Cost-effective approach inter-LMA domain management and distributed mobility control scheme in proxy mobile IPv6 networks

The Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is designed to provide network-based mobility management support to a mobile node (MN) without any involvement of the MN in mobility related signaling; hence, the proxy mobility entity performs all related signaling on behalf of the MN. The new principal functional entities of PMIPv6 are the local mobility anchor (LMA) and the mobile access gateway (MAG). In PMIPv6, all the data traffic sent from the MN gets routed to the LMA through a tunnel between the LMA and the MAG, but it still has a single point of failure (SPOF) and a bottleneck state of traffic. To solve these problems, various approaches directed towards PMIPv6 performance improvements, such as route optimization, have been proposed. However, these approaches add additional signaling to support the MN׳s mobility, which incurs extra network overhead and still provides difficulty when applied to multiple-LMA networks. In this paper, we propose an improved route optimization in PMIPv6-based multiple-LMA networks. All LMAs were connected to the proxy internetworking gateway (PIG), which performs inter-domain distributed mobility control. Each MAG keeps the information of all LMAs in the PMIPv6 domain, so it is possible to perform fast route optimization. Therefore, this method supported route optimization without any additional signaling because the LMA receives the state information of route optimization from the PIG.     

基于快速切换的代理移动IPv6路由优化方案

针对代理移动IPv6移动节点(MN)切换后重建优化路径时延较长问题,提出一种基于快速切换的路由优化方案。新方案通过在MN快速切换过程中由旧移动接入网关提前发起路由优化,实现了优化路径的快速重建。性能分析表明,新域内路由优化方案比局部移动锚点发起的路由优化方案减少了21.7%的路由优化平均费用和45.4%的路由优化状态建立时延;新域间路由优化方案比现有域间切换及路由优化方案减少了72.2%的路由优化状态建立时延。     

Mobility management solution for IPv6-based vehicular networks

This paper proposes a mobility management solution for IPv6-based vehicular networks. First, the architecture based on vehicle domains is proposed in order to reduce the mobility handover frequency and delay. Based on the architecture, a distributed address configuration algorithm is proposed. Based on the address configuration algorithm, a vehicle can establish a routing path reaching the nearest AP (Access point) and achieve the multi-hop communication with the Internet through the routing path. Finally, based on the routing algorithm, the mobility management solution is proposed. The data results show that the solution shortens the mobility handover delay and lowers the packet loss.     

Enabling inter-PMIPv6-domain handover with traffic distributors

As a network-based localized mobility management protocol, Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) Gundavelli et al. (2008) enables mobile node (MN) to move in a local domain without any involvement in the protocol signaling. In contrast to other mobility protocols (such as cellular IP (CIP) Valkó, 1999, and hierarchical mobile IP (HMIP) Soliman et al., 2005), PMIPv6 does not require any upgrade of MN's protocol stack. Instead, PMIPv6 employs network entities to handle the handover for MN. However, the PMIPv6 can only manage MN's reachability within a local domain. If MN moves beyond the border of PMIPv6 domain, the mobility support will be broken. To provide MN continuous support across domains, we propose a solution to interconnect neighboring PMIPv6 domains. In our proposal, we have introduced a new network entity called traffic distributor (TD). The TD is used to deliver the cross-domain traffic. If MN moves across domain borders, LMA will notify the TD and the TD will redirect MN's traffic to the new domain. To evaluate our proposal, we conduct experiments to compare it with Neumann et al., 2009a, Neumann et al., 2009b proposal which is another proposal to handle inter-PMIPv6-domain issues. Results show that our proposal is a feasible alternative for inter-domain handover, and it outperforms Neumann's proposal in terms of binding cache entry number, transmission delay and handover delay.     

An IMS-based integration architecture for WiMax/LTE handover

To enable seamless handovers for broadband networks, many researchers have addressed the integration of heterogeneous access technologies to provide users with always-on connectivity. Currently, there are several researches reported in the literature that discuss the integration of beyond 3G networks such as 3GPP Long Term Evolution LTE and mobile WiMax networks. They mainly focused on providing mobile users with seamless mobility when switching between heterogeneous access networks. In this context, many solutions for integration architecture have been proposed with mobility management considerations such as loose and tight coupling, IP Multimedia Subsystem IMS-based architecture and Evolved Packet Core EPC-based solutions for the purpose of providing mobile users with seamless handovers. In this paper, we present the different integration solutions and propose an integration architecture for WiMax and LTE access technologies with EPC as core network and IMS for service provisioning. A vertical handover VHO scheme is presented based on cross-layer approach that enables vertical handover with less handover latency and signaling cost.     

