首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
燃煤锅炉灰沉积物形成过程及机理综述   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
矿物质是引起锅炉受热面灰沉积的根本原因.综述了目前同内外关于煤中矿物质分类、组成、存在形态,以及在煤粉制备过程中的偏析、富集和在炉内燃烧火焰中的行为特征等方面的最新研究成果,着重分析了飞灰的形成、灰粒在炉内高温娴气中的输运和沉积特性.尤其对沾污和结渣的形成过程及机理进行了较为深入的分析,从而对自煤中矿物质到锅炉受热面灰沉积的整个形成过程有一个全面的认识和了解.  相似文献   

2.
应用灰污热流计监测燃煤锅炉炉膛灰污结渣的动态过程   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
针对煤粉中混入造纸黑液后易结渣高碱燃料的结渣特性,将自制的水冷灰污热流计应用于工业性试验中,结合电子探针进行分析。提出灰渣沉积的3层沉积层———初始沉积层、一次沉积层和二次沉积层,并从宏观角度、微观结构、微区成分3方面给予论证。这有助于锅炉沾污结渣机理的研究。此外,通过数据采集仪,获取灰污热流计探头上温度信号,可以掌握热流密度随沾污结渣的动态变化,能够有效地监测炉内沾污结渣的发展,优化吹灰,在工程应用和试验分析中具有一定作用。图7表3参8  相似文献   

3.
针对准东煤在实际电厂燃烧过程中的强结渣、强沾污问题,选取了典型的高Ca、高Na南矿煤为研究对象。在0.4 MW燃烧试验台上进行了准东煤结渣特性试验研究,并通过添加不同比例的将军庙煤来研究混烧对煤灰结渣、沾污特性的影响。研究结果表明:纯烧南矿煤时结渣较为严重,灰渣呈现灰褐色,且质地较为疏松,其不同区域的灰渣主要以Ca的低温化合物为主;沾污样呈现亮白色,主要以硫酸钠为主。添加将军庙煤后,煤灰中的Al、Si与Ca、Na发生强烈的交互反应,生成高熔点的硅铝酸盐类物质,结渣和沾污倾向大为减缓。最终结果表明:实际电厂再燃用南矿煤时,可部分掺烧(10%~20%)将军庙煤,能够明显减缓煤灰的结渣沾污强度。  相似文献   

4.
针对我国新疆高碱煤燃烧过程中的强沾污、结渣特性,对某300MW亚临界高碱煤锅炉炉内各受热面的沾污灰样进行了XRF和SEM-EDX分析.结果表明:在800~1 100℃烟气温度区间内,灰样中CaO、MgO和SO3的质量分数较高;当烟气温度降低至600~800℃时,灰样中Na2O、Fe2O3和SO3的质量分数较高,Na2SO4、CaSO4和NaFeSO4等物质是导致高碱煤燃烧过程中高温对流受热面发生严重沾污的主要原因;669~915℃烟气温度区间内的灰样发生初始熔融的温度及其所对应的液相质量分数要高于其他部位的灰样;灰样C颗粒表面附着粒径为2~4μm的富含Na、S的Na2SO4等颗粒,而钠的硫酸盐在高温下具有较高的黏性和较低的熔点,这是导致该温度下发生严重沾污的主要原因之一.  相似文献   

5.
燃煤锅炉PM10排放及元素分布特性的实验研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
应用低压撞击器对某300 MW燃煤锅炉除尘器前后的飞灰颗粒进行采样,对飞灰颗粒的质量粒径分布、除尘器对不同粒径颗粒的除尘效率和元素Si、Al、Fe、Ca、Mg、S、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn的分布富集规律进行了研究,结果表明该电站除尘器前后PM_(10)质量粒径分布及元素质量分布均呈双峰分布,其峰值分别在0.1μm和2.36~3.95μm附近.除尘器对不同粒径颗粒的收集效率差别很大,对粒径大于10μm颗粒的收集效率约为100%,而对亚微米颗粒的收集效率在62%~83%之间.元素Mg、S、Cu、Zn和Pb在小粒径的飞灰颗粒上有明显富集趋势,特别是元素Cu、Zn和Pb,其相对富集系数达30~40,Si、Al和Ca的富集系数与粒径成正比变化,而Fe和Mn的富集系数与粒径没有规律性变化.  相似文献   

