data in this survey are self-reported and, particularly for the hygiene questions, respondents may report an answer that they perceive as being correct rather than reflecting their actual behaviour. Nevertheless, the data on food processing, transport, storage and cooking preferences represent useful inputs into the assessment of food safety along the meat and poultry food chains.     

Cross-cultural differences in lingual tactile acuity,taste sensitivity phenotypical markers,and preferred oral processing behaviors

Cultural and genetic differences in consumer populations across the world are important determinants for food preferences. The present study investigated differences in preferred oral processing behaviors between Chinese Asian and Danish Caucasian consumers and the possible relationship to lingual tactile acuity and the two most well-researched phenotypic markers of taste sensitivity, such as 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) responsiveness and Fungiform Papillae Density (FPD).A total of 152 consumers (75 Chinese, 77 Danish) were enrolled in the study and categorized by their preferred oral processing behaviors. Lingual tactile acuity was assessed according to responses to stimulation with von Frey filaments. The responsiveness to PROP and the FPD were also determined.Cross-population differences were found in preferred food oral processing behaviors in these two cohorts, as Chinese consumers were characterized by a larger number of ‘Soft processing likers’ (77% of the population) who preferred soft food processing in the mouth. Contrarily, Danish consumers mostly belonged to the ‘Firm processing likers’ group (73% of the population) who had preferences for foods that needed firm processing on biting and chewing. Moreover, the group of ‘Firm processing likers’ appeared to be more sensitive to touch at the apex of the tongue compared with the ‘Soft processing likers’ in both population cohorts. Cross-population differences in lingual tactile acuity were not significant. Differences in FPD and PROP responsiveness were found between these two population cohorts, with Chinese consumers generally characterized by greater FPD and PROP responsiveness compared with the Danish subjects.This study provides evidence on cross-cultural differences in preferred oral processing behaviors and in the two phenotypic marker of taste sensitivity. However, further studies are needed to draw conclusive relationships between preferred oral processing behavior and oral tactile acuity, PROP responsiveness and tongue anatomy.     

2019—2020年我国东中西部城市餐饮食品安全抽检情况分析

目的 了解我国东中西部地区餐饮食品安全状况,从而有针对性的对消费者、餐饮经营者和监管者提供建议.方法 对2019—2020年期间东中西部12个城市的食品安全监督抽检数据进行汇总整理,包括合格信息和不合格信息,从中筛选出涉及餐饮食品的抽检数据和不合格项目进行分析.结果 2019—2020年东部的餐饮食品合格率由99.33...     

基于《食品生产许可审查通则(2016版)》及审查细则谈乳制品生产许可现场核查及常见问题

为全面理解乳制品生产相关法令法规和标准,逐步统一审查员的审查尺度,提高企业对乳制品生产规范的认识,本文以《食品生产许可审查通则(2016版)》为框架,结合《企业生产乳制品许可条件审查细则(2010版)》,从6个部分(生产场所、设备设施、设备布局和工艺流程、人员管理、管理制度及试制产品检验合格报告)对食品生产许可现场核查的内容和方法进行细化,并对乳制品生产企业现场核查中缺陷条款进行统计分析,提出相应改进建议,以期审查员能够更好运用食品生产许可现场核查评分记录表,为乳制品生产许可审查工作提供参考。     

Motives for food choice: a comparison of consumers from Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia and New Zealand

With increasing emphasis on understanding consumer preferences in export markets, particularly in Asia, there is a need to determine those factors that influence food choice in other cultures. The Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ), which assess the relative importance of nine factors thought to be important motives in food choice: Health, Mood, Convenience, Sensory Appeal, Natural Content, Price, Weight Control, Familiarity, andEthical Concern, was administered to groups of female consumers in Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia, and New Zealand. The Food Neophobia Scale was also administered in New Zealand, Taiwan and Japan. There was agreement between Taiwanese and (ethnically Chinese) Malaysian consumers in the most important food choice factors: Health, Natural Content, Weight Control andConvenience. In contrast, Price was most important for Japanese consumers and Sensory Appeal for New Zealand consumers. Familiarity was rated as least important by all countries, and Ethical Concern was also considered unimportant by all countries except Japan, where it was rated as relatively important. Older consumers generally gave higher ratings. Differences between consumer groups were also shown in the degree of neophobia. These data are important in demonstrating differing motives for food choice cross-culturally, and also provide indications of which food claims may be useful in promoting choice in the countries studied.     

