30CrNi3MoV焊接性及接头组织性能

采用实际焊接与焊接热模拟相结合的方法,研究了30CrNi3MoV高强度钢焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能。分析表明,30CrNi3MoV钢在不预热的条件下焊接,裂纹率较高;预热温度高于100℃时,裂纹消失。冷速过高,靠近熔合区的HAZ区易产生淬硬组织。靠近熔合区的焊缝区有较多沿晶界分布的先共析铁素体,削弱了晶界强度,裂纹易滋生,而焊缝区产生的针状铁素体对阻止裂纹扩展是有利的。利用焊接热模拟技术模拟并分析HAZ不同区域的组织。     

回火工艺对Cr-Ni-Mo-V高强钢组织和力学性能的影响

利用力学性能测试、金相观察、TEM、SEM和XRD等分析手段,研究了回火温度对40CrNi3MoV和50CrNi5MoV钢组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,40CrNi3MoV钢和50CrNi5MoV钢回火后的组织具有板条马氏体特征,在板条马氏体的边界分布着高密度位错。试验钢在500~650℃范围内回火时,随着回火温度的增加,碳化物析出并长大;硬度、强度呈下降趋势;而冲击吸收能量、伸长率、断面收缩率呈上升的趋势。由于C、Mo和Ni含量的增加,在500~550℃范围内回火后,50CrNi5MoV钢的屈服强度能够达到1400MPa级,比40CrNi3MoV钢高170MPa左右,且塑韧性较好。     

中碳Cr-Ni-Mo-V高强度钢的高温拉伸行为研究

利用MTS880试验机测试了40CrNi3MoV钢和50CrNi5MoV钢在高温下的拉伸性能。结果表明:试验钢的抗拉强度、屈服强度随试验温度的增加而降低,断面收缩率、伸长率随着试验温度的增加而增加。在350℃时,50CrNi5MoV钢与40CrNi3MoV钢的抗拉强度分别为1395、1180MPa;在500℃拉伸时,50CrNi5MoV钢与40CrNi3MoV钢的抗拉强度分别为1185、978MPa。与室温拉伸时的强度相比,350℃拉伸时50CrNi5MoV钢与40CrNi3MoV钢抗拉强度的下降率分别为14%和15%;500℃拉伸时50CrNi5MoV钢与40CrNi3MoV钢抗拉强度的下降率分别为27%和29%。50CrNi5MoV钢不但室温强度高,而且在500℃的高温下抗拉强度仍比40CrNi3MoV钢高200MPa左右,这说明50CrNi5MoV钢更适合在高温下使用。     

焊接热循环对连铸钢中心冲击韧度的影响

在连铸10CrNi3MoV低合金高强钢表面和心部位置分别取样,采用焊接热模拟方法,通过夏比冲击吸收功测定、显微组织及晶粒度观察,分别研究了取样位置、热输入、多次焊接热循环等因素对连铸钢中心冲击韧度的影响.试验结果表明,中心偏析恶化了连铸钢中心部位冲击韧度,焊接热循环参数对冲击韧度有较大影响.出现上述现象的物理及冶金因素分别是连铸钢中合金元素特别是C,S元素的偏析及不同焊接热循环条件下,热模拟HAZ具有不同的显微组织及晶粒度.     

系泊链用10CrNi5MoV钢的力学及耐腐蚀性能

通过静态全浸腐蚀试验研究了人工海水条件下10CrNi5MoV钢的耐腐蚀性能并与传统R3级钢进行了对比,通过慢应变速率拉伸试验对比研究了系泊链用10CrNi5MoV钢在不同回火温度热处理后的应力腐蚀断裂敏感性。结果表明:10CrNi5MoV钢在640~660℃回火热处理具有低的应力腐蚀断裂敏感性,且常规力学性能较好;随回火温度进一步升高,组织中出现大量的MA(马氏体-奥氏体)岛,断口的韧窝由等轴韧窝变为剪切韧窝,应力腐蚀断裂敏感性较高。10CrNi5MoV钢常规力学性能以及在人工海水中的耐蚀性都优于R3级钢。     

