大炼油用上国产智能控制系统

5月21日,中国石化重大装备国产化项目——千万吨级大型炼油装置智能控制系统在长岭炼化通过验收并示范推广。长岭炼化率先在800万吨／年炼油装置使用浙江中控技术股份有限公司研发制造的DCS设备,开启了国产DCS设备在中国石化千万吨级炼油联合装置使用的先河,使我国能源生产安全有了“底气”,同时也提高了国内自动化行业的整体水平。     

我国将重点发展五大石化装备

<正>日前,工业与信息化部规划司发展规划处表示,未来5年是我国油气行业的战略机遇期。针对这一机遇期,高端石化装备制造产业提前规划,确定了五大重点发展方向,即智能钻井系统,千万吨炼油、百万吨乙烯成套装备,天然气(页岩气)勘探开发装备,深海油气资源开发装备和油气资源集输装备。     

埋地钢管中添加稀土元素的耐腐蚀性能研究

随着未来全球可供大规模开采重质原油比例的逐步增加，我国炼油企业近年得以快速扩张。而建成炼油装置需要铺设大量金属管道，其中原料油过滤器、原料油聚结器和加氢反应器等众多重要设备均需配备污油管线，且采用地下铺设的方法。但目前采用的埋地用钢存在抗腐蚀性能差、维护成本高等缺点，为我国炼油装备在不同土壤区域的整体建成带来了许多困难。基于物理冶金学、材料学，通过添加稀土铈研发一种新型埋地用钢，用于提高埋地管道在典型土壤地区的耐腐蚀性能，降低整体维护成本。     

世界炼油工业发展概况与趋势

介绍了世界与我国石油资源状况,阐述了世界及我国炼油工业发展现状与未来趋势,提出了我国炼油工业面临的挑战及加快我国炼油工业发展的对策建议。     

我国炼油工业发展面临的挑战及对策

阐述了我国炼油工业的发展成就及当前存在的问题,指出了我国炼油工业面临的新要求和新挑战,提出了我国炼油工业的发展方向和对策。     

2005年我国炼油业运行特征与2006年展望

分析了2005年我国炼油工业的发展、运行情况与特点,展望了2806年我国炼油业的发展前景,针对2006年我国炼油业需要解决的主要问题提出了相应的对策。     

炼油产业绿色发展趋势研究

综述了我国炼油产业绿色发展现状、成就,分析了当前我国炼油产业绿色发展面临的形势及要求,提出了炼油产业绿色发展的趋势和方向。     

炼油装置平稳运行评价应用实践

近年来,随着原油持续劣质化和炼油装置运行周期不断延长,装置平稳运行愈发重要.装备运行不稳易引起非计划停工,造成巨大经济损失,甚至酿成安全环保事故.为此,中国石化建立了炼油装置平稳运行评价体系,基于实时数据库,用均方差法计算平稳率,以主要工艺控制指标的离散程度来评价运行稳定程度,创建了炼油板块横向装置、纵向评比的平台.通...     

我国炼油和油品销售的未来发展展望

介绍了我国炼油工业的现状及工业化新阶段对炼油工业发展的新要求;指出我国炼油工业应加快发展,提高国际竞争力;建议积极推进建立公平有序的市场竞争环境,进一步完善成品油定价机制,建立高效营销网络,增强我国炼油工业的市场控制力。     

中国炼油业结构调整建议

从优化炼油布局、改善结构、增强规模经济等六个方面总结了我国炼油业结构调整取得的重大成效,同时指出了所存在的问题,通过分析美国炼油布局特点,借鉴其经验,提出了推动我国炼油业可持续发展的结构调整建议。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。