基于次序统计量像素灰度相似度的图像双边滤波

针对一般双边滤波器定义中的像素灰度相似度函数易受图像噪声影响,不能很好地表征像素之间的实际相似性的问题,设计了一个基于次序统计量的像素灰度相似度函数.基于网像中相邻像素之间的相关性,可近似地将某像素的1环邻域所有像素的灰度视为该像素灰度的n(n≤9)次观测值,并定义为n-次序统计量.依据两像素灰度的n-次序统计量的欧氏距离定义它们的灰度相似度.该相似度函数结合了像素1环邻域灰度分布的统计属性,能较好地抑制噪声的影响.仿真实验验证了所提出基于次序统计量像素灰度相似度的双边滤波算法具有良好的滤波特性.     

场景语义引导下的改进灰度世界算法

色彩恒常性的实现中,灰度世界算法通常因自然图像间场景差异导致较弱的光源估计性能.针对上述问题,提出了一种以场景语义为引导的改进灰度世界算法.首先,使用灰度化图像计算稠密SIFT描述子以避免彩色图像偏色干扰,SIFT描述子集合由词袋模型进一步生成无序视觉词汇;其次,以视觉词汇对应像素平均亮度为权重,基于空间金字塔匹配算法构建金字塔结构的亮度加权词频直方图;然后,采用直方图交叉核函数计算图像间场景语义相似度,并依据该相似度检索与测试图像场景语义相似的候选图像集;最后,所有候选图像的像素统计分布在经孤立森林算法移除异常值后被用于自适应推断,并更新灰度世界算法的固定假设,改进后灰度世界算法通过光源估计实现色彩恒常性.在ColorChecker,Cube+和NUS共3类公开色彩恒常数据集中的实验结果表明,所提算法在单相机测试中的光源估计角度误差较同类型灰度世界改进算法下降接近20%,且可在跨相机测试中取得对比算法中最低的光源估计角度误差.     

基于灰度和非局部空间灰度特征的二维Otsu曲线阈值分割法

为了克服图像噪声对图像分割结果的影响,利用图像中与像素具有相似邻域结构的像素提取当前像素的非局部空间信息,构造了基于像素的灰度信息和非局部空间灰度信息的二维直方图,并将此二维直方图引入到Otsu曲线阈值分割法中,提出了基于灰度和非局部空间灰度特征的二维Otsu曲线阈值分割法。实验结果表明,该方法能进一步提高原始二维Otsu曲线阈值分割法对于图像噪声的鲁棒性,获得了更加理想的分割结果。     

一种改进的图像相似度算法

图像相似度算法在图像识别、图像搜素引擎等研究领域具有重要意义。针对传统的灰度颜色直方图算法无法准确地描述各种颜色在图像中的分布情况的问题,提出了一种改进的图像相似度算法。它融合图像的纹理特征,利用灰度共生矩阵来提取图像像素在图像各个位置的特征信息。实验表明,这种融合图像纹理特征的方法不仅保留了灰度颜色直方图算法执行效率高的特点,而且弥补了颜色直方图算法的不足,进而提高了算法的准确性。在实际的应用场景中,可以通过调整两种算法的权值,来进一步提高算法的准确性。     

基于Log-Gabor特征的非局部均值去噪算法及其加速方案研究

非局部均值是一种基于像素长程相似性的图像空域去噪算法,它一般采用灰度块特征估计图像像素间的相似度.文中首先使用基于Log-Gabor特征的像素间相似度估计获得较好的去噪效果.然后将Log-Gabor几何特征与灰度特征相融合,所形成的混合相似度具有更佳的图像局部自适应性,去噪性能也得到进一步提升.最后基于Johnson-Lindenstrauss引理研究利用随机降维方法降低相似度计算的复杂度,并对该加速方案的效果,包括降维前后运行时间对比、降维程度以及随机矩阵生成方法对去噪性能的影响,进行详细试验分析,结果证明基于随机降维的加速方案的有效性.     