6.
对燃煤电站不同粒径飞灰样品进行了扫描电镜、X射线衍射、电子探针和离子色谱分析,研究了燃煤飞灰中元素质量分数随飞灰粒径的变化规律,分析了过量空气系数对飞灰中元素质量分数分布的影响,并将其与电加热沉降炉的试验结果进行了比较.结果表明:Na、S、Ca和Cl元素的质量分数分布随粒径改变整体上呈负相关变化;Al、Si、K和Fe的质量分数分布随粒径改变整体上呈正相关变化;粒径为25~45 μm飞灰中元素的质量分数分布随过量空气系数的变化呈现明显的规律性,而粒径>45~75 μm飞灰中元素的质量分数分布随过量空气系数变化的规律不明显;在200~350℃时,加热温度对飞灰中Cl和S元素的质量分数分布无影响.  相似文献   

7.
燃煤过程中易挥发有毒痕量元素的相互作用   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
采用化学热平衡分析方法研究了煤中最易挥发的有毒痕量元素汞、砷和硒在煤燃烧过程中的化学形态及分布,着重考虑了痕量元素和氯元素之间、多种痕量元素之间的相互作用.在300~2000K温度范围内,考察了痕量元素在还原性气氛和氧化性气氛的烟气中的化学形态和物理相.结果发现,在燃煤过程中,汞、硒、砷三种痕量元素的挥发性大小依次为汞>硒>砷;氯元素能大大增强汞的蒸发,而对硒和砷的蒸发影响不大.  相似文献   

8.
《动力工程学报》2017,(9):685-690
在一维沉降炉实验系统中进行准东煤燃烧实验,采用非冷却的取样探针在不同烟气温度下收集灰样并进行分析,以获得烟气中不同无机成分在结渣前的形态及灰颗粒间的结合方式.结果表明:当烟气温度为1 000℃时,存在熔融态Na的硅酸盐、硅铝酸盐和CaSO_4,这些熔融态的灰颗粒会撞击、黏附在管壁上;当渣层逐渐增厚时,表面温度升高,可能在渣层表面形成熔融态的膜,以捕捉其他灰颗粒;Fe具有助熔作用,可与硅钙镁铝钠体系形成低温共熔物,当Fe_2O_3颗粒撞击到焦体熔融表面时,其助熔作用会降低焦体表面的熔点而形成新的焦体.  相似文献   

9.
循环流化床煤燃烧产物中微量元素分布特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用清华大学小型循环流化床对黔西南坑硫煤进行燃烧实验,研究循环流化床燃烧过程中煤中微量元素在燃烧产物中的重新配置和对环境的影响,以及固硫添加剂对煤中部分有害微量元素排放的控制作用,结果表明,循环流化床灰中,As、Sb、Pb、Cu、Be与Zn等在细粒灰中富集,Pb、As、Sb、Se、Th、Ni与Cr等在磁性灰中富集。除尘器后烟道灰中富集Zn、As、P、Ni、Cr、Mo、Be、Pb、Th、Hg与F等,而Nb、Rb与Zr等明显亏损。在煤中加入固硫添加剂燃烧后比较发现,As、Se、Sg与Zn等在细粒流化床灰中富集能力降低,As、Se、Li、Be、Mo、Cr、Co与Ni等在除尘器后烟道灰中含量降低,烟道喷淋水中Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、Co、Ni、F与Se等的含量降低。循环流化床燃烧过程中,固硫添加剂不仅降低SO2的排放,而且对部分有害微量元素(As、Se、Be、Cr、Co、Ni、Pb、Zn与F等)的排放有一定的控制作用。  相似文献   

