聚氯代对二甲苯薄膜表面用紫外光固化漆的制备与表征

采用化学气相沉积聚合制备的聚氯代对二甲苯膜(简称PC膜)具有优异的阻隔性能,在多个行业得到广泛的应用。但其耐冲击性能较差,影响了其在某些领域的应用。通过在其表面涂覆柔韧性好的材料以提高其耐冲击性能是一种可选的改进方案。针对PC膜保护研制了一种紫外光固化漆并对其相关性能进行了表征。结果表明,研制的漆膜具有优异的附着力(0级)、柔韧性、耐酸碱性,漆膜对PC膜断裂伸长率和耐冲击强度都有显著提高;固化漆膜不降低PC膜对水蒸气的阻隔性能,而复合膜对空气和氢气阻隔性能有所增强。     

UV laser ablation of parylene films from gold substrates

Parylene coatings on gold substrates were removed by laser ablation using 248-nm light from an excimer laser. Each sample was processed by a different number of pulses in one of three environments: air at atmospheric pressure, nitrogen at atmospheric pressure, and vacuum. The laser-induced craters were analyzed by optical microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Multi-pulse ablation thresholds of gold and parylene were determined.     

Characterization of porous graphitic monoliths from pyrolyzed wood

Porous graphitic carbons were obtained from wood precursors using Ni as a graphitization catalyst during pyrolysis. The structure of the resulting material retains that of the original wood precursors with highly aligned, hierarchical porosity. Thermal characterization was performed by means of thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, and the onset temperature for graphitization was determined to be ~900 °C. Structural and microstructural characterization was performed by means of electron microscopy, electron and x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The effect of maximum pyrolysis temperature on the degree of graphitization was assessed. No significant temperature effect was detected by means of Raman scattering in the range of 1000–1400 °C, but at temperatures over the melting point of the catalyst, the formation of graphite grains with long-range order was detected.     

Design and fabrication of multilayer actuator using floating electrode

PZT (lead zirconate titanate) multilayer actuators were of interest due to their small volume, fast response, low power consumption and low driving voltage. But this multilayer actuator had some problems. However, due to internal stress around electrodes, crack and delamination were very important issues. Around the edge of conventional inter-digital electrodes, non-uniform electric field generates the stress concentration, which causes the ceramic crack and delamination. The internal stress distribution in multilayer actuator was analysed by a numerical simulation. And by using float electrode, multilayer actuator was manufactured to decrease internal stress concentration of inter-digital electrode. The float electrode could suppress the electric field concentration and cracking in the actuator.

Destruction mechanism in multilayer ceramic actuators has been investigated under cyclic electric fields. Crack propagation has been observed dynamically by using optical microscopy, and the accompanying characteristic of acoustic emission was measured.     

A novel submicron-gap electrode fabrication technology using thermal oxidation

A novel and reproducible method to fabricate submicron-gap electrodes using thermal oxidation has been presented. In this method, oxidation process determines the gap distance. The micron-level silicon electrode gaps with different shapes were first generated on the silicon wafer by conventional photolithography followed by deep reactive ion etching process. Then thermal oxidation was conducted to realize the transition from silicon to silicon dioxide, i.e. reduce the gap width. Finally, the planar electrodes with sub-micron spacing were formed by metallization and photolithography. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the electrode configuration and the electrical properties of as-prepared electrode pairs were also characterized. The results showed that using the method investigated in this work, Au electrodes with a submicron-sized gap could be easily fabricated, with good uniformity and reproducibility.     

A two-step deposition process for electrode fabrication of CdZnTe detectors

The method of the electrode deposition process plays a vital role in determining the contact characteristics, which is often one of the dominant factors influencing the CdZnTe detector performance. In this work, a modified deposition process named two-step process for the electrode fabrication of CdZnTe detectors, was developed. This deposition process can dramatically increase the adhesion strength and reduce the inhomogeneity of the metal/semiconductor interface, and improve the detection ability of high energy radiation such as X-rays and gamma-rays. Scanning acoustic microscopy, shear tests, current-voltage test and energy spectra characteristics measurements were carried out in this work.     

