结构参数对尼丝纺织物性能的影响

探讨了织物组织、纱线细度、织物紧度对尼丝纺织物的透湿性、抗紫外线性和折皱回复性的影响。结果表明,缎纹组织的尼丝纺织物的透气性、抗紫外线性和折皱回复性好于斜纹和平纹组织的织物;随着纱线细度的增大,尼丝纺织物的抗紫外线性和折皱回复性越好,透湿性越差;随着织物紧度的增加,尼丝纺织物的透湿性先变好后变差,抗紫外线性变好,折皱回复性变差。     

防电磁辐射混纺织物的设计与开发

20μm的不锈钢长丝与25 tex的竹浆/丝光羊毛(50/50)股线经过并线加捻设计开发出5种不锈钢长丝含量不同的纱线,设计并试织了不锈钢长丝质量分数分别为11%、15%、17%、22%、26%的5种2/2斜纹组织织物。测试和分析了这5种织物的防辐射性能、厚度、面密度、透气性、悬垂性、刺痒感、汽蒸收缩性、折皱回复性。结果表明:开发的5种织物均具有良好的防电磁辐射性能,且随着不锈钢长丝含量增加,织物的防辐射性能提高,厚度、面密度、刺痒分值逐渐增大,透气性、悬垂性、折皱回复性降低,汽蒸收缩性先降低后保持不变。     

混纺比对毛涤混纺织物性能的影响分析

毛涤混纺织物挺括、耐磨、抗皱、保型,但涤纶含量过多织物会显硬板、不丰满、容易起毛起球等。为了分析毛涤混纺比对织物性能的影响,测试了四种不同混纺比的毛涤混纺织物的悬垂性、抗折皱回复性、抗起毛起球性等。结果显示:在不影响织物外观性能和舒适感的条件下,随着涤纶含量的增加,毛涤混纺织物的耐磨性增强,抗折皱回复性能变好,但同时也会在一定程度上造成织物的起毛起球现象加重,悬垂性变差。     

苎麻纤维的碱处理与环氧交联改性

苎麻纤维的高强度高模量使苎麻织物手感僵硬、粗糙,有刺痒感,严重影响了织物的服用性能。结合碱处理与环氧交联复合改性的方法对苎麻纤维进行改性以改善其柔软性能,讨论了碱处理和环氧交联过程中交联剂浓度和温度对苎麻纤维接枝率,折皱回复性,强伸性能的影响。结果显示:交联剂浓度为5%～7%(质量分数),焙烘温度为120～130℃时,接枝率比较大,织物的折皱恢复性,强力和断裂伸长率得到极大的改善,改性后苎麻纤维的断裂从刚性断裂改善为韧性断裂,从而改善了苎麻织物的柔软性。     

织物性能的测试与分析

对3种Coolplus织物和2种纯棉织物的透气性、吸水性、导湿性、透水性进行测试。结果表明,Coolplus织物的吸湿排汗性能优于棉织物,其透气性、吸水性、导湿性、透水性和透汽性都比棉织物高出数倍。     

Tencel织物的性能测试

介绍了 Tencel纤维织物的性能 ,测试了纯 Tencel织物、Tencel混纺织物及粘胶纤维织物的折皱回复性 ,起拱变形性 ,耐磨性和起毛起球性 ,结果 Tencel织物均优于粘胶织物 ,认为 Tencel织物具有优良的服用性能。     

PTT抗折皱织物的开发及服用性能测试

将聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯(PTT)长丝分别与PTT长丝、聚酯(PET)长丝、棉纱以交织的方法开发了PTT抗折皱平纹织物,对产品的服用舒适性、织物风格、抗折皱效果进行了测试、分析与评价。测试结果表明:PTT抗折皱织物具有较好的弹性,在拉伸变形时的回复能力较好,同时在弯曲和剪切变形时也具有相当高的回复能力,即织物拥有较好的抗折皱功能,其各项服用性能也符合开发PTT抗折皱机织类产品的标准。     