基于正则割（Ncut）的多阈值图像分割方法

在图像处理与目标识别中广为应用的阈值法是图像分割的一种重要方法,因此如何确定阈值是图像分割的关键。提出了一种新的图像阈值分割方法,把图像的一维灰度直方图的灰度级L和对应灰度级L的概率P视为二维平面上的点（L,P）,采用新的相似度函数来定义这些点之间的相似度,从而构建基于灰度级的相似度矩阵,然后使用正则割（Ncut）进行分类,根据分类结果确定图像的分割阈值。算法用基于灰度级的权值矩阵代替基于像素级的权值矩阵来描述图像像素的关系,因而需要的存储空间及实现的复杂性大大减少;与现有的阈值分割方法相比,该算法能够单阈值和多阈值分割图像,因此具有更为优越的性能。     

基于空间信息的直方图图像检索

从具有同一灰度的像素角度出发,寻找空间分布差异,引入面积变量,构造了平均面积直方图,间接捕捉到色彩的空间分布特征,从而能够区别色彩分布相似但空间分布不同的图像,尤其适用于纹理丰富的图像的检索,获得了满意的效果.     

一种改进的非局部均值算法

针对传统非局部均值算法中权值分配不合理以及邻域之间相似性判断不准确的问题,利用新余弦函数与高斯核函数结合对核函数进行改进;引入邻域相似函数对图像邻域灰度矩阵间的相似性进行度量,使得算法中权值的分配问题得到明显改善。通过PSNR与直方图实验结果表明,在不同的噪声影响下,改进的非局部均值算法在去噪性能上有显著提升。     

基于灰度空间特征的模糊C均值聚类图像分割

模糊C均值(FCM)聚类算法广泛用于图像的自动分割,但是该算法没有考虑像素的灰度和空间特征,对噪声十分敏感.因此提出一种改进的算法,在传统的FCM聚类的基础上,运用邻域像素的灰度相似度和聚类分布统计来构造新的隶属函数,对图像进行聚类分割.该方法不仅有效地抑制了噪声的干扰,而且把错分类的像素很容易的纠正过来.对两种类型的含噪图像的实验结果表明该方法对噪声具有很强的鲁棒性和对像素聚类的正确性.     

适用于小样本问题的有监督边界检测方法

针对自然图像纹理复杂的特点,提出了一种多种信息融合的有监督边界检测方法。首先,该方法在小样本的情况下,通过快速生成纹理基元特征来引入纹理信息;然后,根据图像中每个像素邻域内的灰度分布和纹理基元分布的差异来计算灰度梯度和纹理梯度,并在此基础上构造出二维的梯度特征向量;接着,用有监督的分类器进行分类,自适应地检测出初始的边缘点;最后,设计一个边界定位函数确定最终的边缘点,实现边界检测。实验结果表明,该算法运算速度较快,所检测的边界效果好。     

Color nonuniformity in projection-based displays: analysis and solutions

Large-area displays made up of several projectors show significant variation in color. Here, we identify different projector parameters that cause the color variation and study their effects on the luminance and chrominance characteristics of the display. This work leads to the realization that luminance varies significantly within and across projectors, while chrominance variation is relatively small, especially across projectors of same model. To address this situation, we present a method to achieve luminance matching across all pixels of a multiprojector display that results in photometrically uniform displays. We use a camera as a measurement device for this purpose. Our method comprises a one-time calibration step that generates a per channel per projector luminance attenuation map (LAM), which is then used to correct any image projected on the display at interactive rates on commodity graphics hardware. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort to match luminance across all the pixels of a multiprojector display.     

