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1.
郭水霞 《计算机工程与应用》2007,43(12):184-185,238
在图像处理中,噪声问题是经常会遇到的问题。一般情形下都假定噪声是加性的,此时,维纳滤波器是一种最简便的降噪方法,而且它在均方误差意义下是最优的。将噪声推广到非加性的情形,利用维纳滤波的基本思想,同样可以得到均方误差意义下的最优滤波。  相似文献   

2.
在高斯噪声条件下,卡尔曼滤波器(KF)能够获得系统状态的一致最小方差线性无偏估计.但当噪声非高斯,KF性能将严重下降.观测噪声非高斯现象在深空探测自主导航中经常遇到,然而现有模型可能存在着精度不高、稳定性不强或者计算复杂度较高的缺点.针对这种现状,本文在传统强跟踪卡尔曼滤波器(STKF)中新息正交原则的基础上,推导了适用处理非高斯观测噪声的强跟踪卡尔曼滤波器(STKFNO),并将其嵌入到无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)框架下形成适用处理非线性系统非高斯观测噪声的强跟踪无迹卡尔曼滤波器(STUKFNO).所提出的算法被应用到深空光学自主导航系统中,仿真结果表明所提出的算法能够较好地应对观测噪声的非高斯性.  相似文献   

3.
针对缺乏有效的用于处理多重(两重及以上)加性故障隔离问题的诊断方法的现状,本文提出了一种新的基于卡尔曼滤波器组的控制系统多重故障的检测与隔离算法.通过构造多个结构不同的卡尔曼滤波器并设计相应的残差,使得每个残差仅对执行机构或传感器某个故障敏感而对其余故障不敏感,最终实现多重故障检测与隔离.除此之外,通过理论推导以及仿真分析,证明了所提出的故障检测与隔离算法的优越性.  相似文献   

4.
基于卡尔曼滤波器的PID控制仿真研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对工业过程中常见的二阶滞后对象的PID参数调节问题,采用KALMAN滤波器同常规PID控制相结合的方法对系统进行仿真研究。结果表明:同没有加卡尔曼滤波器的常规PID控制相比,卡尔曼滤波器很好的抑制了白噪声的污染,控制效果明显改善。  相似文献   

5.
本文提出了一种新的图像复原算法,通过局域自适应卡尔曼滤波将被附加白噪声劣化的二维图像复原。首先根据图像局域统计特性用区域分裂与合并算法将图像分割为一系列不连续的局域簇,然后对边界像素进行邻域均匀随机填充计算,之后进行独立的交向矩形窗扫描,并对扫描信号进行自回归建模及滤波,分割后的处理过程可并行进行并考虑了人的视觉特性。  相似文献   

6.
带噪声统计估计器的Unscented卡尔曼滤波器设计   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
针对传统Unscented卡尔曼滤波器(UKF)在噪声先验统计未知或不准确时滤波精度下降甚至发散的问题,基于极大后验(MAP)估计原理,设计了一种带噪声统计估计器的UKF.该UKF滤波算法在进行状态估计的同时,能实时估计和修正噪声均值和协方差.相比于传统UKF,所提出的UKF具有应对噪声统计变化的自适应能力.仿真结果表明了该UKF滤波算法的有效性.
Abstract:
For the problem that the accuray of the conventional UKF declines and further diverges when the prior noise statistic is unknown or inaccurate, an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) with noise statistic estimator is designed.This UKF filtering algorithm based on maximum a posterior (MAP) estimation can estimate and correct the mean and covariance of the noise in real time while it estimates the states.The proposed UKF has the adaptive capability of dealing with variable noise statistic.The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed UKF filtering algorithm.  相似文献   

7.
卡尔曼滤波器性能分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文提出了用实际的估计误差协方差来评价卡尔曼滤波器的性能的思想,并针对单输入单输出系统,分析了在初始条件,误差模型部分或全部不精确已知的情况下,卡尔曼滤波器的性能,得到了一些有用的结论。  相似文献   

8.
维纳滤波器是一种最简便的降噪方法,而且它在均方误差意义下是最优的。将噪声推广到一般的乘性噪声的情形,利用维纳滤波的基本思想,同样可以得到均方误差意义下的最优滤波,最后通过两个模拟的例子验证了该方法的有效性。  相似文献   

9.
卡尔曼滤波器参数分析与应用方法研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
介绍卡尔曼滤波器及其各种衍生方法.首先给出卡尔曼滤波器的算法流程以及所有参数的含义,并对影响滤波效果的五个主要参数进行了讨论.然后通过仿真实验研究不同的参数取值对于卡尔曼滤波的影响.最后总结在不同应用场景下使用卡尔曼滤波器的宗旨和要点.  相似文献   

10.
针对传统Unscented卡尔曼滤波器(UKF)在噪声先验统计未知或不准确时滤波精度下降甚至发散的问题,基于极大后验(MAP)估计原理,设计了一种带噪声统计估计器的UKF.该UKF 滤波算法在进行状态估计的同时,能实时估计和修正噪声均值和协方差.相比于传统UKF,所提出的UKF具有应对噪声统计变化的自适应能力.仿真结果表明了该UKF滤波算法的有效性.  相似文献   

11.
文中运用随机共振来改善码元的传输。对于由字符构成的文本,通过编码生成一系列的码元作为系统输入信号,经过带有噪声的系统传输后,进行译码得到接收文本。文中使用的噪声为高斯型的加性与乘性噪声,逐渐增加噪声强度,接收文本中出错字符比例先降低再增高,从而存在最佳噪声强度,此时出错比例最小,系统性能最好。另外,乘性噪声在改善信号传输时,表现出了一定的鲁棒性。最后,讨论了阈值单元数目与系统阈值的变化对系统性能的影响。  相似文献   