防寒涤纶面料碱减量处理影响因素及对面料后整理效果的影响研究

研究了碱减量处理中碱液浓度、处理温度、处理时间以及促进剂等工艺条件对防寒涤纶面料减量率的影响。同时,还研究了碱减量处理对面料透气性的影响,以及对其后的拒水拒油整理效果及耐洗涤性的影响。结果表明,随碱液浓度提高、处理温度增加、处理时间延长,面料的减量率和透气性随之提高,面料表面亲水性和表面粗糙度增加,使织物在后整理中可获得更好的拒水拒油性能和耐水洗性;但减量率不宜太高,在4%～6%左右较为合适;另外,使用阳离子表面活性剂作为碱减量处理的促进助剂,可降低碱的用量,达到既提高处理效率又降低成本的目的。     

纳米二氧化硅/丝素复配整理对粘胶织物性能影响

研究了纳米二氧化硅在丝素与纳米二氧化硅复配整理液最佳含量。通过观察、测试自制丝素与纳米二氧化硅复配整理液对粘胶织物整理后的微观形貌、湿润、折皱回复性、紫外线防护与力学性能变化,说明复配液整理对粘胶织物的性能影响。结果表明,当纳米二氧化硅含量在3.5%~4.5%之间时粘胶织物表面的纳米二氧化硅出现少量团聚现象,且此时粘胶织物的疏水、紫外线防护与力学性能得到很大程度的改善,唯有粘胶织物的折皱回复性能略有降低。总体而言,通过此种简单环保工艺极大提高了粘胶织物的防护性能,因此建议复配整理液中纳米二氧化硅的含量应控制在3.5%~4.5%。     

Tencel织物的服用性能研究

测试了Tencel纯纺和混纺织物的舒适性、悬垂性、折皱回复性、起拱变形性、耐磨性和起毛起球性等服用性能指标，同时与粘胶纤维织物、棉织物进行比较，表明Tencel织物优于其它织物，具有优良的服用性能。     

Effects of composition and processing conditions on the properties of a series of shock mitigating phenolic foams

The effects of variations in the chemical composition and processing conditions of the series of phenolic foams described in the two previous papers were studied. Compressive stiffness and density increased with increasing concentrations of the acid catalysts, the slower reacting phenolic resin component, water, the lipophilic component of the surfactant system, and age of the phenolic resins. These properties decreased with increasing concentration of the fluorocarbon blowing agent and process temperature. The compressive stiffness and density increased to a maximum and then decreased with increasing concentrations of the hydrophilic surfactant. Permeability or “breathability” of the foam decreased with the hydrophilic surfactant at low concentrations and then became essentially independent of further increases of this component. Increasing concentrations of the lipophilic surfactant gave foam having greater breathability. In all other cases the permeability of the foam decreased as its density increased. Effects of the variations in processing and composition on the dependency of load bearing upon density, on relationships between permeability and density and permeability and compressive stiffness, and upon cell structures are also described.     

Investigation of thermal comfort properties of electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane fiber coated knitted fabrics for wind-resistant clothing

The integration of nanofibers into conventional fabrics may open up new opportunities such as improving the comfort performance and thermal management properties of outdoor clothing. Nanofibers are able to form a highly porous mesh and their large surface-to-volume ratio improves performance for many applications. This study shows the possible utility of the nanofiber coating on conventional knitted fabrics for improving the wind-resistance and breathability properties. It was seen that nanofiber coating did not cause a significant effect on water vapor and thermal resistance of electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane nanofiber coated cotton (CO), modal (CMD), viscose (CV), and lyocell (CLY) single jersey fabrics, while resistance to air permeability was increased with the increased nanofiber coating. High level of air resistance was achieved with 30 min of coating. In terms of comfort properties, the nanofiber coating proved to be advantageous due to its lower air permeability with its water vapor permeable structure. However, thermal insulation level of these fabrics was still low and fragile nanofiber layer needed to be protected. Therefore, a multi-layered fabric form was derived from combination of cotton and lyocell fabrics with a nanofiber layer. The results showed that nanofibers could be used to improve the wind-resistance and comfort properties of multi-layered knitted structures.     