A Secure Correspondent Router Protocol for NEMO Route Optimization

The Network Mobility (NEMO) protocol is needed to support the world-wide mobility of aircraft mobile networks across different access networks in the future IPv6 based aeronautical telecommunications network (ATN). NEMO suffers from the constraint that all traffic has to be routed via the home agent though. The already existing correspondent router (CR) protocol solves this triangular routing problem and permits to route packets on a direct path between the mobile network and the ground based correspondent nodes. We identify security deficiencies of this protocol that make it unsuitable for use within the ATN. We therefore propose a new route optimization procedure based on the CR protocol that provides a higher level of security. We evaluate our new protocol in three ways. We first conduct a simulation based handover performance study using an implementation of a realistic aeronautical access technology. We then investigate the mobility signaling overhead. Finally, we specify a threat model applicable for the aeronautical environment and use it to perform a security analysis of both the old and our new protocol. It is shown that our protocol is not only more secure but also provides better handover latency, smaller overhead in the aeronautical scenario and a higher level of resilience when compared to the original CR protocol.     

Buffering in proxy mobile IPv6: implementation and analysis

Proxy mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is a network-based mobility management protocol that improves performance in terms of handover latency, signaling cost, and packet loss compared to host-based mobility management protocols. However, still packet loss occurs during the handover of the mobile node (MN). Several attempts have been made to improve the reliability of PMIPv6 service by proposing schemes in which packets are buffered in network entities during the handover of the MN to prevent packet loss, and performance improvement has been demonstrated via simulations. So far, there have been no implementations of buffering functions in the literature. This paper addresses design of buffering function and its implementation to prevent packet loss, and demonstrates the results. We have implemented a PMIPv6 testbed based on open source resources. We discuss the functional and performance enhancements, comparing PMIPv6 with the buffering implemented and standard PMIPv6. We also propose an improved buffering function where the packet forwarding rate of the buffer is adjusted. The results through the testbed show that the buffering function in PMIPv6 effectively prevents packet loss during the handover of the MN. We have found out that we can manage the amount of packets in the buffer without further increment by adjusting the packet forwarding rate of the buffer as well.     

移动IPv6中端到端Diffserv QoS上下文转移框架

提出了一种移动IPv6端到端的DiffServ上下文转移框架，采用COPS-SLS协议作为DiffServ在移动环境下的信令机制来实现端到端的域间SLS动态磋商，使用端到端的上下文转移方法来重建DiffServ上下文可以避免重新发起COPS-SLS信令，并且端到端的DiffServ上下文仅在新增加路径中的QB间进行转移。该方法能减少切换时的服务中断，当MN切换时，实时应用能迅速得到与切换前相同的转发处理。     

基于ROE的轻型PMIPv6路由优化策略

PMIPv6在建立双向隧道传输数据时会导致传输路径非最优,同时,已有的路由优化策略信令负载过大且滞后于绑定更新过程。针对该问题,提出一种与绑定更新同步进行的基于ROE的轻量型路由优化策略,引入流体移动模型分析。实验结果表明,采用新策略后,网络报文开销减小,路由优化效率高,特别适合于移动节点低速运动的情况。     

PMIPv6网络域内切换路由优化方法的改进

针对代理移动IPv6（PMIPv6）中域内切换时延较大的问题,提出了基于LMA的域内切换路由优化方法。在新方法中,当移动节点链接到的新的移动接入网关向LMA发送代理绑定更新（PBU）消息后,LMA向相关的移动接入网关回发通信绑定更新（CBU）消息。分析和仿真结果表明,优化方法实现了切换后由先前的优化路径平滑且快速地过渡到新的优化路径,从而新方法能够有效地减少切换时延同时降低了切换路由优化过程中包传递发生乱序的可能性。     

6LoWPAN无线传感器网络移动管理方案

提出了一种跨层的6LoWPAN无线传感器网络移动管理方案。首先提出了6LoWPAN网络体系结构, 基于该体系结构, 提出了一种跨层的移动切换算法。在此算法中, 网络层移动切换与链路层移动切换同时进行, 在三层切换过程中, 移动节点无须转交地址配置, 也无须参与网络层的移动切换过程, 且无须参与移动切换过程, 在二层切换过程中, 移动节点无须扫描所有信道, 通过获取的信道信息直接进行二层切换, 因此降低了切换延迟、丢包率和切换代价。     

Adaptive IPTV services based on a novel IP Multimedia Subsystem

Heterogeneous communication devices are emerging and changing the way of communication. Innovative multimedia applications are now accessible through these embedded systems. The 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) provides a basic architecture framework for the Next Generation Network (NGN) supporting the convergence platform for service provisioning in heterogeneous networks. ETSI TISPAN standardization effort focuses on delivering IPTV services on such platform. Nevertheless, IPTV on IMS standardization suffers from a lack of efficient user-centric network management mechanisms as the end-user may consume IPTV service from different access networks, on different mobile devices, at anytime. User’s Perceived Quality of Service (PQoS) or Quality of Experience (QoE) of IPTV service may also suffer from wireless access network impairments. This paper introduces new functionalities in IPTV over IMS architecture which optimize satisfaction of the end-user and resource utilization of the operator’s networks. A context-sensitive User Profile (UP) model is used to deliver IPTV streams adapted to the user’s environment. In order to optimize the operator network usage, the impact of spatiotemporal dynamics of the video content on the deduced perceptual quality is considered. A Multimedia Content Management System (MCMS) is proposed to perform dynamic cross-layer adaptation of the IPTV stream based on PQoS measurements at the end-user side.     

