煤粉锅炉旋流燃烧器空气动力场的数值模拟

旋流煤粉燃烧器的气流组织情况对锅炉的稳定燃烧与安全运行都具有重要的影响,文中通过建立物理和数学模型,针对某电厂采用的中心给粉型旋流煤粉燃烧器进行了数值模拟研究,通过调整一次、二次风速和风量大小,得到不同运行工况下的速度流场和速度矢量分布,经分析各计算结果,得出各参量对流场的影响规律。     

旋流煤粉燃烧器的气流组织与数值模拟

旋流煤粉燃烧器的气流组织情况对锅炉的稳定燃烧与安全运行都具有重要的影响,以CFD数值软件作为计算平台,通过建立物理和数学模型,针对某电厂采用的中心给粉型旋流煤粉燃烧器进行了数值模拟研究,通过调整一次、二次风速大小,得到不同运行工况下的速度流场和速度矢量分布,经分析各计算结果,得出各参量对流场的影响规律.     

双通道旋流式燃烧器出口冷态流场的数值模拟

针对带入口旋流器的双通道旋流式燃烧器，提出了一种数值分析模型和处理方法，并对该燃烧器出口冷态流场进行了数值模拟，通过模拟结果与试验数据的对比分析，表明本文建立的模型及处理方法是令人满意的，其为进一步对该型双通道旋流式燃烧器出口冷热态流场进行数值试验研究及性能预测分析奠定了基础。图9参7     

旋流燃烧器出口湍流流场的数值模拟

对旋流燃烧器出口的湍流流场进行了深入的数值模拟研究，经过对不同旋流强度的旋转射流的计算，比较了对目前应用较多的k-ε模型、重正化群(RNG)的k-ε模型及雷诺应力模型在实际求解中的优劣。在弱旋气相流动时，RNG k-ε模型可以满足工程上的精度需求。在强旋流动中，基于“有效粘性”的各个模型的计算结果和实验相差很远，只有采用雷诺应力模型才能得到较为满意的结果。图4表3参5     

轴向叶片式旋流煤粉燃烧器出口区域两相流场的数值模拟

采用ｋ－ε－ｋｐ两相湍流模型模拟了轴向叶片式旋流煤粉燃烧器出口区域的冷态两相流场,并将计算结果与ＰＤＰＡ的实验结果作了详细的比较。计算和实验结果都表明该燃烧器能产生较大的回流区,但回流区中大部分区域煤粉浓度较低。ｋ－ε－ｋｐ模型预报的两相速度场、湍流度和煤粉浓度场有的在定量上、也有的在定性上合理。因此ｋ－ε－ｋｐ模型可以满足工程上的需求     

煤粉浓淡旋流燃烧器空气动力学特性的数值模拟

将湍流重整化群ε方程与ＺｈａｎｇＪｉａｎ提出的新代数应力模型结合,用于模拟煤粉浓淡燃烧器喷口强旋转流场。通过对７个工况流场的计算,并与实验结果比较,得出燃烧器喷口流场随参数变化的规律,同时对流场特性作了分析。     

入口旋流数对煤粉低尘燃烧器流场的影响

以液排渣旋风燃烧过程为基础的煤粉低尘燃烧器可在燃烧过程实现捕渣,为工业加热提供低含尘浓度的高温火焰,是工业加热过程实现以煤代油的先进燃烧技术。根据旋流燃烧流动特点,采用能考虑非均向湍流应力的雷诺应力模型,对旋流煤粉低尘燃烧器内气流流动过程场进行数值模拟计算,计算结果与流场实验测试相吻合。研究表明,气流进入燃烧器时的旋转强度（旋流数）对燃烧器内的流动特性有很大影响,在冷态模型条件下,当旋流数在7以上时,环室回流在轴向贯穿燃烧器整个流场,有利于增加煤粉颗粒在燃烧室内的循环次数,提高灰渣捕获率;低于7时,环室回流出现阻断,不再连续,易造成煤粉颗粒直接逸出,对燃烧及灰渣捕获不利。随旋流数增加,燃烧器出口处中心回流率增大,对炉膛高温烟气的抽吸作用增强。     

