某大型航空铝合金锻件局部加载成形质量控制

以某大型铝合金航空锻件为对象,针对整体一次加载成形时载荷过大的问题,提出了局部加载成形工艺方案,利用有限元法对锻件分段局部加载成形充填和载荷、多道次之间变形量分配及各道次加载顺序进行了研究。结果表明:该铝合金大锻件采用整体加载方案时,最大成形载荷为400 MN,超过了现有设备能够提供的载荷;采用局部加载3段2道次成形时,每道次成形载荷均可控制在300 MN以内,第1道次上下模具停止距离为55 mm,且加载方式为从锻件中间往两边加载,能够获得填充完整的锻件,满足现有设备要求。     

杯-杆件有限元数值模拟成形工艺研究

针对汽车转向螺杆成形精度及形状特点,提出了冷温复合精密成形两种工艺方案,即多工序复合挤压成形工艺和两工序复合挤压成形工艺(杯杆复合成形工艺)。并采用体积成形软件DEFORM-3D,基于热-力耦合的刚粘塑性有限元法对两种工艺方案进行了数值模拟。通过分析两种工艺在成形过程的速度矢量场和成形载荷,得出了结论:两工序复合成形工艺成形过程稳定,成形载荷较小,确定为成形方案。     

大型铝合金航空模锻件局部加载成形工艺研究

提出了超大规格铝合金航空模锻件局部加裁成形工艺方案,利用三维有限元软件Deform-3D对锻件分段局部加载成形载荷、两道次之间变形量分配、变形均匀性进行了仿真分析.结果表明:大型锻件局部等温加载工艺可有效降低成形载荷,最大锻造压力均可控制在300MN以内,局部加载2个道次较适合超大规格航空模锻件生产;各道次成形过程锻件温度场均匀,平均等效应变值达到3.6,锻件变形充分;第1道次变形量为40％时锻件等效应力分布最均匀,上模所受侧移力最小;总变形量为55％、第一道次取40％,第2道次取15％时是该锻件等温局部加载最优变形工艺.     

高压电磁阀体冷挤压工艺设计及研究

针对高压电磁阀体成形工艺的特点,采用锻造分析软件QFORM2D/3D对一次反挤压成形方案和复合挤压成形方案进行数值模拟分析.通过讨论复合挤压金属流量分配规律和对比两方案的模拟结果,确定了复合挤压成形方案为最佳工艺方案,并设计了模具.通过工艺实验的论证,结果表明,所设计的工艺方案及模具均合理,且降低了挤压力,大大缩短了工艺实验周期,对电磁阀体的生产应用具有重要的指导意义.     

5A06铝合金复杂构件的复合挤压成形工艺

为了揭示5A06铝合金进行复合挤压成形复杂构件时的金属流动成形规律以及力学性能的变化,根据复杂构件的形状结构特点,制定了复杂构件复合挤压成形工艺方案,并增加预成形阶段,使棒料被挤压成与挤压件外轮廓基本相同。研究了5A06铝合金在复杂应力状态下的变形行为,并利用Deform-3D软件模拟复杂构件的成形过程,研究了模拟结果的行程-载荷曲线、等效应力以及金属流线分布,最终利用THP61-3 MN数控液压机进行产品试制。研究结果表明,生产试制结果与模拟结果基本吻合,且复杂构件的性能得到了明显改善,模拟分析结果为成形工艺的完善与优化提供了理论依据。     

挤压-剪切薄壁中空镁合金型材成形过程物理场及微观组织

为研究镁合金圆管挤压成形薄壁中空方管的可行性及其性能,本文通过挤压-剪切复合成形工艺将AZ31镁合金圆管坯料直接制备成厚度为2 mm的薄壁中空方形管材。结合DEFORM-3D软件对不同温度下镁合金方管成形过程中成形载荷、挤压速度、等效应变等进行了数值模拟。结果表明：温度的大小影响成形载荷的分布,合适的成形速度与温度有利于镁合金方管的成形。通过挤压-剪切复合工艺可直接一道次成形薄壁中空方管,且成形方管的晶粒尺寸得到有效细化;在400℃下成形方管的屈服强度约为230MPa,伸长率约为20%,断裂方式为准解理断裂;在动态再结晶和较大的剪切作用下,成形方管的基面织构分散程度较高,强度明显弱化,其综合性能得到提高。在挤压-剪切复合成形过程中,可以通过降低变形速度和提高变形温度来获得良好性能的镁合金方管。     

氮气弹簧缸筒热反挤压凸模结构对挤压成形力的影响

氮气弹簧缸筒的常用加工方式为机加工,为了提高材料利用率和生产效率、增强成形工件的性能,设计了一种热反挤压工艺以加工氮气弹簧缸筒.使用DEFORM11.0软件进行数值模拟,分析了坯料初始温度对成形结果的影响以及凸模结构对成形载荷的影响,设计了工艺过程并加工了挤压模具.采用热反挤压工艺加工的氮气弹簧缸筒的材料利用率为80....     

6082铝合金多筋连接件成形工艺分析及模具设计

针对6082铝合金多筋反挤压制件结构复杂、变形不均匀和局部变形程度较大的特点,提出了直接反挤压成形和两工序成形方案(先成形外筋板,再成形内腔)。基于MSC. MARC对两种不同的成形方案进行了有限元仿真分析,分别得到了挤压时的应力应变状态、载荷-行程曲线以及金属填充模具的情况。结果表明:采用反挤压一次成形时,筋板成形较困难,难以得到合格的产品;采用两工序成形方案得到的制件外形饱满,无明显缺陷,且材料利用率较高,成形过程中制件的最大等效应力为63 MPa,凸模最大载荷为308 k N。根据模拟结果确定了两工序成形方案,设计了工装模具并成功生产出合格零件,为该类多筋制件的生产提供了参考。     

带纵向外筋薄壁筒形件复合流动成形数值模拟与工艺优化

采用传统的切削、挤压方法加工外表面带纵向外筋薄壁筒形件,存在着材料利用率较低、成本较高的问题,因此,提出了一种新的复合流动成形工艺。利用有限元分析软件,研究了预成形压下量、道次减薄量分配比以及滚珠直径等工艺参数对外筋成形效果的影响规律。研究发现:预成形压下量越大,外筋填充效果越好;不同阶段中,滚珠直径对外筋填充效果影响不同;采用两道次成形时,可以显著降低成形过程中的轴向旋压力。以外筋填充率和旋压力作为优化指标,通过正交试验,获得外表面带纵向外筋薄壁筒形件复合流动成形的最佳工艺方案,选取最佳工艺方案,通过试验验证了复合流动成形工艺的可行性,为此类构件的高效、低耗生产提供了理论设计依据。     

多道次拉深复合成形工艺研究

以典型深拉深件滤清器罩壳为研究对象，对其原有成形工艺方案进行分析，提出采用多道次拉深挤切复合成形的工艺方案，设计出了集落料、拉深、修边、整形于一体的复合成形模具。提高了生产效率和生产安全性，降低了生产成本。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。