保健食品经营欺诈民事责任与救济途径探究

保健食品作为声称具有特定保健功能的一类食品,与人民群众的身体健康和生命安全息息相关。保健食品经营者的欺诈行为不仅损害了广大消费者的身心健康,也侵害了消费者的财产利益。本文探究了涉及保健食品经营欺诈行为的构成要件、实施经营欺诈行为的经营者可能承担的民事法律责任以及消费者对经营欺诈行为的民事救济途径。对保健食品经营欺诈行为的理解,有助于消费者在保健食品经营者实施欺诈行为时维护自身权益,探索依赖于监管部门进行行政处罚以外的民事救济手段,具有一定的现实意义。     

Food Safety Knowledge of Cheese Consumers

ABSTRACT:  The aim of this study was to evaluate habits and practices of cheese consumers toward their level of knowledge of food safety. A total of 1000 people were interviewed in several cities of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Five hundred thirty-eight (53.8%) people consume cheese daily, while 318 (31.8%) and 144 (14.4%) consume cheese weekly and monthly, respectively. Five hundred twenty-two (52%) people reported its usage as an ingredient used in the preparation of other dishes, while 320 (32%) of the interviewed people consume cheese directly as a part of the diet. Typical Brazilian cheeses such as "Minas Frescal" and "Prato" cheese are preferred by 528 (52.8%) of the consumers. Of the total consumers, 764 (76.4%) purchase cheese from supermarkets, while 236 (23.6%) from open-air markets. Inspected cheese is purchased by 350 (35%) consumers, while 650 (65%) buy it without knowing if they were submitted to previous fiscalization. Four hundred thirty (43%) consumers do not know any disease transmitted by cheese that has not been inspected. Overall, educational campaigns must be developed by the Sanitary Surveillance and the Health Agencies to improve the knowledge of the consumer about food safety of cheeses.     

我国茶叶产品质量安全现状分析

目的通过分析各类茶样检测数据,全面客观地反映我国茶叶产品质量安全现状,为今后政策制定、科学研究提供数据基础。方法依据我国茶叶质量安全标准,按照茶类、产地、检验项目,对我国各产区各类茶叶委托检验数据、国家监督抽查数据、专项监督抽检数据进行统计分析,得出我国茶叶产品质量安全总体状况。结果 2014年我国茶叶产品综合合格率为93%左右。结论我国茶叶产品质量安全水平处于基本稳定状态,但仍存在少数农药残留超标、稀土偏高、感官品质不符合要求、铅含量超标等主要质量问题。为了提高茶叶行业的质量安全水平,建议引导消费者树立理性的食品质量安全观,加大对企业监管,实施茶园病虫害综合防治。     

Comparisons of microbiological evaluations of selected kitchen areas with visual inspections for preventing potential risk of foodborne outbreaks in food service operations