煤掺烧生物质旋流燃烧器流场的数值模拟

为探索适用于煤掺烧生物质的旋流燃烧器结构形式,采用Fluent软件对旋流燃烧器进行了冷态数值模拟,计算结果表明旋流叶片安装角度合适,旋流燃烧器中流出的气体质点既有旋转向前的趋势,又有从切向飞出的趋势,气流初期扰动非常强烈。研究发现改变燃烧室形状对燃烧室内气相速度场、颗粒轨迹以及湍流强度等特性参数都有较大影响,长方体型燃烧室对燃料和氧化剂的混合和燃烧更有利。     

旋流燃烧器数值模拟和优化改造

某电站煤粉锅炉采用旋流燃烧器,在运行中燃烧器出现调节能力差的问题.针对此情况,我们分别按照分析缺陷、虚拟改造以及优化改造3个步骤进行研究,以及对应的3个不同工况进行了数值模拟计算.运用k-ε数学模型,并借助Fluent 6.0对单个旋流燃烧器的一、二次风的流场进行三维数值模拟计算.通过数值模拟我们对旋流燃烧器进行了优化改造,并通过有限的但是精确的现场测试数据对比,很好地验证了本次数值模拟的准确性.     

不同进风结构煤粉燃烧器冷态流场实验研究

对采用切向和端面旋流进风结构的煤粉燃烧器进行了冷态流场特性实验研究,实验结果表明采用端面旋流进风结构的煤粉燃烧器流场轴向速度分布对称性、均匀性大大加强,而一、二次风合为一股端面旋流进入比单独从轴向进一次风对流场的合理分布更加有利。     

轴向涡流燃烧器内部流动数值分析

以STAR-CD等计算分析软件为基础建立了一个基于完整真实的三维几何结构的燃烧器内部流动数值分析平台;利用数值模拟的方法,分别对两种不同二次风风口尺寸情况轴向涡流燃烧器的流场进行了数值模拟,以此来分析轴向涡流燃烧器内部流动情况。利用计算分析系统,可以分析燃烧器内部流动的一些主要特征,为电厂实际生产提供参考依据。     

Influence of mass air flow ratio on gas-particle flow characteristics of a swirl burner in a 29 MW pulverized coal boiler

In a gas/particle two-phase test facility, a three-component particle-dynamics anemometer was used to measure the characteristics of gas/particle two-phase flows in a 29 megawatt (MW) pulverized coal industrial boiler equipped with a new type of swirling pulverized coal burner. The distributions of three-dimensional gas/particle velocity, particle volume flux, and particle size distribution were measured under different working conditions. The mean axial velocity and the particle volume flux in the central region of the burner outlet were found to be negative. This indicated that a central recirculation zone was formed in the center of the burner. In the central recirculation zone, the absolute value of the mean axial velocity and the particle volume flux increased when the external secondary air volume increased. The size of the central reflux zone remained stable when the air volume ratio changed. Along the direction of the jet, the peak value formed by the tertiary air gradually moved toward the center of the burner. This tertiary air was mixed with the peak value formed by the air in the adiabatic combustion chamber after the cross-section of x/d = 0.7. Large particles were concentrated near the wall area, and the particle size in the recirculation zone was small.     

低NO_x旋流燃烧器的研究进展

随着分级燃烧和高浓度煤粉燃烧技术的不断进步,低NOx旋流燃烧器得到了不断发展和完善。本文对国内外典型的低NOx旋流燃烧器的研究进展做了总体回顾,总结了低NOx旋流燃烧器的发展趋势。     

煤粉炉冷态数值试验模拟研究

针对某热电厂燃煤锅炉,建立其物理模型及冷态流场数学模型,以模拟冷态性能试验中的炉内空气动力场.并将试验数据直接与模拟结果进行分析、对比,以达到验证物理、数学模型正确性的目的.     

