在.Net平台下建立田野考古数字化平台

田野考古是考古学的重要分支,田野考古数字化平台是一套专门应用于田野考古工作的基于Web的应用系统。文中阐述了一个基于Microsoft.Net架构下的三层结构的田野考古应用系统的设计与实现。重点讨论了在涉及数据复杂的情况下,如何通过O/R Mapping提高开发效率的问题。提出并实现了一套自定义的基于描述的O/R Mapping方案。     

基于SuperMap的田野考古机助制图的设计及其实现

介绍了基于SuperMap的田野考古机助制图的方法设计及其具体实现过程。在实现机助制图的同时,提供了强大的图形编辑、布局功能。实际结果表明,这种方法简单、实用,大大改进了传统田野考古手工制图模式。     

探地雷达数据实时成像和预处理系统设计

探地雷达作为目前分辨率、效率最高的地下目标探测设备之一在城建、交通、地质、考古、国防等部门得到越来越广泛的应用。将雷达主机采集到的大量数据高速地传输到PC机上实时地显示,并对数据进行预处理以消除部分干扰,得到更准确、清晰的地质图像,对雷达系统而言是非常必要的。论文即介绍了作者自行设计和实现的探地雷达高速传输数据的实时显示并使用克希霍夫偏移算法进行数据预处理的软件系统,给出了该系统的工作原理和实现方法。     

数据仓库环境下以用户为中心的数据清洗过程模型

数据清洗是数据仓库和数据挖掘中非常重要的一个环节。本文首先分析总结了数据清洗的有关概念，给出了数据清洗中需要解决的质量问题，并总结了解决这些问题的技术和方法。在此基础上提出了以人为中心的数据清洗过程模型。该模型集成了工作流技术、数据集成、数据转换和数据挖掘技术。给出了每个工具箱应该提供的基本功能。     

Business process archeology using MARBLE

Context

Legacy information systems age over time. These systems cannot be thrown away because they store a significant amount of valuable business knowledge over time, and they cannot be entirely replaced at an acceptable cost. This circumstance is similar to that of the monuments of ancient civilizations, which have aged but still hold meaningful information about their civilizations. Evolutionary maintenance is the most suitable mechanism to deal with the software ageing problem since it preserves business knowledge. But first, recovering the underlying business knowledge in legacy systems is necessary in order to preserve this vital heritage.

Objective

This paper proposes and validates a method for recovering and rebuilding business processes from legacy information systems. This method, which can be considered a business process archeology, makes it possible to preserve the business knowledge in legacy information systems.

Method

The business process archeology method is framed in MARBLE, a generic framework based on Architecture-Driven Modernization (ADM), which uses the Knowledge Discovery Metamodel (KDM) standard. The proposed method is validated using a case study that involves a real-life legacy system. The case study is conducted following the case study protocol proposed by Brereton et al.

Results

The study reports that the proposed method makes it possible to obtain business process models from legacy systems with adequate levels of accuracy. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed method is also validated positively.

Conclusion

The proposed method semi-automatically rebuilds the hidden business processes embedded in a legacy system. Therefore, the business process archeology method quickly allows business experts to have a meaningful understanding of the organization’s business processes. This proposal is less time-consuming and more exhaustive (since it considers the embedded business knowledge) than a manual process redesign by experts from scratch. In addition, it helps maintainers to extract the business knowledge needed for the system to evolve.     

First-generation ASCI production visualization environment

Visualizing terascale computing results requires considering the entire data visualization system. The systems approach presented in the paper decreases the time needed to prepare large data sets for visualization four-fold. To explore the issues of very large data sets, the paper first considers an analyst's workflow and presents a systems engineering method to improve the workflow process. Then it presents a systems perspective of information flow with an emphasis on team environments. A case study demonstrates an application of the systems approach to improve an early production visualization system     

基于多核架构的大图像实时浏览技术

近年来,随着数据获取设备的不断提高,越来越多的高精度大图像出现在医学、遥感、气象、考古等领域中。这些大图像给使用者带来更多细节信息的同时,也给计算机交互式的显示带来巨大的挑战。设计了一个可扩展的并行工作管道,根据所提出的基于预测的数据管理方法,可以使图像显示和数据导入同步并行的进行;然后,我们基于CUDA（compute unified device architecture）架构,设计针对大图像的放大缩小算法,利用GPU快速的对所显示的图片进行放大缩小处理。我们的算法不需要任何预处理操作,对大图像的浏览操作获得很好的实时性和稳定性,大大提高了浏览的效率。     

实现动态数据结构持久化的渐进式方法

包含递归关系的动态数据结构在软件开发中很常见,但是数据的动态性质给不同应用程序之间的数据共享带来困难。文章阐述了动态数据结构持久化的一种实现技术,利用数据存取局部性,根据程序运行时的实际需要以渐进方式完成持久化数据的恢复与转换。由于粒度选择适中且实现比较方便,这一技术具有一定实用价值。     