Most local health departments utilize visual, but not microbiological, methods when inspecting food service operations. To evaluate the marginal utility of microbial testing for minimizing potential risks of foodborne outbreaks in restaurants, swab samples were taken from handwashing sink faucets, freshly cleaned and sanitized food-contact surfaces, and from cooler or freezer door handles in 70 of 350 category-three (high-risk) food service operations in Toledo, Ohio. The swabs were inoculated onto different selective media, and standard procedures were used to identify pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. Microbiological evaluations of the sampled food service operations were compared with visual inspection reports, using a numeric rating scale. Enteric bacteria (that may indicate fecal contamination) were found on food contact surfaces, on cooler or freezer door handles, and on handwashing sink faucets in 86, 57, and 53% of the food service operations, respectively. Approximately 27, 40, and 33% of the restaurants received visual ratings of very poor to poor, fair, and good to very good, respectively. In comparison, 10, 17, and 73% of the restaurants received microbiological rating scores of very poor to poor, fair, and good to very good, respectively. Restaurants with trained personnel received significantly higher visual rating scores than restaurants without trained personnel (P < 0.01). Although more restaurants received poor rating scores by visual inspection than by microbiological evaluation, the presence of fecal bacteria from different sites in more than 50% of the food service operations indicated that visual inspection alone might not be sufficient for minimizing potential risk for foodborne disease outbreaks. Therefore, we recommend periodic microbiological evaluation of high-risk food service operations, in addition to visual inspection, for minimizing the risk of foodborne disease outbreaks.     

ISO22000在速冻饺子生产中的应用

食品安全必须通过食品链中所有参与方的共同努力来保证,食品链中的组织包括:饲料生产者、初级生产者,以及食品生产制造者、运输和仓储经营者,零售分包商、餐饮服务与经营者(包括与其密切相关的其他组织,如设备、包装材料、清洁剂、添加剂和辅料的生产者),也包括相关服务提供者等。根据ISO22000标准的要求,逐层描述了速冻饺子的工艺流程,分析了速冻饺子在食品链中的关键控制点及要求,并进行了速冻饺子危害分析,提出相应的生产计划。可最终达到确保整个食品链中的组织进行有效的相互沟通,向最终消费者提供安全的食品的目的。     

现代冷链配送的进程

<正> 在发达及发展中国家,冷冻食品已经成为千家万户的生活必需品,消费估计高达4,000万吨/年,对于这类食品,配送系统和冷藏技术至关重要。 冷冻食品的质量与新鲜食品很接近,有时候甚至比新鲜食品更好。从感官和营养价值的观点来看,冷藏食     

基于大数据的食品安全社会共治模式探索与实践

通过分析我国食品安全的状况,研究食品安全社会共治模式大数据平台的需求、设计、开发与运行,探明 基于大数据的食品安全社会共治模式发展的路径。结合食品安全社会共治大数据的特点,进行食品安全社会共治大 数据平台的设计、开发与实践。在贵州食品安全社会共治大数据的实践中,创新性的开发了“食品安全云”平台 （www.fsnip.com）。面向政府、食品企业、检验检测机构、行业协会、媒体和消费者开发的食品安全社会共治大 数据平台,形成了集数据采集、分析、应用于一体的体系,促进了数据互联互通,提高了工作效率,降低了食品安 全治理的成本。借助食品安全社会共治大数据平台能够提高食品安全治理的效能。     

进口燕窝溯源系统的构建和应用

随着食品贸易全球化和供应链的复杂化,监管全球食品供应链无疑是一项艰巨挑战。目前,一种由政府监管部门参与监督、各食品企业参与配合的第三方溯源服务系统,已逐渐成为监管制度的有效补充。基于我国与马来西亚、印度尼西亚等燕窝原产国输华燕窝双边议定书的签订,以及境外燕窝加工企业卫生注册工作的开展,中国检验检疫科学研究院(Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine,CAIQ)开发了燕窝溯源管理服务平台,为获华注册的境外燕窝加工企业的输华燕窝提供溯源服务,输华燕窝的最小销售包装上均加贴CAIQ溯源标签,我国消费者可通过扫描溯源标签上的二维码或通过网站查询16位燕窝码,获得燕窝产品的燕屋、加工、出口、进口、经销各环节的全程追溯信息,为消费者识别和选购合法进口燕窝提供有效途径。CAIQ溯源系统是建立在进口注册和口岸检验检疫基础上的追溯系统,是搭载了质量信息的追溯系统。