长芳纶纤维增强抗冲共聚聚丙烯复合材料的研究

以抗冲共聚聚丙烯为基体,通过熔融浸渍拉挤工艺和密炼工艺制备长芳纶纤维增强抗冲共聚聚丙烯复合材料。研究了不同加工工艺、长芳纶纤维用量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,长芳纶纤维的加入可以明显提高复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、维卡软化温度及硬度,但韧性降低。熔融浸渍拉挤工艺制备的复合材料的性能明显优于密炼工艺制备的复合材料的性能。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析结果表明,长芳纶纤维与抗冲共聚聚丙烯基体的相容性很差。动态力学行为表明,长芳纶纤维的加入使复合材料的抗形变能力显著增加。实验证明,使用长芳纶纤维进行增强,可以使复合材料的性能有较大提高,但其界面相容性有待改进。     

芳纶无纬布连续化生产工艺方法与研究

本文通过对芳纶无纬布连续化生产工艺方法的研究,探究不同的工艺条件(包括纱架上纤维退绕张力、胶黏剂配方与配比、环境条件)对无纬布性能(包括表观性能、防弹性能等)的影响,探究出一组最佳的工艺条件。连续化生产制备的单向布通过压机复合压制成层叠产品,做成的靶片进行实弹打靶测试,由单向布织造成的防弹芯片通过美国NIJ0101.06测试标准。证明了此工艺生产的产品性能的优异性,为生产出高品质的芳纶无纬布产品打下坚实的基础。     

芳纶的制备 微观结构与测试方法

介绍芳纶的制备工艺 (包括一步法和两步法工艺及芳纶浆粕型纤维的制备 ) ,并对聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺 (PPTA )纤维的几种主要微观结构形态 ,包括皮芯层有序微区结构模型、轴向排列褶裥层模型和片晶柱状原纤结构模型 ,进行了较详尽的论述。应用碳纤维的结构形成原因推测了芳纶结构也应存在多样性 ,讨论可能影响其结构的因素。对用于芳纶微观结构分析的表面力显微镜和介电学谱技术进行了简介。     

芳纶短纤维/聚氨酯树脂复合材料成型工艺研究

成型工艺直接影响复合材料的性能。本文考察了芳纶短纤维/聚氨酯树脂复合材料模压成型工艺的预成型时间、模压温度、模压压强、模压时间等因素对复合材料拉伸强度的影响。结果表明,预成型时间4h,模压温度170℃,模压压强为4MPa,模压时间为30m in的工艺条件下可制备拉伸强度为35 MPa的芳纶短纤维/聚氨酯树脂复合材料。     

玻璃纤维增强复合带的制备

玻璃纤维在溶液槽中经偶联剂处理后,通过烘箱除去水分,在复合模具中与熔融的高密度聚乙烯复合,在一定压力条件下制成带状,即可得到玻璃纤维增强复合带。在不同工艺条件下制备玻璃纤维增强复合带,并对其进行力学性能测试,寻求最佳工艺条件。结果表明,经偶联剂处理的玻璃纤维在烘箱温度为170℃、走丝速度为6m/min、成型压力为500N、张紧度为7N的条件下制备的复合带性能最佳。     

芳纶无纬布生产质量的控制研究

通过对卷状芳纶无纬布生产工艺的研究,探究几个关键工艺条件(包括丝束退绕张力、胶粘剂的配方、层压复合的温度、压力及运行速度等)对卷状芳纶无纬布的性能(包括表观性能和防弹性能)的影响,摸索出一组最佳的工艺条件,由此制备的无纬布产品综合性能最优。由此工艺织造成的卷状无纬布防弹芯片通过美国NIJ0101.06测试标准和公安部GA141-2010标准测试,验证了此生产工艺的优越性。     

芳纶纳米纤维增强聚乙烯醇复合膜的制备与性能

以芳纶纤维Kevlar@49为原料,在温和条件下制备了芳纶纳米纤维分散体(ANFS),并利用分散体制备了芳纶纳米纤维/聚乙烯醇(ANFs/PVA)复合膜。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)仪、差示扫描量热(DSC)仪、原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子万能试验机及透光度/雾度测定仪等考察了复合膜的微观结构、热学、光学及力学性能。FTIR证明,复合膜中ANFs与PVA具有一定的分子间氢键作用,促进了ANFs在PVA基体中的分散。由AFM和SEM可以清晰观察到直径为20~30 nm的芳纶纳米纤维分散体,并且通过SEM观察到复合膜表面较为平整。当芳纶纳米纤维质量分数为6.0%时,复合膜的抗拉强度为17.86 MPa,断裂伸长率为442%;透光度为82.63%,雾度为27.56%;玻璃化温度,熔融温度和结晶温度分别为75.20、208.82和174.51℃,表明其透光性良好,力学和热学性能达到最佳。     

低温溶液直接缩聚法制备浆粕状芳纶纤维

采用低温溶液缩聚法制备浆粕状芳纶纤维 ,且通过均匀设计来安排合成试验 ,采用数据组合法和单纯型寻优法建立了各影响因素与芳纶浆粕纤维特性粘数之间的回归模型 ,优化了合成工艺 ,为进一步研究制备浆粕状芳纶浆粕工艺奠定了基础     