位置编码在数据仓库ETL中的应用

为了保证数据仓库中数据的质量，在数据挖掘前必须进行数据清洗。ETL是构建数据仓库的重要环节，数据清洗就包含在其中。而检测和消除数据仓库中的相似重复记录是数据清洗和提高数据质量要解决的关键问题之一。该文将位置编码技术引入到数据仓库ETL中，提出了一种相似重复记录的检测算法，并给出了不同级别匹配阈值的动态确定方法。通过实验表明该算法具有较好的检测效果。     

Data storage and extraction in engineering software using XML

Most engineering analysis programs rely on customized procedures for storing and accessing scientific data. The size of the data set needed to characterize an engineering problem can be substantial, particularly as the problem increases in complexity. This paper presents a methodology for greatly improving the accessibility of scientific data using the Extensible Markup Language (XML) to define a consistent procedure for data storage and retrieval. When the data is expressed in an XML format, any portion of the data set can be easily accessed by interfacing with an XML parser. Examples are provided for automating design calculations and CAD drawings.     

基于可分性判据排序的RBF神经网络属性选择方法

提出一种基于数据属性重要性排序的神经网络属性选择方法，该方法只需对部分属性进行洲练，即可进行降维，它克服了现有的神经网络降维方法必须对全部属性进行训练的弊端，大大提高了属性选择的效率。该方法先用本文提出的一种简单的可分性判据方法对数据属性进行重要性排序，然后按重要次序用RBF神经网络进行属性选择。仿真实例表明，该方法具有良好的效果。     

Modeling and segmentation of noisy and textured images using gibbs random fields

This paper presents a new approach to the use of Gibbs distributions (GD) for modeling and segmentation of noisy and textured images. Specifically, the paper presents random field models for noisy and textured image data based upon a hierarchy of GD. It then presents dynamic programming based segmentation algorithms for noisy and textured images, considering a statistical maximum a posteriori (MAP) criterion. Due to computational concerns, however, sub-optimal versions of the algorithms are devised through simplifying approximations in the model. Since model parameters are needed for the segmentation algorithms, a new parameter estimation technique is developed for estimating the parameters in a GD. Finally, a number of examples are presented which show the usefulness of the Gibbsian model and the effectiveness of the segmentation algorithms and the parameter estimation procedures.     

Reconstructing history with computer graphics

Some applications of computer graphics to archeology are described. One project involved making a solid model of part of the Roman temple excavated at Bath, England, and its surroundings, comprising the Temple of Sulis Minerva, its precinct with surrounding colonnade, the Facade of the Four Seasons, and the barrel-roofed bathhouse that formerly enclosed what is now called the King's Bath. This model was constructed using a newly developed ray caster called DORA (divided object-space ray-casting algorithm). A second model was done of the Roman Fortress Baths in Caerleon, Wales. A quantity of archaeological graphics, both reconstructions and displays of data such as resistivity results, were also produced     

基于USB接口的数据采集系统相关技术研究

利用USB可以实现较传统方式更有效、更经济、点数更多的多点数据采集。针对基于USB接口和LabVIEW平台的数据采集和数据处理程序设计中,常遇到的典型应用中的问题如:基于TCP的网络传输、软件滤波、数组组合、波形振幅统计、超限报警等问题,本文给出了较详细的解决方案和实用程序设计技巧。     

计算机辅助颅面复原技术研究

颅面复原技术以头骨与面貌相互关系规律为科学依据,广泛应用于刑侦、考古等领域.本文综述了计算机辅助3D颅面复原技术中数据采集、颅面复原、复原后面部表情修饰等方法的进展情况.重点介绍以特征点及其软组织厚度为基础的颅面皮肤的复原技术,及曲面拟合方法的改进.最后,指出颅面复原后续工作的发展方向.     

Potential NDVI as a baseline for monitoring ecosystem functioning

Baseline data are needed to determine the overall magnitude and direction of change in ecosystem functioning. This letter presents an approach to estimate potential NDVI from environmental variables and training data of actual NDVI in nature reserves. Patterns of deviations of actual NDVI from the baseline generally correspond with land-use types in the western United States.     

A taxonomy of reasoning mechanisms and data synchronization framework for road excavation productivity monitoring

Project management tasks, such as productivity monitoring and cost estimation, require data to be fused from multiple data sources, which are typically spatial and temporal in nature. In order to fuse a pair of spatial and temporal data sources, a number of different types of reasoning mechanisms are needed. This paper presents a taxonomy of spatial and temporal reasoning mechanisms needed to fuse spatial and temporal data sources to support construction productivity monitoring. In addition, the paper also describes two different approaches (i.e., interpolation and nearest neighbor approaches) that can be used to synchronize the temporal and/or spatial data sources. The developed taxonomy has been validated based on representative queries of construction engineers and managers that are identified in previous research studies. The interpolation and nearest neighbor approaches have been validated with real and simulated construction data sources.     

Web日志挖掘中的数据预处理的研究

为了更加合理地组织Ｗｅｂ服务器的结构,需要通过Ｗｅｂ日志挖掘分析用户的浏览模式,而Ｗｅｂ日志挖掘中的数据预处理工作关系到挖掘的质量。文章就此进行了深入的研究,提出一个包括数据净化、用户识别、会话识别和路径补充等过程的数据预处理模型,并通过一个实例具体介绍了各过程的主要任务。