10.
针对我国大多数切圆燃烧锅炉在低氮燃烧改造后出现水冷壁高温腐蚀和结渣问题,在已有研究技术的基础上,提出了一种不同于贴壁风的新型墙式风燃烧辅助系统,将主燃区二次风在水平方向进一步分级,增加直接进入煤粉射流中下游的墙式风,对某600 MW切圆燃烧锅炉进行改造。运行试验表明:墙式风可以有效改善水冷壁附近还原性气氛,提高炉膛燃烧区整体温度水平,过热器和再热器减温水量明显减小,NO_x排放量有所降低,锅炉燃用低灰熔点煤的能力得到了提高。  相似文献   

11.
The Soma power plant in western Turkey consists of six 165-MW units (B1–4 and B5–6), of which the first four units (B1–4) burn Early-Middle Miocene feed coals from the lower seam in central mines (southern Soma village), and later, two units (B5–6) use Early-Middle Miocene and Upper Miocene feed coals from the lower and upper seams in Denis mines (northern Soma village). A total of 48 samples, feed coals (FCs), fly ashes (FAs) and bottom ashes (BAs), which were systematically collected once a week over an eight-week period from both group boiler units, B1–4 with 660 MW and B5–6 with 330 MW capacity from Soma power plant, have been evaluated for major and trace elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ti, S, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Cs, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, Li, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Ta, Th, Tl, U, V, Y, Zn, Zr, and REEs) to get information on behavior during coal combustion. This study indicates that some elements such as Hg, Bi, Cd, As, Pb, Ge, Tl, Sn, Zn, Sb, B show enrichments in FAs relative to the BAs in both group boiler units. In addition to these, Cs, Lu, Tm, and Ga in Units B1–4 and S in Units B5–6 also have enrichments in FAs. Elements showing enrichments in BAs in both group boiler units are Ta, Mn, Nb. In addition to these, Se, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe in Units B1–4 and Cu in Units B5–6 also have enrichments in BAs. The remaining elements investigated in this study have no clear segregation between FAs and BAs. Mass balance calculations with the two methods show that some elements, S, Ta, Hg, Se, Zn, Na, Ca in Units B1–4, and Hg, S, Ta, Se, P in Units B5–6, have volatile behavior during coal combustion in the Soma power plant. This study also implies that some elements, Sb and Tb in Units B1–4 and Sb in Units B5–6, have relatively high retention effects in the combustion residues from the Soma power plant.  相似文献   

12.
The Kozani–Ptolemais–Amyntaio basin constitutes the principal coal field of Greece. Approximately 50% of the total power of Greece is generated by five power stations operating in the area. Pulverized lignite, a bottom ash, and a fly ash sample from the power plant of Amyntaio were subjected to a leaching procedure. The relative mass leached (RML) of three potentially toxic trace elements (Cu, Cr, Ni) was determined by use of AAS. Results indicate that the determined elements are more readily available in fly ash than in bottom ash or pulverized lignite. Mineralogical examination of the samples has revealed that calcite, gypsum, quartz, and feldspar are the constituents of lignite; quartz and calcite are found in fly ash particles; while gypsum, quartz, and calcite are found in bottom ash.  相似文献   

13.
粉煤灰资源综合利用的现状   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
本文介绍了粉煤灰的矿物组成和理化特性,以及它在农业、建材、环保等行业的资源化利用现状,指出粉煤灰资源综合利用合乎可持续发展的方向。  相似文献   

14.
    
Bottom ash and fly ash are the by-products of coal in thermal power plants. They are the combustion wastes and contain many elements that may harmful to the environment. The present study investigates the physiochemical, mineral, and leaching characteristics of an Indian coal ash (bottom ash and fly ash). From the characterization of bottom ash and fly ash, it is found that the ash samples are enriched predominantly in silica, alumina, and iron oxides. A series of leaching experiments have been performed to analyze the tracing elements of metal at the different liquid to solid ratio (L/S). The L/S varies from 20:1 to 80:1. From the leaching results of the fly ash and bottom ash data, it is observed that the tracing elements of Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Cu are the most abundant elements, while Hg, Mo, and Co are the least abundant elements.  相似文献   