A new flow-based fast handover method for Mobile IPv6 network with route optimization

Flow-based fast handover method is designed for Mobile IPv6 network. The FFHMIPv6 uses the flow state information to redirect the traffic flow to a new location. This makes it possible that the reception of packets simultaneously with the BU registration process, thus minimizing the delay experienced in the handover. But it does not consider the route optimization. In this paper, a new flow-based fast handover method is proposed which enhanced the existing flow-based fast handover method to support route optimization. The analysis shows that this scheme has a better performance than the existing FFHMIPv6 scheme.     

移动IPv6路由优化模型的性能分析和适应性策略

移动IPv6中为解决三角路由(triangle routing,简称TR)问题,采用路由优化(route optimization,简称RO)作为缺省方案.但是,路由优化在减小路由开销的同时引入了新的信令开销,因此,并非在任何情况下路由优化都优于三角路由.目的是对比在不同网络条件下路由优化和三角路由的开销,提出更有效的适应性路由优化策略.采用数学模型进行分析,引入数据到达率、移动切换率及MN(mobile node)和HA(hone Agent),CN(correspondent node)的位置关系等关键参数,得到分别采用RO和TR的总开销的表达式;引入数据到达率和移动率比值(packet-to-mobility,简称PMR)、节点间距离的关系来权衡数据和信令开销,得到总开销随相关参数变化的数值结果;基于这些分析提出了PMRRO(packet-to-mobility route optimization)适应性路由优化策略:以总开销的最小化为目标,以PMR阈值作为指标,通过适应性调整来决策MN和CN之间的路由选择.模拟验证表明,该策略有比单纯采用TR和RO更好的性能,是为移动管理减少开销、提高效率提出的可行方案.     

资源协同下的企业联盟智能制造技术研究

全球化制造中分布式网络化模式正逐渐成为一种趋势。为解决异构化企业协同智能制造的问题,提出一种基于IMS的企业资源协同模型,根据企业资源的聚集性构造具有特征路径短、聚类度大的小世界网络,将企业制造单元或生产工序构建成小世界网络。在此基础上,研究针对此网络特性进行企业联盟路径的生成算法。实际应用中在订单属性驱动和多节点Agent代理下,构建基于IMS的协同模型,为解决企业联盟机制和多任务企业资源路径问题,采用改进蚁群算法和在小世界网络下进行问题求解。通过仿真实验结果表明该模型和方法的有效性和正确性。     

Intra domain route optimization for ubiquitous network

The main advantage of a wireless network is user mobility, which calls for efficient routing support at the network layer. An architecture combines hierarchical mobile IPv6 and network mobility for a network mobile and mobile nodes move in tandem and make a hierarchy in the wireless network to management of micro-mobility and seamless handoff. But the capability of the architecture for intra domain route optimization is impaired. So we propose functionality in domain nodes to enable intra domain path optimization for ubiquitous network. It is shown that intra domain cost effect is beneficial in every hierarchical domain that spans mesh network topology. We address the key function for our proposed scheme and analyze the usefulness of our proposed method using mathematically. We show that our proposed scheme performs much better than Network Mobility protocol, especially when the number of mobile nodes or mobile routers or correspondent nodes increases in hierarchically nested in ubiquitous networks.     

MPLS流量工程提升IP网络QoS性能的研究

MPLS流量工程通过优化IP网络资源的使用以提高网络性能,并通过结合约束路由和面向连接的标记交换路径提供了端到端的QoS保障。该文在总结现有IPQoS主要技术的基础上,进一步论述了MPLS流量工程的主要体系结构和实现机制。并通过实验对比分析了MPLS流量工程相对于传统IGP在优化网络资源和支持显式路由LSP的优势并测试了对IP网络QoS的提升。     

基于HMIPv6自适应路由优化的研究

在层次化移动ipv6协议中，当CN和MN位于同一个MAP域时，两者之间的通信不是优化的路由，可以将MN的链路转交地址通知给CN，实现在移动节点和通信对端之间直接通信，达到路由优化的目的。当移动节点频繁切换时，导致了绑定更新开销的增加。切换频率和数据报传送频率是路由优化研究要考虑的两个重要因素。在权衡考虑MN的切换频率和数据报传送频率的基础上，提出了一种自适应的局部路由优化方案，并分析了该方案的性能。仿真结果表明，在较大的SMR范围内，该方案具有较好的性能。