一种利用相序测定原理的编码器计数方法

介绍了一种已获取发明专利的相序测定计数方法,以Atmel89S52单片机为基础,通过编码器的输出脉冲A和其反向脉冲A-产生中断,在中断服务程序中读取脉冲A、A-及与A脉冲相位差为90°的脉冲B的电平并与已在E2PROM中储存的状态字进行比较,由此来确定旋转方向并对脉冲进行加减计数。同时,该文也介绍了相应的硬件电路和软件程序。该方法在实际应用中的测试表明,当编码器频繁改变旋转方向时仍具有很高的测量准确度并能有效地抑制脉冲干扰信号。     

脉冲编码器、测速发电机性能自动测试分析系统

脉冲编码器、测速发电机是传动系统中常用的速度传感器,其性能分坏直接影响控制系统的品质指标。本文设计实现了一种基于微机脉冲编码器,测速发电机性能自动测试系统,对该系统的硬件构成和软件分析功能进行了详细讨论。     

Comparison of angle standards with the aid of a high-resolution angle encoder

Germany's National Metrology Institute the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and the DR. JOHANNES HEIDENHAIN GmbH (HEIDENHAIN) have conducted and compared measurements using their primary angle standards, which are realized as angle comparators of similar design. A high-resolution digital angle encoder served as the transfer standard for this comparison. Calibrations of the transfer standard by the two angle comparators resulted in an agreement of ±0.002″. The result proved to be consistent with the measurement uncertainties that the participants attributed to their calibration. PTB succeeded, using an additional comparison with a self-calibration method, in improving the measurement uncertainty of its comparator by a factor of 2.5 to 0.002″ (k = 2). The results of both participants demonstrated the suitability of the digital angle encoder as transfer standard for angle measurement comparisons aimed at uncertainties of a few thousandths of an arcsecond.     

Design and construction of a two-degree-of-freedom linear encoder for nanometric measurement of stage position and straightness

This paper presents a two-degree-of-freedom (two-DOF) linear encoder which can measure the position along the moving axis (X-axis) and the straightness along the axis vertical to the moving axis (Z-axis) of a precision linear stage simultaneously. The two-DOF linear encoder is composed of a reflective-type scale grating and an optical sensor head. A reference grating, which is identical to the scale grating except the scale length, is employed in the optical sensor head. Positive and negative first-order diffracted beams from the two gratings are superposed with each other in the optical sensor head to generate interference signals. The optical configuration is arranged in such a way that the direction of displacement in each axis can also be detected. A prototype two-DOF linear encoder is designed and constructed. The size of the optical sensor head is about 50 mm (X) × 50 mm (Y) × 30 mm (Z) and the pitch of the grating is 1.6 μm. It has been confirmed that the prototype two-DOF linear encoder has sub-nanometer resolutions in both the X- and Z-axes.     

位标器框架平台用单磁极磁电编码器设计

角位移传感器对于伺服控制闭环是一个重要的反馈元件,在军工和航天领域,旋转变压器和光电编码器本身的缺陷限制了其应用.为了弥补传统角位移传感器的不足,选择磁电编码器作为位标器框架平台的角位置反馈器件.依据校准查表信号细分算法研制出了一种单磁极磁电编码器,并设计了温漂补偿算法,以扩大工作温度适用范围,并为之设计制作了配套使用的校准和检测系统.经过实验验证,所研制的磁电编码器满足了位标器的应用要求.     

异轴间接角度测量系统设计与研制

介绍了一种异轴间接角测量系统。系统中用一旋转编码器与被测轴按任意啮合比进行啮合,在被测轴上贴一零度光标,并用光电传感器把零度光标转变为电脉冲信号。系统先依据零度脉冲记录被测轴正转一周旋转编码器输出的脉冲数,再用单片机依据这一数据和旋转编码器输出的当前脉冲数,计算和显示被测轴当前角度。实验证明这一系统的测量误差小于0．5℃。此系统具有安装简单和调整方便的优点,被成功有于动平衡验机上。     

轿车后排路噪问题分析与改进

为了解决匀速后排路噪超标问题,对底盘悬架车身接附点振动进行了调查,测试结果表明后减振器与车身接附点z向对应后排路噪峰值频率处振动偏大.为了有针对性地优化减振器阻尼力降低减振器上安装点对车身的振动激励,自主设计了后减振器工作速度测试方法.利用测试数据提取得到的减振器速度特性曲线,优化该工作速率段减振器阻尼力并进行了实车验...     