电站锅炉SCR系统流场的冷态试验与数值模拟的研究

采用冷态试验和数值模拟相结合对某电厂660 MW燃煤锅炉SCR脱硝系统中整流格栅、多孔板、导流板的设计方案进行了速度场和浓度场分布及压降的研究。结果表明数值模拟结果和冷态试验结果较为吻合。其中AIG上游速度分布CV值为15.4%,催化剂入口速度分布CV值为8.1%,浓度场CV值为5.7%,满足系统设计要求。催化剂入口处安装整流格栅可以优化进入催化剂层的气流方向,使烟气垂直进入催化剂层。     

Mechanism analysis on the pulverized coal combustion flame stability and NOx emission in a swirl burner with deep air staging

Low NOx burner and air staged combustion are widely applied to control NOx emission in coal-fired power plants. The gas-solid two-phase flow, pulverized coal combustion and NOx emission characteristics of a single low NOx swirl burner in an existing coal-fired boiler was numerically simulated to analyze the mechanisms of flame stability and in-flame NOx reduction. And the detailed NOx formation and reduction model under fuel rich conditions was employed to optimize NOx emissions for the low NOx burner with air staged combustion of different burner stoichiometric ratios. The results show that the specially-designed swirl burner structures including the pulverized coal concentrator, flame stabilizing ring and baffle plate create an ignition region of high gas temperature, proper oxygen concentration and high pulverized coal concentration near the annular recirculation zone at the burner outlet for flame stability. At the same time, the annular recirculation zone is generated between the primary and secondary air jets to promote the rapid ignition and combustion of pulverized coal particles to consume oxygen, and then a reducing region is formed as fuel-rich environment to contribute to in-flame NO_X reduction. Moreover, the NOx concentration at the outlet of the combustion chamber is greatly reduced when the deep air staged combustion with the burner stoichiometric ratio of 0.75 is adopted, and the CO concentration at the outlet of the combustion chamber can be maintained simultaneously at a low level through the over-fired air injection of high velocity to enhance the mixing of the fresh air with the flue gas, which can provide the optimal solution for lower NOx emission in the existing coal-fired boilers.     

Performance simulation of a low‐swirl burner for a Stirling engine

A new type of gas burner for Stirling engine that can recover adequate heat from exhaust gas was designed based on the plate heat exchanger and low‐swirl combustion technology, which consists of three components: a cyclone, a burner, and a circular plate heat exchanger. The circular plate heat exchanger tightly wound around the combustion chamber plays a high efficiency of heat recovery role. In consideration of the radial symmetry of the burner, a three‐dimensional numerical simulation was carried out by Ansys15. The velocity distribution, temperature distribution, and pressure distribution of the combustion gas were presented respectively. Strong backflow that came from the exhaust gas around the root of the flame in the combustion chamber and a vortex below the inlet of the exhaust gas channel were found, which were beneficial for the combustion and improving the uniformity of temperature distribution. Combustion behaviors of the burner under standard operating conditions were obtained, the highest temperature was about 2200 K in burner and the exhaust gas entered the plate heat exchanger at the temperature of 1375 K and exited at 464 K, with the waste heat recovery efficiency over 65.8%. And, the air‐fuel ratio and combustion power had negligible effect on the waste heat recovery efficiency.     

涡流管非稳态旋流流场数值模拟研究

旋流主导着涡流管的内部流动,在有旋流的设备当中,高强度旋流由于涡旋破碎诱导产生的位于中央回流面附近的进动涡核被认为是旋流中的一种拟序结构,可以在一个峰值频率下偏离管道中心并绕着轴线做周期性运动,这种流动结构的产生对旋流本身产生了极大的影响。采用非定常求解模式计算三维涡流管内的内部流场,雷诺应力模型用于封闭Navier-Stokes输运方程,在FLUENT 15.0中数值模拟计算涡流管的内部旋流。结果显示了涡流管瞬态旋流速度场中的周期性振荡,以及非对称大尺度涡结构。     

钝体高度变化对煤粉工业锅炉燃烧器流场特性影响的冷态实验研究

针对某新型适用于燃煤粉工业锅炉的燃烧器,冷态实验研究了其一次风出口处加装的钝体高度改变对燃烧器流场特性的影响。研究结果表明:钝体高度越高并不能使得回流效果越好,适当高度的钝体可以起到增加气流回流的效果。