Color spectral analysis for spatial structure characterization of textures in IHLS color space

In this article, a linear prediction model based approach for color texture characterization and classification in the improved hue luminance and saturation color space is presented. Pure chrominance structure information is used in addition to the normally used luminance structure information for color texture classification. Hue and saturation channels of a color image in IHLS color space are combined using a complex exponential to give a single channel which holds all the chrominance information of the image. Two dimensional complex multichannel versions of the non-symmetric half plane autoregressive model, the quarter plane autoregressive model and the Gauss Markov random field model are used to perform parametric power spectrum estimation of both luminance and the “combined chrominance” channels of the image. The accuracy and precision of these spectral estimates are proven quantitatively by performing tests on a large number of images. Spectral distance measures are calculated for the spectral information of luminance and chrominance channels individually as well as combined through a combination coefficient. Using these distance measures, color texture classification is done with k-nearest neighbor algorithm. Experimental results verify that the IHLS color space exhibits better performance than the RGB color space indicating the significance of using IHLS for such analysis. They also show that color texture characterization and percentage classification obtained by combined luminance and chrominance structure information is better than the color texture classification done using only the luminance structure information.     

多投影面沉浸式虚拟环境系统的颜色校正

提出一种颜色校正的函数逼近优化模型来解决多投影面沉浸式虚拟环境系统的颜色校正问题。该颜色校正模型,采用数码相机作为颜色反馈的测量仪器,获得一个基准投影面的亮度和色度转换函数;为其他投影面分别寻找一个亮度修正函数和色度修正函数,使得各投影面与基准投影面的亮度和色度转换函数之间的L2距离最小,进而根据各修正函数来补偿各投影机的输入响应差别以达到它们之间的颜色一致。给出了逼近校正方法的算法及其程序实现,通过一个三通道的试验系统,证明了此方法对解决多投影面沉浸式虚拟环境系统颜色校正问题的有效性。     

Choice of a pertinent color space for color texture characterization using parametric spectral analysis

This article presents a comparison of different color spaces including RGB, IHLS and L?a*b* for color texture characterization. This comparison is based on the fusion of the independent spatial structure and color feature cues. In IHLS and L*a*b*, two channel complex color images are created from the luminance and the chrominance values. For such images, two dimensional complex multichannel linear prediction models are used to perform parametric power spectrum estimation and the structure feature cues are computed from this estimated power spectrum. Quantitative comparison of auto spectra of luminance and combined chrominance channels for different color spaces is done. This comparison is based on the degree of decorrelation between luminance and chrominance information provided by different color space transformations. Three dimensional histograms are used as color feature cues. Then, to classify color textures, Kullback-Leibler divergence based symmetric distance measures are calculated for pure color, luminance structure and chrominance structure feature cues. Individual as well as combined effect of information from all feature cues on classification results is then compared for different color spaces and different color texture data sets. The proposed color texture classification method performs better than the state of the art methods in certain cases. The L*a*b* color space gives us a better characterization of the chrominance spatial structure as well as the overall spatial structure for all of the chosen data sets. Experimental results on pixel classification of color textures are also presented and discussed.     

颜色空间在图像彩色化处理中的应用分析

图像彩色化处理通常遵循颜色的局部相似性原则,选择适当的颜色空间是其重要问题。以能否实现颜色的亮度与色度分离为依据,将常用颜色空间分为颜色构成空间和颜色属性空间。考察了不同颜色空间中颜色分布的光滑程度,评估了各颜色空间在彩色化处理中的适用性。理论和实验结果表明,颜色属性空间更适用于彩色化处理。结合对彩色化本质的分析,引出了有关颜色空间选择的若干结论。     

Adaptive fuzzy color segmentation with neural network for road detections

In this paper a new color space, called the RGB color ratio space, is proposed and defined according to a reference color such that an image can be transformed from a conventional color space to the RGB color ratio space. Because a color in the RGB color ratio space is represented as three color ratios and intensity, the chrominance can be completely reserved (three color ratios) and the luminance can be de-correlated with the chrominance. Different from traditional distance measurement, a road color model is determined by an ellipse area in the RGB ratio space enclosed by the estimated boundaries. A proposed adaptive fuzzy logic in which fuzzy membership functions are defined according to estimated boundaries is introduced to implement clustering rules. Therefore, each pixel will have its own fuzzy membership function corresponding to its intensity. A basic neural network is trained and used to achieve parameters optimization. The low computation cost of the proposed segmentation method shows the feasibility for real time application. Experimental results for road detection demonstrate the robustness to intensity variation of the proposed approach.     