基于单片机和编码器的风轮机测速装置设计

设计了一种用于风轮机测速和物料计数的测量装置。该测量装置采用增量式光电编码器对叶轮的角位移进行测量,运用M法进行转速计算,采用单片机实现测量数据的采集与处理,采用八位七段数码管实时显示叶轮转速和物料数量。实践证明,该装置具有简单易行,测量准确,使用方便和成本低廉的特点。     

一种新型高性能价格比数控系统

介绍了当前工业发达国家数控技术的研究方向和我国数控技术发展的现状,提出了一种新型高性能价格比的数控系统,并介绍了该系统的原理与结构,为国内研究数控技术提出了一条新途径。     

Research on the parallel load sharing principle of a novel self-decoupled piezoelectric six-dimensional force sensor

This paper presents a novel integrated piezoelectric six-dimensional force sensor which can realize dynamic measurement of multi-dimensional space load. Firstly, the composition of the sensor, the spatial layout of force-sensitive components, and measurement principle are analyzed and designed. There is no interference of piezoelectric six-dimensional force sensor in theoretical analysis. Based on the principle of actual work and deformation compatibility coherence, this paper deduces the parallel load sharing principle of the piezoelectric six-dimensional force sensor. The main effect factors which affect the load sharing ratio are obtained. The finite element model of the piezoelectric six-dimensional force sensor is established. In order to verify the load sharing principle of the sensor, a load sharing test device of piezoelectric force sensor is designed and fabricated. The load sharing experimental platform is set up. The experimental results are in accordance with the theoretical analysis and simulation results. The experiments show that the multi-dimensional and heavy force measurement can be realized by the parallel arrangement of the load sharing ring and the force sensitive element in the novel integrated piezoelectric six-dimensional force sensor. The ideal load sharing effect of the sensor can be achieved by appropriate size parameters. This paper has an important guide for the design of the force measuring device according to the load sharing mode.     

一种新型高灵敏度三维成像系统电路设计

随着激光雷达成像探测技术的发展,人们对微弱信号的探测及目标三维成像需求越来越迫切。为满足在微弱光条件下目标三维成像的需求,本文提出了一种基于SPMArray4阵列光电探测器的新型高灵敏度三维成像探测系统,设计了目标微弱回波信号读出电路,并重点对系统接收电路测距模块作了设计,有效增加了测距精度,为后续信号处理和三维成像提供了条件。     

基于时空转换的精密位移测量新方法与传统方法的比较

回顾了时栅位移传感器原理和传统精密位移测量原理，通过比较其间细微而本质的区别，可加深对时空坐标转换方法的理解和对时栅位移传感器优势的认识。     

Development of a measuring method for several types of programmed tool paths for NC machine tools using a laser displacement interferometer and a rotary encoder

Many circular motion measuring methods for NC machine tools have been proposed, however, the drawback common to many of these methods is the restriction on the radius size due to the short measuring range of the displacement transducers used. Moreover, most of these measurement tools are specialized, and can only perform circular test path measurements. A circularity test method using a laser displacement interferometer and a rotary encoder has been developed. The measuring method features a much longer range of motion than ordinal circular test methods such as the double ball bar (DBB) method and, therefore, the radius restriction on these measurements is greatly reduced. Moreover, this measuring system can also be used for the evaluation of positioning accuracy and other more complex test paths.

The proposed device consists primarily of a laser displacement interferometer and a rotary encoder. The holders for the interferometer head and the retroreflector are connected with a stainless steel rod. The retroreflector holder has a synthetic resin linear bearing allowing it to move relative to the interferometer head so that both optical components are always facing each other. The laser interferometer measures the change in distance between the interferometer head and the retroreflector, and the rotary encoder measures the rotation angle of the stainless steel rod.

In this paper, the background, measuring principle and apparatus structure are briefly described. The experimental setup is also presented. The apparatus was employed in several measuring experiments, including circularity tests for a vertical machining center. The results from these experiments support the validity of this measurement apparatus.     