Alkaline treatment of cotton in different reagent mixtures with reduced water content. I. Influence of alkali type and additives

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of some swelling agents with reduced water content on final properties of cotton fabrics. A single‐step swelling of cotton in the reagent was used. There were selected properties generally used to characterize mercerized cotton that are technologically important, such as water retention, shrinkage, stiffness, crease recovery angle, and hand. Water retention method and dyeing with CI Direct Red 81 have been used to compare the degree of swelling for different samples. Correlations have been established between structural changes induced by the swelling agents and final properties of cotton fabric. The mixtures of an alkali solution and an additive produced similar or better end‐use properties as compared with classical sodium hydroxide or ammonia treatments, combining the action of a diluted alkali solution (3.13 mol/L NaOH or KOH) and a nonalkali reagent. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 2848–2855, 2006     

阳离子明胶蛋白助剂在涤纶碱减量中的应用研究

将自制的阳离子明胶蛋白助剂应用于涤纶碱减量处理工艺中,探讨阳离子明胶蛋白助剂对涤纶减量率的影响以及对涤纶吸湿性的影响,同时与促进剂1227的作用效果进行比较,评价阳离子明胶蛋白助剂的处理效果。结果表明:阳离子明胶蛋白助剂对涤纶碱减量有一定促进作用,同时对涤纶有一定改性作用,能进一步改善碱减量涤纶织物的服用性能。虽然阳离子明胶蛋白助剂对涤纶碱减量的促进效果低于促进剂1227,但其对改善涤纶吸湿性、透气性、抗静电性和白度效果优于1227。     

开纤处理对海岛纤维织物性能的影响

对海岛织物进行开纤处理,讨论了开纤工艺的控制及开纤程度对织物染色性能、起绒加工以及手 感方面的影响。实践证明,碱浓度和处理时间是开纤工艺的关键,开纤不足或过度,均影响织物的性能。较 好的工艺条件是:氢氧化钠质量分数1％,85~90℃保温15 min,升温至110℃作用30~45 min。     

Chemical modification of cotton fiber by alkali-swelling and substitution reactions—acetylation,cyanoethylation, benzoylation,and oleoylation

By impregnating cotton fiber with alkaline swelling agents and reacting with some chemical agents which can be substituted for the hydroxyl groups on cellulose molecules in the presence of alkali, highly accessible or decrystallized cotton fibers can be obtained. As the effective substitution reactions, acetylation by acetic anhydride and cyanoethylation by acrylonitrile were applied. The cotton fibers modified by these chemical treatments showed no decrease of tensile strength, and had moisture regain higher than the untreated cotton though the degrees of substitution were as high as 20–30 mol %. The resistance to heat or acid and the soil removal were improved. Dyeability for direct dye was increased, and dyeability for disperse or cationic dye was also given. Benzoylation and oleoylation were also investigated. Crease recovery of the cotton fabrics was somewhat improved and dyeability for disperse dye was given. The cotton fabrics oleoylated after decrystallizing by alkali–acrylonitrile treatment had moisture regain almost the same as the untreated cotton, while high water repellency was given.     