AIGaN/GaN肖特基二极管中金属电极的制备方法研究

本文主要研究AlGaN/GaN二极管制备工艺中Ohmic Contact金属和Schottky Contact金属电极的制备,主要讨论了金属电极材料的选取,退火温度和退火时间对接触电阻的影响,最后得出了Ohmic Contact的比接触电阻和TiN的淀积参数.     

Nanogap electrode fabrication for a nanoscale device by volume-expanding electrochemical synthesis

A novel nanogap fabrication method using an electrochemical nanopatterning technique is presented. Electrochemical deposition of platinum ions reduces the microgap size to the sub-50-nm range due to the self-limited volume expansion of the electrodes. Additionally, the low crystallinity of platinum reduces the line edge roughness in the electrodes, whereas the high crystallinity of gold increases it. Current compliance, a buffered resistor, and a symmetric deposition strategy are used to achieve high reliability and practicality of nanogap electrodes. As a possible application, an organic thin-film transistor using the nanogap electrodes is also demonstrated.     

AlGaN/GaN肖特基二极管中金属电极的制备方法研究

本文主要研究AlGaN/GaN二极管制备工艺中Ohmic Contact金属和Schottky Contact金属电极的制备,主要讨论了金属电极材料的选取,退火温度和退火时间对接触电阻的影响,最后得出了Ohmic Contact的比接触电阻和TiN的淀积参数。     

石墨烯基电容去离子电极材料的制备及其性能

石墨烯是2004年制备出的单层碳原子二维材料,具有比表面积大、导电性高等优点,近年来在电容去离子中作为电极材料的潜力逐渐受到关注。总结了自2009年第1篇相关文献发表以来石墨烯或其复合物(统称为石墨烯基电极材料)作为电容去离子电极材料的文献。首先总结了石墨烯基电极材料的制备技术;之后对石墨烯基电极材料的电极性能参数(比电容、比表面积、平均孔直径、导电性等)进行了归纳和比较;进一步讨论了不同石墨烯基电极材料应用于电容去离子的电吸附性能,并与其它碳电极材料作了对比;最后对石墨烯基电极材料用于电容去离子的研究方向作了展望。     

Carbon dioxide laser fabrication of fused-fiber couplers and tapers

We report the development of a fiber taper and fused-fiber coupler fabrication rig that uses a scanning, focused, CO(2) laser beam as the heat source. As a result of the pointlike heat source and the versatility associated with scanning, tapers of any transition shape and uniform taper waist can be produced. Tapers with both a linear shape and an exponential transition shape were measured. The taper waist uniformity was measured and shown to be better than +/-1.2%. The rig was also used to make fused-fiber couplers. Couplers with excess loss below -0.1 dB were routinely produced.     

On the fabrication of crystalline C(60) nanorod transistors from solution

Flexible and high-aspect-ratio C(60) nanorods are synthesized using a liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation process. As-grown nanorods are shown to exhibit a hexagonal close-packed single-crystal structure, with m-dichlorobenzene solvent molecules incorporated into the crystalline structure in a C(60):m-dichlorobenzene ratio of 3:2. An annealing step at 200?°C transforms the nanorods into a solvent-free face-centred-cubic polycrystalline structure. The nanorods are deposited onto field-effect transistor structures using two solvent-based techniques: drop-casting and dip-coating. We find that dip-coating deposition results in a preferred alignment of non-bundled nanorods and a satisfying transistor performance. The latter is quantified by the attainment of an electron mobility of 0.08?cm (2)?V (-1)?s (-1) and an on/off ratio of >?10(4) for a single-crystal nanorod transistor, fabricated with a solution-based and low-temperature process that is compatible with flexible substrates.     