芳纶技术的发展及应用

芳纶是一种有机合成的、高技术含量和高附加值的高性能特种纤维,目前工业化的品种主要有两大类:芳纶l414(对位芳纶)和芳纶1313(间位芳纶),该文简单地介绍了两种芳纶纤维国内外的发展状况,着重介绍了它们的制备方法、性能和在各个领域的应用,并对目前国内芳纶存在的问题做了简要分析。     

树脂对芳纶无纬布防弹防刺性能的影响

采用树脂与芳纶无纬布模压的方法,制备了一种具备防弹防刺功能的复合材料,讨论了模压温度、时间、压力等因素对其性能的影响。实验结果表明,以树脂和芳纶无纬布为原料制备的防弹防刺复合材料,其工艺优化条件为：模压时间15～30min,温度125℃,压力2～4MPa。在此条件下,制得的复合材料的防弹防刺综合性能最佳。     

T700/3234预浸料自动铺带工艺研究

通过研究自动铺带设定温度对预浸料粘性的影响以及自动铺带橡胶辊压力和带间间隙对层压板性能的影响,讨论了T700/3234单向环氧预浸料自动铺带工艺特性,确定了T700/3234的自动铺带工艺参数,满足了大型复合材料壁板类产品的制造要求。     

Lubrication of poly(vinyl alcohol) chain orientation by carbon nano‐chips in composite tapes

The extraordinary structural properties of graphene and carbon nanotube materials motivate the development of practical methods for their use in fabricating continuous, strong, and tough composite fibers. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/carbon nano‐chip fiber (CNCF) composite tapes with 0.5 wt % loading show that Young's modulus, tensile strength, and toughness are increased by 585%, 653%, and 20%, respectively as compared to the control (PVA) tapes. Nano‐chips exfoliated from the CNCF during processing, lubricate polymer chain alignment, and orientation during drawing, where composite tapes could be drawn to higher draw ratios compared with the control tapes. As a result, the Herman's orientation factor (f) increased from 0.5 (control tape) to 0.8 (composite tape). Theoretical analysis shows ～ 16 vol % of the composite tapes consists of fully oriented PVA chains, which contributes to its exceptional mechanical performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Processing of 1-3 Piezoelectric Ceramic/Polymer Composites

Several methods of forming fine-scale 1–3 piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composites for possible transducer applications were demonstrated. These methods include tape casting, honeycomb dicing, and ceramic fiber weaving. In the tape casting technique, laminated structures were formed using thin PZT tapes. The tapes were stacked, with spacers separating the layers, and the stack embedded in polymer. Dicing the stack resulted in a composite with 1–3 connectivity. The thin tape technique can be used to develop composites with ceramic or polymer volume fraction gradients and multifunctional ceramics. Dicing of PZT honeycombs yields 1–3 composites with uniquely shaped rods. Shapes included +, T, and L. In the ceramic fiber weaving technique, green PZT fibers were woven through a PZT honeycomb support structure. The structure was fired to sinter the PZT fibers, and embedded with polymer to yield 1–3 composites. All 1–3 composites showed high and uniform piezoelectric coefficients across the electroded area.     

The preparation of SiCP/Ag–Cu–Ti hybrid tapes and application in the joining of silicon carbide ceramics

Abstract

A novel method of tape casting to fabricate ceramic-particulate-reinforced composite filler alloy tapes with low organics (no more than 6?wt.%) was developed, with which SiC_P/Ag–Cu–Ti hybrid tapes were successfully prepared and used in joining of sintered silicon carbide ceramics. The stress rheometer, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer were used to characterize the rheological properties of slurry and microstructure of green tapes and joints. The slurry for tape casting consists of dispersant, binder, solvent, a mixture of ceramics particulates and metal powders, and no plasticizer was added. Castor oil phosphate was proven the suitable dispersant for the slurry, and the content of dispersant, binder, solid loading was optimized as 3?wt.%, 2.6?wt.% and 26?vol.%, respectively. The fabricated hybrid tapes possess good ductility and uniform thickness. The SiC particulates were homogeneously distributed in the metal powders matrix in both sides of the green tapes, and the distribution was retained in the SiC/SiC joints.     

Mechanical Properties of Tape-Cast Alumina-Glass Dental Composites

Alumina-glass dental composites were prepared by tape casting and sintering at 1120°C, followed by glass infiltration at 1100°C. Flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites were investigated in terms of the influence of tape constituents, namely, alumina powder, binder, and plasticizer, on the mechanical properties. Both strength and toughness increased with increasing alumina fraction in tapes and decreased with increasing binder content in binder/plasticizer mixtures. These observations were consistent with the influence of the constituents on mean alumina particle distance in tapes, suggesting that the high strength of glass-infiltrated alumina composites is related to toughening by crack bowing. The strength and fracture toughness of the tape-cast composites, optimized for forming dental crowns, were 508 MPa and 3.1 MPa·m^1/2, respectively, obtained from biaxial tests. Shrinkage of the composites decreased with increasing thermocompression pressure, applied to the tapes prior to sintering, and heating rate to the sintering temperature.     