Physical and mechanical properties of thermostatic fabrics treated with nanoencapsulated phase change materials

Textiles treated with nanoencapsulated phase change materials (nanoPCMs) were used to examine their suitability as clothing materials to prepare thermostatic clothes for absorbing or releasing heat according to heat fluctuation between the body and the environment. To this end, the physical and mechanical properties of fabrics treated with nanoPCMs, such as nano‐nonadecane and nano‐octadecane, were evaluated after we confirmed the morphology and thermal efficiency of the nanoPCMs. The nanoPCMs were almost spherical, with an irregular size distribution between 200 and 400 nm. The heat of fusion and peak temperature of melting for nano‐nonadecane, nano‐octadecane, and a balanced mix were measured at 102.6 J/g and 33.6°C, 144.7 J/g and 29.8°C, and 137.4 J/g and 31.8°C, respectively. However, the heat of fusion of the vapor‐permeable and water‐repellant (VPWR) fabrics treated with the nanoPCMs were only 6.8, 4.0, and 3.6 J/g, respectively, because the weight of fabric was added per unit area. The air permeability of the specimens without nanoPCMs was the lowest; that of the VPWR fabrics with nanoPCMs was relatively higher. The water vapor transmission of the VPWR fabrics with nanoPCMs was higher than the fabric without nanoPCMs, and the water resistance decreased in the same order. Compared to the mechanical properties of the fabric without nanoPCMs, the stiffness and roughness of the fabrics with nanoPCMs were improved, but the resilience and smoothness of the fabrics were slightly decreased. Consequently, the physical and mechanical properties of VPWR fabrics with nanoPCMs were superior to those of the fabric without nanoPCMs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Alkali treatments of lyocell in continuous processes. I. Effects of temperature and alkali concentration on the treatments of plain woven fabrics

Experiments were conducted that were designed to study the influence of various process parameters on the properties of lyocell fabrics treated with NaOH solutions in a continuous process. The process parameters of interest were the fabric type (plain, twill, or sateen woven), alkali concentration, tension on the fabric, temperature, and duration of the treatment. In this article, we present the first set of results from these experiments and examine the effect of NaOH concentration, temperature, and tension in the continuous alkali treatments of plain woven lyocell fabrics. Alkali treatments caused fiber swelling in the fabrics to extents governed by the alkali concentration and temperature of the treatment liquors. Fiber swelling caused fabric shrinkage, which resulted in changes to the fabric macroscopic structure and properties. Changes were observed in the flexural rigidity, water retention, crease recovery, strength, and abrasion resistance of the fabrics to extents governed predominantly by swelling‐related changes to the fabric structure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

预处理对微胶囊改性聚酯织物舒适凉爽性的影响

由于聚酯纤维的化学性质稳定、纤维表面光滑,不易与后整理剂相结合,因此利用薄荷油微胶囊后整理对聚酯织物进行舒适凉爽改性时,存在附着量少、改性效果差的缺点。为解决这一问题,本文在后整理前增加了碱预处理和等离子体预处理。通过对聚酯织物原样、无预处理后整织物、碱预处理后整织物和等离子体预处理后整织物进行舒适凉爽性能测试,深入分析两种预处理方法对聚酯织物改性效果的影响。结果表明：等离子体预处理在织物透湿、导水、润湿、速干和凉爽性改性方面促进作用更明显,相比无预处理后整织物,等离子体后整织物的透湿率、经向和纬向芯吸高度、滴水扩散时间、蒸发速率及接触凉感系数分别提高了3.32%、40.24%、27.25%、80.39%、21.21%和5.59%;碱预处理则在织物透气性和吸水性改善方面的效果更佳,相比无预处理的后整织物,可将织物的透气率和吸水率分别提高43.43%和13.03%。因此,两种预处理方法对聚酯织物舒适凉爽性的改性效果有显著促进作用。     

Combined effect of corona discharge and enzymatic treatment on the mechanical and surface properties of wool

The enzymatic treatment of textile fibers is a nontoxic and environmentally benign process. The objective of the present study is to investigate the improvement of physic-chemical characteristics of wool fabrics by surface modification induced by corona discharge and enzymatic treatment with protease and cellulose. Thus, it was found that, compared with pristine wool fabric, the enzyme-treated fabrics exhibited lower tensile strength, increased elongation, and higher alkali solubility. The surface roughness and the zeta potential of the enzyme-treated wool fabrics decreased with increasing treatment duration.