A comparative study on fabrication of Mn2 + selective polymeric membrane electrode and coated graphite electrode

Poly(vinyl chloride)-based membranes of two ligands 2,4-bis(2-acetoxybenzylamino)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (L₁) and N2,N4-di(cyanoethyl)-2,4-bis(2-acetoxybenzylamino)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (L₂) were fabricated and explored as Mn^2 + ion selective electrodes. The performance of the polymeric membranes electrodes of ionophores with different plasticizers (dibutylphthalate, benzoic acid, o-nitrophenyloctyl ether, 1-chloronapthalene and tri-n-butylphosphate) and anion excluders (sodium tetraphenylborate and potassium tetrakis p-(chloro phenyl)borate) was looked in to and the better results were obtained with the membrane having composition L₂: NaTPB: DBP: PVC as 6: 3: 56: 35 (w/w; mg). The coated graphite electrode (CGE) with same composition was also fabricated and investigated as Mn^2 + selective electrode. It was found that CGE showed better response characteristics than PME. The potentiometric response of CGE was independent of pH in the range 3.0–9.0 exhibiting the Nernstian slope 29.5 ± 0.3 mV decade^? 1 of activity and working concentration range 4.1 × 10^? 7–1.0 × 10^? 1 mol L^? 1 with a limit of detection 6.7 × 10^? 8 mol L^? 1. The electrode showed a fast response time of 12 s with a shelf life of 105 days. The proposed CGE could be successfully used for the determination of Mn^2 + ions in different water, soil, vegetables and medicinal plants also used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration with EDTA.     

Nanoparticulate magnetite thin films as electrode materials for the fabrication of electrochemical capacitors

Magnetite nanoparticles in stable colloidal suspension were prepared by the co-precipitation method. Nanoparticulate magnetite thin films on supporting stainless steel plates were prepared by drop-coating followed by heat treatment under controlled conditions. The effects of calcination temperature and atmosphere on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of nanoparticulate magnetite thin films were investigated. Nanoparticulate magnetite thin films prepared under optimized conditions exhibited a specific capacitance value of 82 F/g in mild aqueous 1.0 M Na₂SO₄ solution. Due to their high charge capacity, good cycling reversibility, and stability in a mild aqueous electrolyte, nanoparticulate magnetite thin films appear to be promising electrode materials for the fabrication of electrochemical capacitors.     

Oxygen plasma functionalization of parylene C coating for implants surface: Nanotopography and active sites for drug anchoring

The effect of oxygen plasma treatment (t = 0.1–60 min, p_O2 = 0.2 mbar, P = 50 W) of parylene C implant surface coating was investigated in order to check its influence on morphology (SEM, AFM observations), chemical composition (XPS analysis), hydrophilicity (contact angle measurements) and biocompatibility (MG-63 cell line and Staphylococcus aureus 24167 DSM adhesion screening). The modification procedure leads to oxygen insertion (up to 20 at.%) into the polymer matrix and together with surface topography changes has a dramatic impact on wettability (change of contact angle from θ = 78 ± 2 to θ = 33 ± 1.9 for unmodified and 60 min treated sample, respectively). As a result, the hydrophilic surface of modified parylene C promotes MG-63 cells growth and at the same time does not influence S. aureus adhesion. The obtained results clearly show that the plasma treatment of parylene C surface provides suitable polar groups (C = O, C–O, O–C = O, C–O–O and O–C(O)–O) for further development of the coating functionality.     

Computer numerically controlled plasma chemical vaporization machining with a pipe electrode for optical fabrication

We have developed a chemical vaporization machining device that has computer numerically controlled plasma, by using a pipe electrode for optical fabrications. In this device, less than approximately 1 atm of pressure, plasma is generated around the tip of a pipe electrode. During the process, a workpiece is scanned against the electrode under computer control to achieve the desired shape to be removed. A workpiece of silica glass plate is shaped by use of this device, and the removal characteristics of the device are examined. The equations to characterize numerically the shape resulting from scanning of a workpiece have been derived. The new device allows the high precision of optics from the micrometer to the nanometer level with high-speed removal. The shaped surface is sufficiently smooth to be suitable for optical use.     

