弯矩作用下弯管内壁环向裂纹应力强度因子分析

应力强度因子KI是缺陷结构安全评定的必需参数.利用有限元分析软件ANSYS自顶向下方法建立了弯管内壁环向裂纹模型,并对弯矩作用下的KI进行分析.结果表明:无论张开弯矩还是闭合弯矩,KI随裂纹半角θ、纵向裂纹角θ1及裂纹深度与壁厚之比a/t的变化趋势均相同,但变化梯度不同.对张开弯矩,KI随环向裂纹角θ2的变化存在120°和240°两个波峰位置;对闭合弯矩,KI随环向裂纹角θ2的变化存在60°,180°和300°三个波峰位置,并非所有承受弯矩作用的含内壁环向裂纹弯管均危险.     

流固耦合下核电一回路弯管内表面裂纹分析

为了了解压水堆一回路弯管内表面裂纹在流固耦合作用下的扩展状况,利用ANSYS Workbench建立了含环向内表面裂纹弯管的流固耦合模型,在不同约束条件下对不同位置的裂纹前缘应力和应力强度因子K进行了分析。分析结果表明:只有内压作用时,流固耦合会增大裂纹前缘K与应力,而且对外弯处裂纹影响大。只有闭合弯矩时,流固耦合会减小外弯处裂纹前缘K与应力。内弯处裂纹受压应力,流固耦合会减小压应力。只有张开弯矩时,流固耦合会增大内弯处裂纹前缘K与应力。外弯处裂纹受压应力,流固耦合会增大压应力。分析结果为核电一回路含缺陷弯管的安全性评价提供一定的依据。     

运用子模型方法分析U型管表面椭圆裂纹应力强度因子

针对在裂纹前沿设置奇异单元的断裂力学有限元分析模型,运用子模型方法计算了U型管弯管部分表面纵向裂纹前沿各点的应力强度因子,得到了裂纹前沿最深点应力强度因子修正系数F1随弯管和裂纹参数的改变而变化的曲线图谱.     

P92钢蒸汽管道焊接接头中两裂纹相互作用的有限元分析

P92钢蒸汽管道焊接接头中易出现裂纹等缺陷,严重威胁着超超临界机组的安全运行,采用ANSYS Workbench软件建立了焊接接头中两半椭圆表面裂纹的有限元模型,并研究了两裂纹间距和次裂纹尺寸对主裂纹前缘应力强度因子的影响规律。研究结果表明,对于两共面的轴向裂纹和两共面的环向裂纹,次裂纹的存在增大主裂纹前缘的应力强度因子,而对于两非共面的轴向裂纹和两非共面的环向裂纹,次裂纹的存在则减小主裂纹前缘的应力强度因子,且这种作用随两裂纹间距的减小或次裂纹尺寸的增大而增强。对于中心连线与轴线平行的轴向与环向裂纹,当形状因子a/c=0.4时,环向裂纹的存在对轴向裂纹前缘应力强度因子的影响不大;但轴向裂纹的存在却增大环向裂纹前缘的应力强度因子,且这种作用随两裂纹间距的减小或轴向裂纹尺寸的增大而增强。当a/c=1.0时,一条裂纹的存在增大另一条裂纹前缘的应力强度因子,且这种作用随两裂纹间距的减小而略有增强;增大环向裂纹尺寸,其增大轴向裂纹前缘应力强度因子的作用略有增强;轴向裂纹尺寸对环向裂纹前缘应力强度因子的影响则取决于两裂纹间距。     

Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹的应力强度因子有限元计算分析

ABAQUS软件对中心穿透斜裂纹板及边斜裂纹板进行了有限元模拟.计算复合型裂纹的应力强度因子KⅠ和KⅡ,并将计算结果与现有理论结果进行了比较;分析了裂纹尺寸和裂纹角对应力强度因子的影响.结果表明:裂纹角从0°增大到90°,裂纹类型由复合型向纯Ⅰ型转变;用ABAQUS软件计算复合型裂纹的应力强度因子相对误差保持在5%之内,计算精度完全满足工程要求.     

G*积分理论求解应力强度因子及有限元法验证

利用G*积分理论求解管道裂纹应力强度因子.再应用ANSYS有限元分析软件,计算出纯弯曲、三点弯对称环向穿透裂纹和拉伸周期裂纹的应力强度因子.将应力强度因子的G*积分解与有限元解相比较,它们的相近验证了G*积分理论的适用性.     

管道穿透斜裂纹应力强度因子计算

裂纹是引起管道开裂失效的主要原因,裂纹尖端应力强度因子是表征裂纹应力场强度的主要物理量,也是对管道进行安全评估时的主要依据之一,但管道不同于平板,有曲率影响,因此基于平板推导出来的裂纹尖端应力强度因子公式必须进行修正。为了准确计算管道上斜裂纹应力强度因子,建立了不同管道直径、不同裂纹倾角以及不同裂纹长度下的管道穿透斜裂纹有限元模型,并计算了裂纹尖端应力强度因子,在无限大板中心斜裂纹应力强度因子计算公式基础上,修正得到了管道穿透斜裂纹应力强度因子计算公式,这对于含裂纹管道安全评定有重要参考价值。     

含不同尺寸裂纹管道极限内压的有限元模拟及计算公式修正

建立了含热影响区裂纹X80焊接管道模型,模拟了残余应力分布并进行了验证;采用有限元方法模拟得到有、无焊接残余应力以及不同裂纹尺寸下焊接管道的极限内压,并与ASME B31G标准、DNV RP-F101标准和PCORRC方法计算得到的进行对比;结合PCORRC方法和有限元模拟结果修正了极限内压计算公式。结果表明:无论是否存在焊接残余应力,焊接管道的极限内压均随裂纹深度或长度的增大而降低,且焊接残余应力对极限内压的影响随裂纹长度的增大而减小;3种方法计算得到的极限内压均随裂纹深度的增大而降低,但裂纹越深,计算结果与模拟结果的误差越大;采用修正公式计算得到含表面裂纹管道和含热影响区裂纹焊接管道的极限内压和模拟结果的相对误差分别在8%,7%以内,说明此极限内压计算公式具有一定的工程适用性。     

弯曲载荷下管道环焊缝裂纹应力强度因子评价模型及试验验证

裂纹缺陷是众多环焊缝缺陷中危险性最大的缺陷之一。油气管道在经过地质条件较差的区域时，当遭遇自然灾害，管道除内压作用外，还会承受额外的弯曲载荷，由此引起的大跨度管道弯曲变形容易引起环焊缝裂纹扩展，导致管道破裂。基于大量环焊缝裂纹有限元数据，拟合出了裂纹尖端应力强度因子的工程评估公式。按照子模型分析方法可以快速获得有限元结果数据且能保证精度，是一种高效获取全尺寸弯曲管道中裂纹应力强度因子拟合数据的方法。结合API 579中提供的环向裂纹应力强度因子理论公式，对应力强度因子计算公式进行了拟合，裂纹尺寸范围为0.03   

带裂纹压力管道安全评定的应力强度因子曲线

根据压力管道安全评定的工程需要,给出了管道周期环向裂纹应力强度因子通用曲线.通过管道裂纹角和周期裂纹数,就可在曲线上查得正则化应力强度因子.类似的曲线可以根据管道的特点给出多条,便于工程应用.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.