Construction and testing of a nanomachining instrument

This paper presents a nanomachining instrument that was developed for conducting nanocutting, nanoscratching, and nanoindentation experiments. A piezoelectric tube scanner (PZT) is employed to generate three-dimensional machining motions. The sample is moved by the PZT, and the tool is kept stationary during machining. The machining forces are measured by force sensors with a resolution of sub-milliNewtons. The instrument is compact and can be used inside optical microscopes and scanning electron microscopes. In this paper, depth-sensing indentation experiments were performed to test the basic performance of the instrument. The indentation displacement was measured by a capacitance probe situated inside the PZT tube. An experimental system was constructed to locate and image indentations. The system consists of a high magnification microscope to measure coordinates of the indentation relative to a reference corner point on the sample, and an AFM equipped with an on-axis optical imaging system for locating the indentation. A technique was also employed to establish the tool-sample contact to nanometer accuracy. Indentation experiments were carried out on three kinds of materials with different hardness. Experimental results demonstrated the instrument has the ability of performing depth-sensing indentations. The frame compliance was also evaluated from the indentation results.     

一种新的锁相测速方法

文中介绍了一种全新的精密数字锁相测量电机转速的方法和电路,此种方法不同于目前普遍采用的M／T测速方法。使用该方法,可以直接获得始终跟随电机速度变化的测速值,测速精度高、应用简单,目前已经成功地应用于笔者研制的交流伺服系统的反馈通道中。     

A compact and sensitive two-dimensional angle probe for flatness measurement of large silicon wafers

A two-dimensional (2D) angle probe was developed to realize a new scanning multi-probe instrument employing 2D angle probes for flatness measurement of large silicon wafers. Each probe, which utilizes the principle of autocollimation, detects the 2D local slope components of a point on the wafer surface. The 2D local slopes (angles) are obtained through detecting the corresponding 2D positions of the reflected light spot on the focal plane of the object lens using position-sensing devices (PSDs). To make the probe compact in size, it is more effective to improve the sensitivity of angle detection by selecting proper PSDs than using an objective lens with a larger focal distance. Two kinds of photo devices, linear lateral effect PSDs and quadrant photodiodes (QPD), for sensing 2D positions were discussed theoretically and experimentally. It was shown that a QPD is the best for highly sensitive 2D angle detection. In the experiments, a compact prototype angle probe with dimensions 90(L)mm×60(W)mm×30(H) mm employing a QPD as the PSD was confirmed to have a resolution of approximately 0.01 arc-second.     

高弹性锥体高速刀柄的性能研究

设计一种具有高弹性锥体的双面定位新型高速刀柄,在实心刀柄锥体上开有直、环交错槽,形成多个独立小锥面,增加刀柄锥体的弹性.高弹性锥体能够增大刀柄与主轴的配合过盈量,补偿主轴的高速离心膨胀,提高刀柄的极限转速.借助ANSYS Workbench有限元软件对该高速刀柄的静态和高速性能进行分析,具体研究刀柄锥面与端面的压力分布特点、主轴的膨胀变形规律以及刀柄-主轴联接的径向刚度.结果表明,新型高速刀柄具有较高的极限转速,在高转速下具有可靠的定位精度和联接刚度,特别适合于高速加工.     

二维红外相关光谱在两面针与单面针鉴别中的应用

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法及二维红外相关光谱法对两面针与单面针进行研究,探讨其一维、二维红外光谱特征及其差异,为快速鉴定两面针样品提供依据。两面针与单面针均为芸香科花椒属木本植物,均可入药,2者外形极为相似,药材市场常用靡价的单面针制成饮片冒充两面针。本实验结果表明:两面针与单面针的一维红外光谱差别甚小,但通过二阶导数光谱结合二维傅里叶红外光谱的方法可以将2者完全区分开采。本方法快速、廉价、有效,对两面针的鉴别提供一种新的方法和技术。     

The Development and Application of a Planar Encoder Measuring System for Performance Tests of CNC Machine Tools

In this paper, a measuring device with a planar encoder is developed to test the performance of a CNC machine tool. With the assistance of a PC, this system can be employed for both 2D contouring tests and 3D positioning tests for a CNC machine tool. The structure and the principle of the system, the applications for the general 2D contouring test, the drift test, and the specified geometric part path tests. An actual case study on improving the accuracy of machining a cam are described. Finally, a new 3D positioning method using the optic encoder is demonstrated. ID="A1"Correspondance and offprint requests to: Dr W. Jwye, 64 Wenhua Road, National Huwei Institute of Technology, Huwei, Yunlin, Taiwan 632. E-mail: Jywe@sunws.nhit.edu.tw