12.
研究了乘性噪声和加性噪声共同作用下含有两种不同时滞项的双稳系统中的平均首次穿越时间.首先通过近似方法得到了平均首次穿越时间的解析式,然后研究了乘性噪声强度、时滞量及噪声关联强度对平均首次穿越时间的影响.当噪声关联强度取正值时,平均首次穿越时间T1(x-→x+)是乘性噪声强度及两种时滞量的非但调函数,是噪声关联强度的单调递增函数.包含在确定力与振荡力中的时滞量分别影响T1(x-→x+)的最大值及对应的噪声强度.平均首次穿越时间T2(x+→x-)是包含在确定力中的时滞量的非单调函数,是乘性噪声强度、另一种时滞量及噪声关联强度的单调递减函数.  相似文献   

13.
乘性噪声随机系统是一类含有乘性噪声因子的随机系统。对于乘性噪声随机系统的建模、滤波算法等问题的研究,还未展开。本文研究了一类离散时间乘性随机系统,基于卡尔曼滤波算法的思想,分别给出此类系统不含输入项及含有输入项的递推最优滤波算法,得到的结果便于实际应用。  相似文献   

14.
    
This paper investigates the reliable H filtering problem for a class of mixed time‐delay systems with stochastic nonlinearities and multiplicative noises. The mixed delays comprise both discrete time‐varying and distributed delays. The stochastic nonlinearities in the form of statistical means cover several well‐studied nonlinear functions. The multiplicative disturbances are in the form of a scalar Gaussian white noise with unit variance. Furthermore, the failures of sensors are quantified by a variable varying in a given interval. In the presence of mixed delays, stochastic nonlinearities, and multiplicative noises, sufficient conditions for the existence of a reliable H filter are derived, such that the filtering error dynamics is asymptotically mean‐square stable and also achieves a guaranteed H performance level. Then, a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach for designing such a reliable H filter is presented. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed theoretical results.  相似文献   

15.
    
We consider linear continuous‐time systems with multiplicative noise and polytopic‐type parameter uncertainty, and we address the problems of H and H2 filtering of these systems. These problems are solved by applying a vertex‐dependent Lyapunov function that considerably reduces the overdesign associated with the classical design that is based on a single Lyapunov function for the whole parameter range. A new approach of the Finsler lemma is used that decreases the overdesign entailed in the usual derivation of the robust estimation problem. The developed theory is also extended to the robust gain scheduling case where online measurement is used to improve the estimation. Two examples are given that demonstrate the tractability and applicability of the design methods.  相似文献   

16.
彩色图像矢量滤波技术综述   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
彩色图像滤波是彩色图像处理的最基本的研究领域之一。彩色图像滤波技术可以分成标量滤波法和矢量滤波法两大类。其中,标量滤波法只是早期的滤波方法。大量的研究表明,矢量滤波法比标量滤波法更加有效,因为它更能保护彩色图像的光谱特性。为使人们对彩色图像矢量滤波技术及其应用有个系统的了解,该文首先全面地总结了彩色图像矢量滤波的基本理论和方法,并跟踪该领域的最新进展,同时分析介绍了彩色图像矢量滤波技术的一些典型应用;然后对彩色图像矢量滤波技术进行了分类,并对每种类型的滤波算法中经典和目前最常用的算法做了详细的介绍和阐述;接着结合笔者对该领域的研究,提出了一些新的研究方法;最后,对于一些有代表性、经常使用的矢量滤波算法,以冲击噪声为例,给出了其视觉上的滤波效果和客观的评估数据。  相似文献   

17.
    
Variational image restoration models for both additive and multiplicative noise (MN) removal are rarely encountered in the literature. This paper proposes a new variational model and a fast algorithm for its numerical approximation to remove independent additive and MN from digital images. Two previous works by L. Rudin, S. Osher, and E. Fatemi [Nonlinear total variation based noise removal algorithms, Phys. D 60 (1992), pp. 259–268] and Z. Jin and X. Yang [Analysis of a new variational model for multiplicative noise removal, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 362 (2010), pp. 415–426] are used to develop the new model. As a result, developing a fast numerical algorithm is difficult because the associated Euler–Lagrange equation is highly nonlinear and standard unilevel iterative methods are not appropriate. To this end, we develop an efficient nonlinear multigrid approach via a robust fixed-point smoother. Numerical tests using both synthetic and realistic images not only confirm that our new model delivers quality results but also that the proposed numerical algorithm allows a very fast numerical realization of the model.  相似文献   

18.
In this paper, we provide a tutorial for the applications of “game-theory-based extended H infinity filtering (EHIF)” approach to various problems in disciplines of signal processing. The algorithm of this filtering approach is similar to that of the extended Kalman filtering (EKF). Since its invention, the Kalman filtering approach has been successfully and widely employed for many problems in scientific and engineering fields, e.g. target tracking, satellite systems, control, communications, etc. Therefore, the H infinity filtering approach also can be applied to all these problems. One big difference of EHIF from the EKF approach is that we apply it with unknown noise statistics of the state and measurement. In this tutorial, we introduce this non-well-known approach in spite of its practical usefulness, by providing the step by step algorithm with example problems of a number of signal processing disciplines. We also show that EHIF can outperform other approaches including the EKF that need to know the noise statistics in their applications, in some scenarios. By the contribution of this tutorial, we look forward to easy, and disseminative applications of EHIF to problems where, particularly, the EKF or particle filter could have been applied if noise statistics were known.  相似文献   

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