15.
印度当地煤种特性与我国煤种特性相差较远。根据印度项目需要,对印度CFB锅炉燃用煤种进行燃烧特性的试验研究。通过煤种的常规分析,获得了试验煤种的基本特性数据;通过热重试验,得到了试验煤种的着火特性、燃尽特性和热解特性;通过流化床试验台热态试验,获得了不同入炉煤粒径分布下,煤种的燃尽特性和灰渣比。试验结果对实炉的设计、调试具有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

16.
电站煤粉锅炉飞灰浓度模型   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根据锅炉热平衡基本原理和燃烧理论,建立了基于在线监测参数的飞灰浓度计算模型,模型的计算值与实测值比较接近。模型对于在线测量飞灰含碳量有一定的工程实用性。  相似文献   

17.
    
Presently, fly ash–water slurry is transported to ash disposal site at very low solid concentration of approximately 15–20% (by weight), resulting in huge water and energy wastage which leads to several environmental and health problem. The production of a large amount of the toxic metal elements in the ash disposal system of the thermal power plants can pose negative environmental effects on human health and on plants. In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the leaching characteristics of fly ash at higher concentrations. The bottom ash was taken as an additive in the proportion of 10, 20, and 30% (by weight) to enhance the leaching characteristics of fly ash. The solid concentration of fly ash suspension was taken in the range of 40 to 60% (by weight). The addition of additive helps to reduce the tracing metal concentration of fly ash. Leaching experiment data show that leachate concentration of all tracing elements present in fly ash reduced maximum with 20% addition of bottom ash (by weight). The present study helps to improve the ash disposal system of the thermal power plant and to minimize the environmental impact.  相似文献   

18.
新疆某化工厂45 t/h循环流化床锅炉纯烧准东煤,省煤器积灰严重,导致排烟温度超过200 ℃。以该锅炉省煤器为研究对象,分析了省煤器积灰特征并选择气能激波吹灰器进行改造,对比了改造前后的排烟温度。研究表明:省煤器迎风面和背风面积灰为疏松多孔结构,积灰粒径范围在5~10 μm,呈椭球状或不规则球状,迎、背面灰分组成差异不大,主要由NaCl、MgO、CaSO4、CaCO3 和SiO2等组成,省煤器管束底层黏附的积灰难以清理;气能激波吹灰器对未沉积成型疏松性积灰有效,能大幅度改善省煤器换热效果,排烟温度下降了约40 ℃。  相似文献   

19.
液态排渣锅炉是为了适应难着火而又容易结渣煤的燃烧而发展起来的一种炉型。介绍某大容量液态排渣锅炉(1 025 t/h)飞灰复燃系统的运行特点及其经济性分析,在国内类似的设备还很少见, 了解其运行特性并进行相应的研究对同类型锅炉的设计和运行具有指导意义。  相似文献   

20.
    
In pulverized coal particle combustion, part of the ash forms the ash film and exerts an inhibitory influence on combustion by impeding the diffusion of oxygen to the encapsulated char core, while part of the ash diffuses toward the char core. Despite the considerable ash effects on combustion, the fraction of ash film still remains unclear. However, the research of the properties of cenospheres can be an appropriate choice for the fraction determination, being aware that the formation of cenospheres is based on the model of coal particles with the visco-plastic ash film and a solid core. The fraction of ash film X is the ratio of the measuring mass of ash film and the total ash in coal particle. In this paper, the Huangling bituminous coal with different sizes was burnt in a drop-tube furnace at 1273, 1473, and 1673 K with air as oxidizer. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cross-section analysis have been used to study the geometry of the collected cenospheres and the effects of combustion parameters on the fraction of ash film. The results show that the ash film fraction increases with increasing temperature and carbon conversion ratio but decreases with larger sizes of coal particles. The high fraction of ash film provides a reasonable explanation for the extinction event at the late burnout stage. The varied values of ash film fractions under different conditions during the dynamic combustion process are necessary for further development of kinetic models.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号