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This paper explored the feasibility and benefit of CO2 utilization as gasifying agent in the autothermal gasification process. The effects of CO2 injection on reaction temperature and producer gas composition were examined in a pilot scale downdraft gasifier by varying the CO2/C ratio from 0.6 to 1.6. O2 was injected at an equivalence ratio of approximately 0.33–0.38 for supplying heat through partial combustion. The results were also compared with those of air gasification. In general, the increase in CO2 injection resulted in the shift of combustion zone to the downstream of the gasifier. However, compared with that of air gasification, the long and distributed high temperature zones were obtained in CO2-O2 gasification with a CO2/C ratio of 0.6–1.2. The progress of the expected CO2 to CO conversion can be implied from the relatively insignificant decrease in CO fraction as the CO2/C ratio increased. The producer gas heating value of CO2-O2 gasification was consistently higher than that of air gasification. These results show the potential of CO2-O2 gasification for producing high quality producer gas in an efficient manner, and the necessity for more work to deeply imply the observation. 相似文献
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建立下吸式生物质气化炉热力学平衡模型,该模型包括焦炭、焦油和气体,并用已公布的实验数据对模型进行验证,均方根（RMS）在1.304~3.814之间,结果表明该模型的预测值与实验数据吻合较好,可认为模型可靠。然后模拟棉秆在下吸式生物质气化炉中以空气和富氧气体2种气化氛围下,不同操作参数(当量比、预热温度和气化炉反应温度)下对棉秆气化的气体组分、热值和产率的影响。模拟结果表明：富氧气体为气化剂时,当量比从0.20增至0.35时,气体中N2含量比空气显著下降,达10%以上,同时发现能提高气体中H2和CO的含量和热值,热值比空气提高约20%。预热温度对气化成分变化影响有限,随预热温度从30 ℃变化到130 ℃,气体的平均热值从空气的5.2 MJ/m3提高到富氧气体的7.0 MJ/m3。随气化炉内反应温度从750 ℃升至1250 ℃,空气和富氧气体2种气化剂下的H2和CO分别从20.94%、26.84%和21.77%、28.67%下降到4.06%、9.12%和10.49%、21.60%,导致气体的热值降低。 相似文献
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Greg Perkins Ernest du Toit Greg Cochrane Grant Bollaert 《Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects》2016,38(24):3639-3646
Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a process which converts deep, un-mineable or difficult to mine coal resources into syngas which can then be converted into valuable end products such as electric power, liquid fuels, synthetic natural gas and chemicals. This paper provides a summary of the UCG operations conducted at the Chinchilla Demonstration Facility in Australia, focusing on gasifiers constructed using directional drilling. A number of the experiences and key lessons learned from operating multiple underground gasifiers over several years at the facility are described. Implications for the implementation in commercial projects using UCG are also discussed. Finally, the potential of UCG as a method for producing syngas from deep coal is discussed and some of the challenges and opportunities are summarized. 相似文献
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A model of a downdraft gasifier has been developed based on chemical equilibrium in the pyro‐oxidation zone and finite rate kinetic‐controlled chemical reactions in the reduction zone. The char reactivity factor (CRF) in the reduction zone, representing the number of active sites on the char and its degree of burn out, has been optimized by comparing the model predictions against the experimental results from the literature. The model predictions agree well with the temperature distribution and exit gas composition obtained from the experiments at CRF=100. A detailed parametric study has been performed at different equivalence ratios (between 2 and 3.4) and moisture content (in the range of 0–40%) in the fuel to obtain the composition of the producer gas as well as its heating value. It is observed that the heating value of the producer gas increases with the increase in the equivalence ratio and decrease in the biomass moisture content. The effect of divergence angle of the reduction zone geometry (in the range of 30–150°) on the temperature and species concentration distributions in the gasifier has been studied. An optimum divergence angle, giving the best quality of the producer gas, has been identified for a particular height of the reduction zone. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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介绍了具有内循环特点的两段制氢反应炉,冷态试验表明:合理的床料高度及气化介质量可以在炉内实现很好的内循环。热态试验表明通过分别控制上段与下段温度水平可实现气化反应过程的优化,实验表明上段炉温750℃,下段炉温850℃为最佳温度组合,采用镍基催化剂并提高蒸汽温度,可以实现产气中较高的含氢量,氢气体积含量最高可超过65%。 相似文献