12CrNi9MoV合金钢热变形本构方程及热加工图

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机研究了在变形温度850～1200℃、 应变速率0.01～10 s-1条件下12CrNi9MoV钢的热变形行为.基于试验钢的真应力-真应变曲线,获得了试验钢的热变形激活能为365.3 kJ·mol-1,进而得到了试验钢的热变形本构方程.结果表明:12CrNi9MoV钢为热敏感型和正...     

热处理对25CrNi3MoV钢组织与力学性能的影响

通过采用金相、电镜观察和力学试验等方法研究了奥氏体化温度和回火温度对25CrNi3MoV钢的组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,25CrNi3MoV钢在950～1050 ℃奥氏体化时,由于V的碳化物充分溶解,晶粒出现异常长大.25CrNi3MoV钢的低温冲击韧性与晶粒尺寸之间符合扩展的Hall-Petch关系.随着回火温度升高,25CrNi3MoV钢中析出的碳化物粗化,其抗拉强度降低,冲击韧性升高.     

10CrNi3MoV高强度结构钢焊接接头海水腐蚀行为研究

高强钢10CrNi3MoV焊接接头在海水服役过程中容易发生腐蚀。采用三维视频图像原位采集系统分析10CrNi3MoV焊接接头的各区域分布,采用扫描开尔文探针确定了焊接接头的易腐蚀区域,采用电化学综合测试系统进行了焊接接头的电化学测试。结果表明,热影响区的面积小,在海水浸泡中热影响区表面伏打电位低,作为阳极优先腐蚀。焊接接头在海水浸泡中的腐蚀主要以点蚀为主。热影响区的腐蚀电流密度最大,阻抗谱中电荷转移电阻最小,腐蚀速率最快,腐蚀情况最严重,而母材与焊缝电荷转移电阻相差不大,两者腐蚀速率相当。本研究可为改进高强钢焊接接头的工艺参数提供一定的理论指导。     

10CrNi3MoV钢在西太平洋深海环境下的腐蚀行为研究

以10CrNi3MoV钢为研究对象,在西太平洋海域不同深度下进行实海腐蚀试验,通过形貌观察、腐蚀失重计算、点蚀测量以及产物成分分析等方法对其腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明,10CrNi3MoV钢在西太平洋深海环境下的腐蚀形貌主要为点蚀,随深度增加表面点蚀密度和点蚀深度均增大;腐蚀速率随深度的增加先减小后略有增加,与深海溶解氧含量随深度变化规律一致。由于合金元素的添加导致深海环境局部腐蚀敏感性增大,相同条件下10CrNi3MoV钢耐蚀性劣于普通碳钢。10CrNi3MoV钢形成的晶态腐蚀产物主要为γ-FeOOH;随海水深度增加,晶态腐蚀产物相逐渐减少。     

34CrNi3MoV钢的热变形行为

为分析34CrNi3MoV钢的热变形行为，采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机进行等温热压缩试验，设置变形温度为800～1200℃、应变速率为0.01～10 s^-1,获得相应的流变应力曲线。分析了流变应力对变形参数的敏感性，计算了不同应变量下材料参数α、n、Q和A的值，并利用五阶多项式拟合了各材料参数与应变量的对应关系。采用应变补偿的Arrhenius模型对34CrNi3MoV钢的高温流动应力本构方程进行回归。结果表明：34CrNi3MoV钢在变形温度为1000～1200℃、应变速率为0.01～1 s^-1时出现较为明显的动态再结晶曲线特征，并随着应变速率的降低和变形温度的升高，峰值应力越明显。本构方程预测的流动应力与试验结果的吻合度较好，在整个试验范围内的平均相对误差R_av仅为5.52%,表明所构建的模型是可靠的。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.