基于HVS和交叉掩蔽的彩色图像编码算法

以层树分集（SPIHT）编码方案为基础,结合人类视觉系统（HVS）模型和人类视觉对彩色图像分量亮度和色度的不同敏感性,提出了一种基于非对称编码和交叉掩蔽的小波域彩色图像压缩编码算法。该算法首先将原始图像从RGB空间转换到YCbCr空间,然后对YCbCr空间的各分量进行离散小波变换;之后根据人类视觉对彩色图像的亮度分量的敏感性,用交叉掩蔽模型对亮度分量的小波系数进行加权处理;与此同时,利用非对称编码和SPIHT编码思想完成图像的压缩。仿真实验结果表明,文中算法是一种高效的图像压缩编码方法,其压缩效果明显优于SPIHT编码方案。     

An improved contrast enhancing approach for color-to-grayscale mappings

Despite the widespread availability of color sensors for image capture, the printing of documents and books are still primarily done in black-and-white for economic reasons. In this case, the included illustrations and photographs are printed in grayscale, with the potential loss of important information encoded in the chrominance channels of these images. We present an efficient contrast enhancement algorithm for color-to-grayscale image conversion that uses both luminance and chrominance information. Our algorithm is about three orders of magnitude faster than previous optimization-based methods, while providing some guarantees on important image properties. More specifically, our approach preserves gray values present in the color image, ensures global consistency, and locally enforces luminance consistency. Our algorithm is completely automatic, scales well with the number of pixels in the image, and can be efficiently implemented on modern GPUs. We also introduce an error metric for evaluating the quality of color-to-grayscale transformations.     

基于颜色和纹理特征提取的接地网腐蚀等级分析

针对目前我国发变电站接地网材料普遍采用的碳钢材料易腐蚀,且人眼判别腐蚀情况误差较大的问题,提出了采用图像处理技术对采集的腐蚀图像进行颜色和纹理特征提取以及分析的方法。首先,在亮度/色度彩色空间中,采用亮度色度非线性重组对腐蚀图像进行增强处理;其次,通过局部特征一致性,采用Gabor滤波器和彩色空间提取图像的颜色、纹理和梯度幅值等特征;然后,采用人工蜂群算法得到分割图像的最佳种子点和最佳相似值,采用种子区域增长 将图像分割成小的腐蚀区域;最后,度量这些小的腐蚀区域的相似性,从而完成腐蚀等级的分析。     

多视点视频中基于局部直方图匹配的亮度和色差校正

由于相机性能的差异,多视点视频序列之间总是存在亮度和颜色的差异,为降低这种差异对多视点系统中各种后续处理效果的影响,提出了一种基于部分重叠局部直方图匹配的亮度和色差校正算法。该直方图匹配算法先通过原图像直方图和参考图像直方图的匹配建立映射函数,然后使用该映射函数来校正原图像的亮度和色差值。根据映射函数的计算方法不同,直方图匹配可以分为全局直方图匹配和局部自适应直方图匹配。在全局直方图匹配算法中,由于整幅图像是使用统一的映射函数,因此校正性能较差。而局部自适应直方图匹配算法则是利用局部信息为每个像素建立唯一的映射函数,因此能够准确地校正图像不同区域的差异,但是算法的复杂度非常高。该部分交叠的局部直方图匹配方法中,一小块范围内的像素是使用同样的局部直方图来建立映射函数,然后使用条件去块滤波器去除可能存在的块效应。与自适应局部直方图匹配算法相比,该算法不仅可减少计算直方图和映射函数的次数,而且在降低计算复杂度的同时,还能够自适应地校正图像不同区域的差异。该算法可作为多视点视频系统中的预处理技术,实验结果表明,该算法能够提高后续压缩过程的性能。