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The olive oil industry generates several solid wastes. Among these residues are olive tree leaves, prunings, and dried olive pomace (orujillo) from the extraction process. These renewable energy sources can be used for heat and power production. The aim of this paper consists of modelling and simulation of a small‐scale combined heat and power (CHP) plant (fuelled with olive industry wastes) incorporating a downdraft gasifier, gas cleaning and cooling subsystem, and a microturbine as the power generation unit. The gasifier was modelled with thermodynamic equilibrium calculations (fixed bed type, stratified and with an open top). This gasifier operates at atmospheric pressure with a reaction temperature about 800°C. Simulation results (biomass consumption, gasification efficiency, rated gas flow, calorific value, gas composition, etc.) are compared with a real gasification technology. The product gas obtained has a low heating value (4.8–5.0 MJ Nm?3) and the CHP system provides 30 kWe and 60 kWth. High system overall CHP efficiencies around 50% are achievable with such a system. The proposed system has been modelled using Cycle‐Tempo software®. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This paper presents development of the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) gasifier utilizing an analogy between a model with coal feedstock and the model with torrefied woody biomass. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was primarily developed for coal gasification, and the simulation results were validated with similar published work and experimental measurements. The model was extended for the woody biomass to predict the gasifier performance under the gasification process. The results were used to compare the effect of fuel type on the gasifier performance and gaseous product compositions. The second‐level injection nozzles were modified tangentially, and the flow characteristics, species yields, and temperature were evaluated. The possibility of reducing the gasifier length from 13 to 8 m is also evaluated for different total length. The results revealed that using woody biomass leads to a decrease in the mole fraction of CO and H2 at the gasifier outlet compared with coal. An opposite trend was observed for CO2 and CH4 compositions. The contributions of modified second‐level nozzles to the total gas composition and exit temperature only account for less than 3%. Reducing the gasifier length from 13 to 8 m increased the exit temperature from 1289 to 1340 K, but the changes in the exit gas composition were less than 2%. The new design of the MHI gasifier can reduce the investment costs by reducing the gasifier length as well as using biomass instead of coal. 相似文献
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气化炉是生物质气化发电系统的核心设备。根据内燃式燃气发电机的性能参数和对燃气质量的要求,对下吸式生物质气化炉进行了设计。通过调整喉管区结构及配风喷嘴位置,可以提高气化炉的产气效率,提高产出气的品质。对系统的燃气净化部分和燃气发电机的选型做了简要介绍。 相似文献
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生物质流化床气化制取富氢燃气的研究 总被引：17，自引：7，他引：17
以流化床为反应器，对生物质空气-水蒸汽气化制取富氢燃气的特性进行了一系列实验研究。在本实验中，气化介质(空气)从流化床底部进人反应器，水蒸汽从进料点上方通人反应器。在对实验数据进行分析的基础上，探讨了一些主要参数如：反应器温度，水蒸汽／生物质比率S／B(Steam／Biomass Ratio)，当量比ER(Equivalence Ratio)以及生物质粒度对气体成分和氢产率的影响。结果表明：较高的反应器温度，适当的ER和S／B(在本实验研究中分别为0．23，2．02)，以及较小的生物质颗粒比较有利于氢的产出。最高的氢产率：71gH2／kgbiomass是在反应器温度为900℃，ER为0．22，S／B为2．70的条件下取得的。 相似文献
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Hydrogen-rich gas production from biomass air and oxygen/steam gasification in a downdraft gasifier 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Pengmei Lv Zhenhong Yuan Longlong Ma Chuangzhi Wu Yong Chen Jingxu Zhu 《Renewable Energy》2007,32(13):2173-2185
Biomass gasification is an important method to obtain renewable hydrogen. However, this technology still stagnates in a laboratory scale because of its high-energy consumption. In order to get maximum hydrogen yield and decrease energy consumption, this study applies a self-heated downdraft gasifier as the reactor and uses char as the catalyst to study the characteristics of hydrogen production from biomass gasification. Air and oxygen/steam are utilized as the gasifying agents. The experimental results indicate that compared to biomass air gasification, biomass oxygen/steam gasification improves hydrogen yield depending on the volume of downdraft gasifier, and also nearly doubles the heating value of fuel gas. The maximum lower heating value of fuel gas reaches 11.11 MJ/N m3 for biomass oxygen/steam gasification. Over the ranges of operating conditions examined, the maximum hydrogen yield reaches 45.16 g H2/kg biomass. For biomass oxygen/steam gasification, the content of H2 and CO reaches 63.27–72.56%, while the content of H2 and CO gets to 52.19–63.31% for biomass air gasification. The ratio of H2/CO for biomass oxygen/steam gasification reaches 0.70–0.90, which is lower than that of biomass air gasification, 1.06–1.27. The experimental and comparison results prove that biomass oxygen/steam gasification in a downdraft gasifier is an effective, relatively low energy consumption technology for hydrogen-rich gas production. 相似文献
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M. Fatih Demirbas 《Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects》2013,35(3):245-252