Kinetically controlled fabrication of C60 1-dimensional crystals

Considering the current application of fullerenes in the field of organic semiconductor devices, the highly crystalline or single crystal fullerene nanostructures with controlled shape and size contains some breakthrough for improved efficiency. Recently, fullerene 1-dimensional nanostructures, including nanowhiskers and nanotubes, become attractive kind of materials since the development of liquid-liquid interface precipitation (LLIP) process. The LLIP process has critical advantage; the fabrication of highly crystalline, even single crystal, fullerene 1-dimensional nanostructures with simple apparatus. However, the fabrication fullerene 1-dimensional structures by LLIP process requires long process time from one day to several days. In order to overcome this drawback, a modified process from conventional LLIP process is suggested. In the modified LLIP process, the nucleation step and growth step were divided. For the nucleation step, saturated fullerene solution is mixed with small amount of alcohols such as 2-propanol or ethanol. For the controlled growth step, the fullerenes in the nucleated solution are precipitated by addition of alcohol, which is injected to the bottom of the solution with controlled flow rate. In this modified process, the shape of the precipitated fullerene crystals is critically dependent on the nucleation steps and the size is dependent on the precipitation rate. By combination of proper nucleation step and growth rate, a well defined fullerene 1-dimensional structures, of 200-500 nm width and of hundreds microm length can be fabricated within two hours. In addition, by controlling injection rate and degree of supersaturation, several types of 1-dimensional structures including micro-tubes can be prepared and, by changing solvent and alcohol, several shape of C60 crystals including polyhedral particles and plates can be prepared.     

Anisotropic Carbon Phases Prepared from Fullerite C70 under High Pressure

Abstract

We present the structural and ultrasonic study of carbon phases prepared by quenching after heating of fullerite C₇₀ in the temperature range 300–1100°C at pressures 4 and 7.5 GPa. The main aspect of the work concerns the structural and elastic anisotropy of samples resulted as consequence of quasi hydrostatic pressure with an additional pressure component along the axis of pressure load. Structural anisotropy correlates with anisotropy of the tensor of effective elastic constants taken for the medium with single axis of anisotropy. Comparison of the data obtained with anisotropy effects, earlier observed in the phases synthesized from C₆₀ in the similar quasi hydrostatic conditions, clarifies the role of non‐spherical symmetry of C₇₀ molecule.     

一种制作沟槽型同位素微电池表面电极的新工艺

开发了一种利用SU8胶剥离工艺制作沟槽型同位素微电池表面电极的新工艺,通过使用BP212正胶作为牺牲层,有效地解决了在制作沟槽型同位素微电池表面电极时,堆胶以及沟槽中SU8胶不易去除的难题.该工艺操作简单、可靠,成本低,因此具有很大的实用价值.     

A carbon composite based on pyrolyzed diphthalocyanines for immobilization of high-level waste from nuclear industry

A new procedure for immobilization of high-level waste from spent nuclear fuel (SNF) of nuclear power plants (NPP) is suggested. The HLW immobilization process consists in the radionuclide transfer into the form of acetates, followed by synthesis of their diphthalocyanines and their subsequent pyrolysis in an inert medium. Real raffinate solutions from reprocessing of SNF of Novovoronezh NPP were used as HLW. The efficiency of the immobilization of radionuclides (mainly REE and minor actinides) was found to be higher than 99%. The thermal stability, chemical durability (leaching with aqueous solutions with pH from 2 to 9), and radiation resistance of the samples were evaluated using α-, β-, and γ-ray spectrometry. The evolution of the structure of the pyrolyzed diphthalocyanines in the temperature range 800–1600°C was studied by small-angle neutron scattering, X-ray diffraction analysis, and atomic force microscopy. The results obtained have confirmed the hypothesis that the pyrolysis of diphthalocyanines yields a branched network of carbon atom nanoclustes of size from 5 to ~150 nm, ensuring efficient retention of radionuclides in the host material. The host material is comparable in the thermal stability, i.e., in the degree of radionuclide retention at 1000–1200°С, with borosilicate or phosphate glasses, which are the most widely used host materials for radioactive waste immobilization, and considerably surpasses them in the resistance to leaching and radiation.