连续玻纤增强聚丙烯预浸带熔融浸渍过程纤维断裂研究

为提高连续玻纤增强聚丙烯预浸带（PP/GF）性能,采用熔融浸渍法制备连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯预浸带,研究了PP熔体浸渍连续GF束过程。基于Weibull分布函数建立了纤维断裂数学模型,预测预浸带生产过程中纤维断裂率并描述实验结果。结果表明,模型与实验数据吻合较好,能够为工业化生产提供指导;纤维束在浸渍模具中受到树脂熔体的作用,及纤维与设备之间的摩擦是影响纤维断裂的主要因素,适当提高浸渍模具温度,降低纤维束牵引速度,增大浸渍模具间隙能有效降低纤维断裂率,提高工艺稳定性。     

Long‐term mechanical and viscoelastic behavior of constitutive polymeric materials used for magnetic tapes

Creep‐compliance behavior of specially prepared magnetic tape materials was measured at elevated temperature levels to facilitate the use of a time–temperature superposition (TTS) process. This TTS process allowed for the construction of master curves at a reference temperature of 30°C, which were used to predict the long‐term viscoelastic behavior of the magnetic particle (MP) and metal‐evaporated (ME) tapes used in the study. The specially prepared samples allowed for the use of a rule of mixtures technique to determine the long‐term creep compliance of the front coat and back coat used for the magnetic tapes. To test the validity of this procedure, the front coat, substrate, and back coat data determined through separate experiments were used to calculate creep compliances of simulated tapes. These calculated creep‐compliance curves were then compared to measured data for the actual magnetic tapes. After determination and validation of the front coat, substrate, and back coat creep‐compliance data sets, they were used to determine strain distributions when the tapes are stored in a reel. Strain distributions were calculated for two cases, which reflect how tapes are stored in different drives: (1) the front coat (magnetic + nonmagnetic layer) is oriented away from the hub, and (2) the front coat is oriented toward the hub. Results showed that strain in the critical front coat of a tape is lower if it is stored with the front coat oriented toward the hub. In addition, the use of the creep‐compliance data showed that the MP tape front coat is more susceptible to creep than the ME tape front coat. The strain distributions in future magnetic tapes were also simulated by reducing the thickness and compliance of the layers. Results showed the importance of using lower compliance front coat, substrate, and back coat materials if thinner tapes are to be developed to increase the volume of information that can be stored in a magnetic tape reel. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1142–1160, 2001     

Properties of orthotropic glass–polypropylene composites manufactured by weaving of prepregtapes and other routes

Abstract

This paper reports a study of the melt impregnation and weaving of glass–polypropylene prepreg tapes into sheet for use as a precursor for pressed thermoplastic composite products and a comparison of the properties attainable with those achievable by other comparable routes. Melt impregnation has been used successfully to manufacture well impregnated tapes, with and without internal coupling agent. It appears that weaving could be an economically viable process for converting unidirectional tape into a conformable, press formable prepreg. The properties of glass–polypropylene laminates manufactured by pressing the tape woven product were compared with those of other glass–polypropylene composites, including crossply laminate made from Plytron and samples prepared by film stacking. Quasi-static mechanical properties were found to be comparable with those of Plytron and superior to those of the other materials. In the coupled samples, coupling was somewhat less effective than in Plytron. The impact behaviour of the pressed, tape woven products was impressive and superior to any of the other materials tested.     

流延成型法制备Mn掺杂Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)TiO_3/MgO陶瓷及其介电性能

用流延成型法制备Mn掺杂钛酸锶钡(BaxSr1-xTiO3,BST)/MgO复相陶瓷厚膜,介绍从制粉、流延浆料制备到厚膜的脱脂及烧结的整个工艺流程。通过差热-热重测试曲线分析Mn掺杂BST/MgO流延膜的脱脂特性,制定膜片的脱脂工艺。用扫描电镜观察不同温度烧结样品的微观结构,确定最佳厚膜烧结工艺,在1320℃和1350℃烧结的陶瓷厚膜样品的相对密度达到96.1%。分析研究不同温度烧结陶瓷厚膜的介电性能的结果表明:1350℃烧结样品的室温相对介电常数为108,介电损耗低于0.002,Curie温度在-70℃左右,介电常数可调率为25.15%。     

Dispersion,rheology and aqueous tape casting of alumina–zirconia composites

Abstract

Alumina and zirconia were dispersed individually in aqueous media using Darvan C as the dispersant and at optimised pH condition. Based on sedimentation, rheology, yield stress, electrodeposition and zeta potential measurements, 2 wt-% of the dispersant and a pH of 10·5 were found to be the optimum condition for the codispersion of alumina and zirconia. Aqueous tape casting slurries with a solid loading of 32 wt-% were prepared under the optimised conditions of dispersion. Alumina–zirconia (50 : 50) composite tapes of 40 μm thickness and 56% green density were obtained.