The aim of this study was to assess the scientific and engineering advancements of producing hydrogen from biomass via two thermochemical processes: (a) conventional pyrolysis followed by reforming of the carbohydrate fraction of the bio-oil and (b) gasification followed by reforming of the syngas (H2 + CO). The yield from steam gasification increases with increasing water-to-sample ratio. The yields of hydrogen from the pyrolysis and the steam gasification increase with increasing of temperature. In general, the gasification temperature is higher than that of pyrolysis and the yield of hydrogen from the gasification is higher than that of the pyrolysis. The highest yields (% dry and ash free basis) were obtained from the pyrolysis (46%) and steam gasification (55%) of wheat straw while the lowest yields from olive waste. The yield of hydrogen from supercritical water extraction was considerably high (49%) at lower temperatures. The pyrolysis was carried out at the moderate temperatures and steam gasification at the highest temperatures. This study demonstrates that hydrogen can be produced economically from biomass. The pyrolysis-based technology, in particular, because it has coproduct opportunities, has the most favorable economics. 相似文献
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In this work, pilot scale throat-less downdraft gasifier is fabricated and tested on rice husk and blend of rice husk-sawdust. The test aims to investigate effect of equivalence ratio on temperature profile, propagation front (flame propagation rate, bed movement rate, and effective propagation rate), and performance of the gasifier (composition of producer gas, heating value of producer gas, and thermal efficiency of the gasifier). Equivalence ratio investigated are 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25, while the blend ratio is 1:1 by mass. The results show that axial temperatures in the reactor surge faster with increasing equivalence ratio during the rice husk gasification and the blend gasification. Typically, flame propagation rate, bed movement rate, and effective propagation rate improve with rising equivalence ratio from 0.15 to 0.25. The best higher heating values and thermal efficiencies are obtained at equivalence ratio of 0.2 and 0.15 for the rice husk gasification and the blend gasification, respectively. 相似文献
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The syngas composition characteristic was investigated in the real slurry-feed gasifier using a detailed gas phase reaction mechanism. The results show that the time for syngas to reach equilibrium is much shorter than the residence time for slurry feed entrained-flow gasifiers, indicating a gas phase species partial equilibrium state. Further calculation shows that the four major species, CO, CO2, H2, and H2O, are in equilibrium via the reaction . Suggestions are provided for future modeling and model validation. 相似文献
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采用新设计的中型下吸式生物质颗粒气化炉供能系统,针对用户实际需要进行了试验研究。特剐是对供风量与火力大小的关系、生物质的密度与气化强度间的关系和最快启动方式、最优封火方式等进行了试验,试验结果可为气化炉高效运行及进一步的改进提供依据。 相似文献
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试验研究了木屑在水蒸气气氛下的热失重行为及气化过程中合成气释放特性。首先采用TG-DTA对木屑样品进行了水蒸气气氛下的热重行为分析,结果表明,木屑气化过程可以分为挥发分释放和半焦气化两个阶段,分别可由二级反应动力学和三维扩散Ginstling-Broushtein方程描述,对应的表观活化能分别为87.014kJ/mol和103.35 kJ/mol。此外,在自制的固定床气化反应装置上,研究了生物质气化过程中挥发分释放和半焦气化阶段合成气释放特性。另外,半焦水蒸气气化阶段对气体中合成气含量和H2/CO起到决定性作用,通过合理调控半焦气化阶段反应条件,可以得到合适化学当量比的生物质合成气。 相似文献
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Simulation of gasification of high‐ash Indian coal in an updraft moving bed gasification system is presented in this paper. A steady one‐dimensional numerical model, which takes into account of drying, devolatilization, combustion and gasification processes, is used to solve the mass and energy balances in the gasification system. The results from the model have been validated against the experimental data available in literature for various types of coals. The predicted product gas composition, its calorific value and the exit temperature are in agreement with the reported results. The validated model is used to study the effect of input parameters such as oxygen content in air stream, steam flow rates and the pressure of the gasification system. Results indicate that the value of oxygen mole fraction around 0.42 in the oxidizer stream can provide optimum performance in oxygen‐based gasification systems. There is a range of steam‐to‐coal ratio that is dependent on the oxygen content in oxidizer stream. For air‐based systems, this value is around 0.4 and for oxygen‐based systems it is 1.5. The gasification performance improves with operating pressure significantly. An operating pressure of around 8 bar and higher, based on the application, can be used for achieving the required performance with high‐ash coals. The model is useful for predicting the performance of high‐ash Indian coals in a moving bed gasification system under different operating parameters. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献